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Maths Answer to

The document provides solutions to various mathematical exercises related to functions, domains, ranges, exponential equations, logarithmic expressions, and trigonometric identities. It includes specific examples and calculations for each exercise, detailing the steps taken to arrive at the answers. Additionally, it covers conversions between radians and degrees, as well as the verification of trigonometric identities.

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3 views

Maths Answer to

The document provides solutions to various mathematical exercises related to functions, domains, ranges, exponential equations, logarithmic expressions, and trigonometric identities. It includes specific examples and calculations for each exercise, detailing the steps taken to arrive at the answers. Additionally, it covers conversions between radians and degrees, as well as the verification of trigonometric identities.

Uploaded by

abenipop
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here are the answers to the questions in the source document:

**Exercise 2.7**

**1. Find the domain of the given function.**

* a) f(x) = 1/6^x. The domain is all real numbers.


* b) g(x) = √3^x + 1. The domain is all real numbers.
* c) h(x) = √2^x - 8. For the function to be defined, 2^x - 8 ≥ 0, so 2^x ≥ 8, and x ≥ 3. The
domain is x ≥ 3.
* d) f(x) = 1/(2^x-2). For the function to be defined, 2^x-2 ≠ 0, so x ≠ 1. The domain is all real
numbers except x=1.

**2. Sketch the graph of the given function. Identify the domain, range, intercepts and
asymptotes.**

* a) y = 5^-x. The domain is all real numbers, the range is y>0, the y intercept is (0,1) and the
asymptote is y=0.
* b) y = 9 - 3^-x. The domain is all real numbers, the range is y<9, the y intercept is (0,8), and
the asymptote is y=9.
* c) y = 1 - e^-x. The domain is all real numbers, the range is y<1, the y intercept is (0,0) and
the asymptote is y=1.
* d) y = e^-2x. The domain is all real numbers, the range is y>0, the y intercept is (0,1), and the
asymptote is y=0.

**3. Solve the given exponential equation.**

* a) 2^(x-1) = 8. Since 8 = 2^3, then x - 1 = 3, so x = 4.


* b) 3^(2x) = 243. Since 243 = 3^5, then 2x = 5, so x = 5/2.
* c) 8^x = √2. Since 8 = 2^3 and √2 = 2^(1/2), then 3x = 1/2, so x = 1/6.
* d) 16^(x-2) = 1/4. Since 16 = 2^4 and 1/4 = 2^-2, then 4(x-2) = -2, then x - 2 = -1/2, so x = 3/2.

**4. Let f(x) = 2^x. Show that f(x+3) = 8f(x).**

* f(x+3) = 2^(x+3) = 2^x * 2^3 = 8 * 2^x = 8f(x).

**5. Let g(x) = 5^x. Show that g(x-2) = (1/25)g(x).**

* g(x-2) = 5^(x-2) = 5^x * 5^-2 = 5^x * (1/25) = (1/25)g(x).

**6. Let f(x) = 3^x. Show that f(x+2) - f(x) = 4(3^x).**


* f(x+2) - f(x) = 3^(x+2) - 3^x = 3^x * 3^2 - 3^x = 9*3^x - 3^x = 8*3^x. There appears to be a
mistake in the text. The correct answer is 8(3^x) and not 4(3^x).
**7. Evaluate the given logarithmic expression (where it is defined).**
* a) log₃ 32. This cannot be simplified further without a calculator.
* b) log₉ 9 = 1, since 9^1 = 9.
* c) log₅ (-9). This is not defined, since the argument of a log function must be greater than 0.
* d) log₆ (1/36) = -2, since 6^-2 = 1/36.
* e) log₅ (log₃ 243). Since 3^5 = 243, then log₃ 243 = 5. Therefore, log₅ (log₃ 243) = log₅ 5 = 1.
* f) 2log₂(√3). 2log₂(√3) = 2log₂(3^(1/2)) = 2(1/2)log₂(3) = log₂(3).

**8. If f(x) = log₂(x²-4), find f(6) and the domain of f.**

* f(6) = log₂(6² - 4) = log₂(36 - 4) = log₂(32) = 5, since 2^5 = 32.


* For the domain, x² - 4 > 0, so x² > 4. Therefore x > 2 or x < -2.

**9. If g(x) = log₂(x² - 4x + 3), find f(4) and the domain of g.**

* The function is g(x), not f(x). The requested value should be g(4). g(4) = log₂(4² - 4*4 + 3) =
log₂(16 - 16 + 3) = log₂(3).
* For the domain, x² - 4x + 3 > 0. Factoring gives (x-3)(x-1)>0, so x>3 or x<1.

**10. Show that logₓ x = -logₓ (1/x).**


*logₓ (1/x) = logₓ (x^-1) = -1logₓ x = -logₓ x.

**11. Sketch the graph of the given function and identify the domain, range, intercepts and
asymptotes.**

* a) f(x) = log₂(x-3). Domain: x > 3, Range: all real numbers, Intercept: (4, 0), Asymptote: x = 3.
* b) f(x) = -3 + log₁₀ x. Domain: x > 0, Range: all real numbers, Intercept: (1000, 0), Asymptote:
x = 0.
* c) f(x) = -log₁₀(-x). Domain: x < 0, Range: all real numbers, Intercept: (-1, 0), Asymptote: x=0.
* d) f(x) = 3log₁₀x. Domain: x > 0, Range: all real numbers, Intercept: (1, 0), Asymptote: x = 0.

**12. Find the inverse of f(x) = e^(x+1).**

* Let y = e^(x+1). To find the inverse, switch x and y to get x = e^(y+1). Take the natural
logarithm of both sides to get ln(x) = y + 1. Therefore, y = ln(x) - 1. The inverse is f⁻¹(x) = ln(x) -
1.

**13. Let f(x) = e^x. Find a function so that (f o g)(x) = (g o f)(x) = x.**

* The inverse of f(x) is f⁻¹(x) = ln(x). Therefore, g(x) = ln(x).

**14. Convert the given angle from radians to degrees.**

* a) π/6 = (π/6) * (180/π) = 30°


* b) -π/4 = (-π/4) * (180/π) = -45°
* c) -5π/4 = (-5π/4) * (180/π) = -225°

**15. Convert the given angle from degrees to radians.**

* a) 315° = 315 * (π/180) = 7π/4


* b) -40° = -40 * (π/180) = -2π/9
* c) 330° = 330 * (π/180) = 11π/6

**16. Sketch the graph of**

* a) f(θ) = sec θ
* b) f(θ) = 1 + cos x
* c) f(θ) = csc θ
* d) f(x) = sin(x + π/2)
* e) f(θ) = cot θ
* f) f(x) = tan 2x
* These will be standard trigonometric functions and shifted trigonometric functions.

**17. Verify the following identities.**

* a) (sin x - cos x)(csc x + sec x) = tan x - cot x. Expand to get sinx cscx + sinx secx - cosx cscx
- cosx secx. This is equal to 1+ tanx - cotx -1 = tanx - cotx.
* b) sec² x - csc² x = tan² x - cot² x. Since sec²x = 1 + tan²x, and csc²x = 1 + cot²x, then sec²x -
csc²x = 1 + tan²x - 1 - cot²x = tan²x - cot²x.

**18. Given tan θ = 1/2 and sin θ < 0, find cos θ.**

* Since tan θ is positive and sin θ is negative, θ must be in the third quadrant where cosine is
also negative. The identity tan² θ + 1 = sec² θ is useful. (1/2)² + 1 = sec² θ. sec² θ = 5/4, and
sec θ = -√(5)/2. Since cos θ = 1/sec θ, then cos θ = -2/√5 = -2√5/5.

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