Python
Python
PRACTICAL-2
Programs based on NumPy ndarrays
Numpy is a general-purpose array-processing
package. It provides a high-performance
multidimensional array object, and tools for working
with these arrays. It is the fundamental package for
scientific computing with Python.
Arrays in Numpy
Array in Numpy is a table of elements (usually
numbers), all of the same type, indexed by a tuple of
positive integers. In Numpy, number of dimensions of
the array is called rank of the array.A tuple of integers
giving the size of the array along each dimension is
known as shape of the array. An array class in Numpy
is called as ndarray. Elements in Numpy arrays are
accessed by using square brackets and can be
initialized by using nested Python Lists.
Creating a Numpy Array
Arrays in Numpy can be created by multiple ways,
with various number of Ranks, defining the size of the
Array. Arrays can also be created with the use of
various data types such as lists, tuples, etc. The type
of the resultant array is deduced from the type of the
elements in the sequences.
#python program for
#creation of arrays
Import numpy as np
#creating a rank 1Array
arr=np.array([1, 2, 3])
print(“Array with Rank 1:\n”,arr)
#creating a rank 2 Array
arr=np.array([[1,2,3],
[4,5,6]])
print(“Array with Rank 2:\n”,arr)
#creating an array from tuple
arr=np.array((1,3,2))
print(“\nArray created using”
“passed tuple:\n”,arr)
Output
Accessing the array Index
In a numpy array, indexing or accessing the array
index can be done in multiple ways. To print a range
of an array, slicing is done. Slicing of an array is
defining a range in a new array which is used to print
a range of elements from the original array. Since,
sliced array holds a range of elements of the original
array, modifying content with the help of sliced array
modifies the original array content.
# Python program to demonstrate
# indexing in numpy array
import numpy as np
# Initial Array
arr = np.array([[-1, 2, 0, 4]
[4, -0.5, 6,0],
[2.6, 0, 7,8]
[3, -7, 4, 2.0]])
print("Initial Array: ")
print(arr)
# Printing a range of Array
# with the use of slicing method
sliced_arr = arr[:2, ::2]
print ("Array with first 2 rows and"
" alternate columns(0 and 2):\n", sliced_arr)
# Printing elements at
# specific Indices
Index_arr = arr[[1, 1, 0, 3],
[3, 2, 1, 0]]
print ("\nElements at indices (1, 3), "
"(1, 2), (0, 1), (3, 0):\n", Index_arr)
Output
Basic Array Operations
In numpy, arrays allow a wide range of operations
which can be performed on a particular array or a
combination of Arrays. These operation include some
basic Mathematical operation as well as Unary and
Binary operations.
# Python program to demonstrate
# basic operations on single array
import numpy as np
# Defining Array 1
a = np.array([[1, 2],
[3, 4]])
# Defining Array 2
b = np.array([[4, 3],
[2, 1]])
# Adding 1 to every element
print ("Adding 1 to every element:", a + 1)
# Subtracting 2 from each element
print ("\nSubtracting 2 from each element:", b - 2)
# sum of array elements
# Performing Unary operations
print ("\nSum of all array "
"elements: ", a.sum())
# Adding two arrays
# Performing Binary operations
print ("\nArray sum:\n", a + b)
Output
Data Types in Numpy
Every Numpy array is a table of elements (usually
numbers), all of the same type, indexed by a tuple of
positive integers. Every ndarray has an associated
data type (dtype) object. This data type object (dtype)
provides information about the layout of the array.
Numpy provides a large set of numeric datatypes that
can be used to construct arrays. At the time of Array
creation, Numpy tries to guess a datatype, but
functions that construct arrays usually also include an
optional argument to explicitly specify the datatype.
Constructing a Datatype Object
In Numpy, datatypes of Arrays need not to be defined
unless a specific datatype is required. Numpy tries to
guess the datatype for Arrays which are not
predefined in the constructor function.
# Python Program to create
# a data type object
import numpy as np
# Integer datatype
# guessed by Numpy
x = np.array([1, 2])
print("Integer Datatype: ")
print(x.dtype)
# Float datatype
# guessed by Numpy
x = np.array([1.0, 2.0])
print("\nFloat Datatype: ")
print(x.dtype)
# Forced Datatype
x = np.array([1, 2], dtype = np.int64)
print("\nForcing a Datatype: ")
print(x.dtype)
Output
Math Operations on DataType array
In Numpy arrays, basic mathematical operations are
performed element-wise on the array. These
operations are applied both as operator overloads and
as functions. Many useful functions are provided in
Numpy for performing computations on Arrays such
as sum: for addition of Array elements, T: for
Transpose of elements, etc.
# Python Program to create
# a data type object
import numpy as np
# First Array
arr1 = np.array([[4, 7], [2, 6]],
dtype = np.float64)
# Second Array
arr2 = np.array([[3, 6], [2, 8]],
dtype = np.float64)
# Addition of two Arrays
Sum = np.add(arr1, arr2)
print("Addition of Two Arrays: ")
print(Sum)
# Addition of all Array elements
# using predefined sum method
Sum1 = np.sum(arr1)
print("\nAddition of Array elements: ")
print(Sum1)
# Square root of Array
Sqrt = np.sqrt(arr1)
print("\nSquare root of Array1 elements: ")
print(Sqrt)
# Transpose of Array
# using In-built function 'T'
Trans_arr = arr1.T
print("\nTranspose of Array: ")
print(Trans_arr)
Output
