LOGARITHMS

LOGAR ITHMS
► I ,OGARl'l'HMIC FUNc1·10N :
SYNOPSIS
Let y = log 0 x ;O < a < l ; or a> l.
Let a, b be two positive real numbers and a 1 . *
The real number x such that a • = b is called
logarithm of b to the base a . It is denoted by
log b.
0

► If a is positive rea 1 number and a * l , then

log a=I. eg: log2 2=4 logJs ✓5 =l
0

► If a is positive real number and a * I , then

y• 1';0 < e<I
log 1 = 0.
0

► If a, m are positive real nwnbers and a * I , then

-
a log• "' -n1• eg·· 2Jog23 -- 3, 5log5 x -- X y•lot.it; O<a< I

► If a , m , n are positive real numbers and a -:t:- 1,

then log 0 ( mn) = log 0
m + Iog 0 n . 0 Domain= (O,oo) = R +
eg: log,!1+ log,,!2+ log,,!3+ .... +log,! n ii.) Range=R,
in) Monotonic function
=logn, ( 1.2.3.....n) = logn!n! =1 iv) continuous function in the interval ( O, co)
► If a, m , n are positive real numbers and a -:t:- 1,
v) y = kg 0 Xis mirror image of y = a x with
then log 0 ( :) = log 0 m - log 0 n respect to y = x.
vi) x = 0( y - axis) is a vertical asymptote to

eg: Io g 3 ( !) + log 3 ( f) = log3( f) vii)

the function y = log a X
Gr:aph intersects x-axis at ( 1,0)
► If a, m are positive real numbers a -:t:- 1 , n is real
log 0 x =0 has only one solution
number, then log 0 ( m") = n log m.
y = loga x,x = aY aremutuallyinverse
0
viii)
eg: 10& 8=10& ('P) =31og22 =3 fimctions
ix) If a> 1; the logarithmic function
If a b m are positive real numbers a -:t:- 1 , b -:t:- 1 ,
' ' y = log " x is an increasing function
then logo m = logb m loga b .
x) If O< a < 1; the logarathmic fi.mction
2
eg: 10&2.10& 9=log3 9 = log3 (3 ) = 2log3 3= 2 y = log a .,· is a decreasing function.
1 ► Graph of function y==a/(x)=lcg,lx l here D =
log1, a= - - .
log,, b R - {o} this graph is syinnwtrical about y- a.xis
,
\
Iog m =
log" m logm
= --
For c, > 1 graph is
,, log,, a log a

► log 0 1. ( m") == 1 log 0 m . eg: log" 81 =1log2 3

► alogx b =blog. "

r• •· For o < a < I graph is
y
► i) a > I; x > 1; x < a ⇒ 0 < loga x < 1
ii) a > 1; X > }; X > a ⇒ ]og X > 1 0

iii) O < a < l; 0 < x < l; x < a ⇒ log x > 1 0

iv) o <a< l; O < x < 1; x >a ⇒ 0 < 1og x < I 0

► TYPES OF LOGAR ITHMS :

i) logarithm s definedto th~ b~se '10_' are called
common logarithms ( or) Bngg s logantlnn .
ii) logarithm s defined to !he bas~ 'e' are ca1led
► i) If a > 1 then Iog N is an increasing function. Natural logarithm s or Napier loganthm s
0

i. e if N ➔ oo then log0 N ➔oo Note: i) loge 10:2.30 3= 23

n''J log e =-1- - -1- - = 0.43429448 ....
to loge
10 2.3025850 9
= 0.43
iit) n ER\ log 10 n = (loge n) x( 0.43)
► i) Common logarithm is the sum oftwo
Common logarithm = integral part+ decunal part
P:ms-
= Characte ristic + mantissa
ii) Characteristic is the positive or negative integral
power of IO
ii) a> 1 ; 0 < XI < X2 ~ logo XI < logo X2
iii) Mantissa is a nonnegat ive decirml fraction
Note: i) If_a > l;loga x <a~ 0 < x < aa iv) The character istic of common logarithm of a
number greater than unity and with only one digit in
ii) If a > 1; logo x > a ~ x > aa
its integral part is zero.
► i) If o < a < 1 then l~N is decreasin g function. ► i) the character istic of the logarithm ofa number
N, with 'n' digits in its integral part is (n-1 ).
That is as N ➔ oo then log N ➔ --oo 0 ii) The characteristic ofthe connnon logarithm ofa
decimalf ractionN with 'n' zerosimm e
diately following the decimal point is - (n+ 1)
iii) The mantissa is the same for the logarithm ofall
numbers which have the same significant figures.
iv) If two numbers N and Mare so related that
N = M x I QP where 'p' is any integer, positive or
0
negative, the logarithm s have the same mantissa
► Ifa, b, care in GP andx> 0 then
i) logx a, logx b, logx C are inA.P
ii) If O < a < 1; 0 < X1 < X2 ¢::;> loga X1 > loga X2
ii) logo x, logb x, loge X are~ H.P.
Note: i) If O < a < 1 , logo x > a ~ 0 < x < aa
► If a, bare relatively prime then logb a is irrationa l
if o < a < I ; logo x < a ⇒ x > aa
ii)
Explanation:_Ifpossible suppose that log; is rational
LOGA RITHJ\fIC IN!EQUALITI!ES
o p .
► i) O <a< 1; 0 < x < 1 ⇒ log X >0 ⇒ logb =-(p
q , q ,E Z )
0

ii) a> 1, x > 1 => log x>O p_

⇒ a= ( b )q ⇒ a 9 = bP
0

iii) O < a < 1; x > 1 ⇒ log 0 x < 0 which is a contradic tion

iv) a> I; 0 < x <I ⇒ log" x < 0

. ... . .. ifa,b are relatively prime then

1ogbo ts
. • •
trrat10nal
 I.I' ~. I_\ 1 '- . ·_ ; \ ·.
-IL. fl -\ . _ I..
LOGARITHMS
i
The least value of log,. a+ log,, h is 2 where W.E-4:(l J- = 4·' · 1, then x Is equal to (ADV- 2013)
1•
►
logl> a> 0 2 log 1 2 2
A. 2 log-' 2 - 8
• X ~ x3 y4 .~ J · 2- lo& 3
1) lo g ( 1 + x) = x - -2 + -3 - -4· + ~
5 + ....... oo '
► 2 log i 3
-l<x~l C . 1- log, 3 D. 2 log 1 3 - 1
1
u) log I - ., - - ., + T~ + T ~
•• ( •) _
X-' [ • X
+ 4
.\' •
+5
X
+ .. .. co
]
' Ans.A,B
- l ~ x<l Sol. 3-'" = 4x- 1
, taking tog 3 on both sides
⇒ x log; = (x - 1) log1 ⇒ x = 2 log; x - log~
iii)log ( ~~ : )= 2[x+ ·~' +·~s + .............] ,lxl<l
⇒
.
x (1- 2 log'.' = - 2 log 3
2) 2⇒ x = 2 log~
, W.E-1: log. (!+ ~J+log.(1+½J+tog,.(1+ :J+ •
2 log 32 - 1
W .E-5 :The value of
1 1
G+log,,,(31 J 31 ✓4 - 3}i J 372······· ]is
... + log (1+--J+ logu (1+--J =
0
n-2 n-1 4 4
- -
Ans: 1-log!
(ADV- 2012)
. 3 4 5 Ans.4
Sol. Given sum = log + logn 3 + log
- - + -
2 ....,n 4
0

.... + log 0
n-1
-- + log 0
--
n Sol. Let ✓4- 31 ✓4- 31 L =y
n- 2 n-1

= log 0
n
2
= log 0 n - log 0 2 = l - log 0 2. :.y= ✓4 - 31y cc:> y'+ 31y- = 4 0

I ⇒ 3✓2y 2 + y-12✓2 =0
•
3 5 1og 5 +
7 1 -1±17 8
W.E-2 . .j-log 10 (0.1) = :. y 6✓2 or Y = 3 ✓2
Ans:2 Now, required value is
Sol We have 510gs 7 =7 and 1 1 8
6+l9g 3 ( ~y)=6+log 3 ( ~. ~)
l 2 3v2 2 3v2 3v2
log 10 -=log 10
10 -I = -log I0 10 = -1
10

:. , 51o,,' + I = ~7 + I =efri =2
=6+logl¾) =6+ logi(~r
,J-log 10 1/10 .Ji
=6-2.logi¾) = 4
W.E-3:The value of 3✓10 gi _ 4 Jiog~ is
Ans:O W.E-6: Let a= log 3 log 3 2. An integer K satisfyi11g

SL log1 l < 2(-k+r ) < 2 i.~

0
3FoJ =3~ Ans:l
Sol. a = log 3 log 3 2 ⇒ 3n = log 3 2

⇒ 3-n = l log 2 3
log 3 2
 IlO\V 2 - k+r" = 2 - k+log/ = 2 - k.2 log / hence n > m
--
= 2-k_ 3(•: alog. x = X) C. m = (l - log 10 2)(1 + log 10 2) = 1- (log, 2 )2
0
and n= l
therefore the inequality 1 < 2( - k+3 " ) <2
m = (log 10 2 + log 10 5) 2 =1
reduces to 1 < 2- k.3 < 2 ⇒ ½< 2 - k < 2 13 :. m = n
D. m = log 2 3; n = log 3 2 ⇒ m > n
or by tak.-ing receipro cals to 3 < 2k < 3
2 ~ ,.E.. tO: Letf(a,b)=
the only integral value ofk which satisfies 1his double
inequality is k = 1. ( Jtog, if,,i; + log, if,,i; - tog, efff+ log, efff JJtog, b
2
~V.E-7: The number N =6 log10 2+/og1031, lies between
two successive integers whose sum is equal to then a11swer the followi,ig questions.
Ans:7 i. If l <a$; b thenf(a,b) equals to
Ans:2
Sol. N = log 10 64 + log 10 31 = log 10 1984
ii) If l < b < a thenf(a,b) equals
:.3<N<4.
Ans: 21ogg
W~E .,,8 :Given that log(2) =0.3010 ...... , number of
digits i11 the number 2000 2000 is iii) The value off(2,3) + f ( 2, ~) equals
Ans: 6603
7
Sol. Let x = 2000 2000 Ans: 2
log x = 2000.Iog10 ( 2000) = 2000 ( log10 2 + 3)
Sol. First we simplify .j1og ¼b + logb ¼b
= 2000(3.3010) = 6602 0

:. number ofdigits = 6603

W.E-9: In which of the following case(s) the real
.J1og 0 ¼b + logb ¼b = ! log 0 ab+ ! logb ab

number 'm 'is greater than the real number 'n '? 1
= -[Ioga a+ logo b + logb a+ logl> b]
A. m = ( log 2 5)2 and n = log 2 20 4

B. m = log10 2 and n = log 10 :iflO

= _!_[log b+ l +2],
0

C. m = log 10 5. log 10 20 + (log 10 2 )2 and n =l 4 log b 0

D.m = log 11 , G) and n = log 11 3 ( ~ )

Ans:~D
Sol A. m-n =(log 2 5}2 -[log 2 5+2]
let log 2 5 = x = _!_(✓log, b + ✓ I J..... (l)
2 loga b
m- n = x2 - x- 2 = (x - 2) (x + 1) similarly

= (log 2 5 - 2 )( log 2 5 + 1) > 0

hence m>n
1
log, i if= + logb ¼(tog,:+ logb :J
B . m = log 10 2 = 0.3010; n ;= = 0.333 ...... ;
3 = ~ .Jlog 0 b -1 + logb a -1
t1 · ~ () I i,.: •.- .
:t . ~ sf• i \ JEE- ADV- JR-M ATHS -VOL - I

1 1
= loga b+ - - - - 2 \ V.E- 11 :The val11es of x for which ,the funct ion
2 log 0 b 2
log 3 ( x - 2x - 3) is defi11ed is
Ans: ( -oo, - l) u ( 3,oo )

2
. I
= _!_ [(log, b )- ✓log
0 b
J'(-_. log b
11
> O) Sol. log 3 ( x
2
- 2x - 3) is define d when

x -2x- 3>0 ⇒ (x-3)(x + l )> O

2

- -I ( loo b
- 2 ~ n
1 b
✓loga
J· ··-(2) +

subtra cting (2) from ( 1) , we get

s=.Jiog a ~ + Iogb ¼b - ✓loga {/b I a + logb ~ a I b (By signnt le) .·. x E (-oo,-1) u(3,co)
W,E•I 2: The value of x, where the logar ithm
=½{✓log, b + ✓10~. b funct ion k~-x2+2"<-4) ( 3) defin ed is
Ans:</>
0 If 1 < a ~ b then
Sol. Here the base is -x 2 + 2x _ 4
loga 1 < log 0 a S log 0 b ⇒ 0 < 15 loga b i.e 2 2
Now -x +2x -4=- (x -2x+ 4)
log 0 b > 1 , Then
=-((x -1)2 +3)< 0-Vx ER Henc ethere isno
value of x for which base >O and base -:t= 1. Thus
no value ofx exists.
W ,E =l l JSolut ion of the equat ion
log 2 ( x -1) + log 2 ( x + 2) = 2
Ans:2
Sol. x-1>0 & x+2>0
We use the logari thm of a produ ct,we get
:. f(a,b) = 2s-✓log. b = 2.
log 2 ( X -1) ( X + 2) = 2
ii) lfl <b<a then
2
⇒ (x-l)(x+2)=2 =4
loga 1 < loga b < loga a ⇒ 0 < logll b < 1
+ X - 6 = Q ⇒ ( X + 3) ( X - 2) = 0 ;
2
X X = -3, 2 .
1 1 }
:. s = _!_{.Jlog 11 b + + .Jlogu b
2 .jlog 11 b .Jlog 11 b Hence , x=2 is the solution. (By using numb er line)
WiE•l4i Sol11tion of the eqllation.
logu 4 ( x -1) ~ log l\+ 4 ( 5 -
2
x) is
( : . x-_!_ =~- xif O<x <l)
X X Ans:2
2
s = ,J1og 11 b x -l.:= 5-x
x 2 -1 > 0
:. f ( a, b) = 2ti..Jioi~ = z1°"· b •
5-x> 0
... (2)
.. i)
lll ft2,3) + r(2 2
2 7/2.
, ~)=2 +2to1h3 /2 = 2 +I==
Sol. x +4 > 0
x+4 ¢l
 Solving the equation, entering system(2), we get:
⇒ X
2 log, 2x -
-
4 ·· (··log
· ,,, "
X = 2-tog
n a
x)
·
x 1 = 2, x 2 = -3. Of these two values only x=2
satisfies the rest of the conditions of system (2).
⇒ Xlog, (2x)2 = 4 ⇒ ( 2X )2= 4
Thus, x=2 is a root of equation (1 ).
⇒ 4x 2 = 4 ⇒ x = 1 ⇒ x = ±1 ·
2
W. E .. 15:Solution of the equation
But neither -1 or I lie in the domain ofthe varia~
- 14log1 6x x +4log4x ✓x =0 is
2 3
logO.Sx X
of the original equation.
1
Ans .. X= -✓ 14
2 "
W.E-17:Suppose that log 10 (x-2 )+ JogJO Y== O
and ✓ x + .Jy-2 = .Jx + y. Then the value
14 log x x + 4logx ✓ x =O
logx x 2 3
of(x+y) is
Sol. logx -x logx 16x logx 4x
Ans: 2+2✓ 2
2
Sol. First equationreduces to
_ 2 __ 14 3 + 2 =0 1
1-y 1+4y 1+2y y(x-2) = 1 ⇒ X =-+ 2 ... (1)
y
where y= log,_ 2
on simplification it reduces to the quadratic
Now, ✓ x +.Jy-2 = + y, .Jx
on squaring both sides, we get
equation.
2y 2 -3y-2=0 ⇒ 2y 2 +4y-y-2 = 0 x+ y-2+2.Jx(y-2) = x+y

⇒ 2y(y+2)-l(y+2) = 0 ⇒ 1 = ,Jx(y-2) ⇒ x(y-2) = 1..(2)

1 Put value ofx from (1) and (2), we get
⇒ (2y-l)(y+2) = O ⇒ y=-or y=-2
2
(~ +2 }y-2)=1 ⇒ 1-; +2y-4 =I
1
⇒ logx 2=-or logx 2=-2
2 2± ✓4+4
⇒ y -2y-1 =0 ⇒ y
2

⇒2 =x 112
or 2 = x- 2
2
y =1± ✓2 ... (3)
⇒ x = 4 or 1
x = 2- 112 = - -
✓2 rejecting y= 1 - ✓2 since it is negative
Hence, the original equation has three roots :. y=l + Ji using(3)in(l)x= 1+ ✓2
1 :.x+y=2+2✓2.
X = ✓2 ,1,4
W.E-18: The number of solutions of
. o f the equation
. xl~2x-4· .Jlog(-x) = logR is
w.E-16
., · :So lu.tmn - .is
Ans:¢ Ans:2
Sol. The equation is valid ifbase>0 and base =1= 1 and
Sol. Since the equation can be satisfied only for x<O
2x>O. hence R =lxl = -x; :. ✓log(-x) = log(-x)
that is, x>O and x =1= 1
Therefore the equation is meaningful for x>O, ⇒ log{-x) =[tog(-x )J
x * 1 or x E (o,CX) ) - {1} ⇒ log( - x)[l-log(-x)]=O
Now we solve the equation x .r. 2x 108
=4 iflog(•x) =0 ⇒ -x =1 ⇒ x =-1
X
log
( X 112 )
2x iflog 10 (-x)=l then-x=l0 ⇒ x=-10·
 . .
W.E-19: Solution of theineqna~' The gi\ -en inequality ~an be written as

log (x- iJ ( x -2x ) > Ois

2
log, ( x 1 -Sx + :23) 3
-- >---
log: jsin xj log 1 jsin x j
AIJS: ( I - ✓2 , 0 ) u (I + ✓2, oo)
As log 2 !sin x i < 0 • we get
Sol. Case(i): By thepropertynote(i),
O < x 2 - 2 x < I and O < x + I< 1 log 2 { x 2 -8x + 2 3) < 3
⇒ x(x- 2 ) >0 and ⇒ x 2 -Sx + 23 < i ~= S ⇒ x - Sx + l 5 < 0
2

x 2 - 2x-1 < 0.and x + l > 0 ⇒ (x - S )( x-3) < 0 ⇒ 3 < x < 5

⇒ x (x - 2) > 0 and 2
" 5)
x - 2x -1 < 0 and x > -1 For x E ( .,, ,x * rr,2· 37t2
'IT

and x<O
we put all the cases on real line
, H ence x E (3, 1t)v( 3; )u(3;
n. . 5)
•
' - 1I 1 - ✓I2 0I
+ I
I I
2
•
1+✓2
. W.E-21 :Let ( xo,Yo) be the solution of the following

.. I equations (2 x )10g 2 = (3 y )1°g 3

⇒ xe (1 - ✓2 , o) 3log x = 2 logy T he n xo = (IIT 2011 )
Case(ii) : x 2 _ 2x > 1 and x + I > I l 1
(A) - (B) -
⇒ x 2
- 2x - 1 > 0 and x > 0 6 3
l
--<l0
4 I f (C) - (D ) 6
1-✓2 1+✓2 2
sol.
:. x e (1+ ✓2 , oo ) (log 2)( log2 + log x) = (log3)(1og3 + log y ) ... (1)
Thus the values of x satisfying given inequality are
(logx)(log3) = (logy )(log2)
given by ( I - ✓2 , 0) u (1 + ✓2 , oo) .
(logx )(log3)
W.E-20:The solution set of ⇒ log y .. ... .... (2)
(Iog2)
2
log 1s .'" x1 (x -8x + 23) > log sm x contains
2
I· I Using (2) in (1)

⇒ (log2)( (log2) 2 -(log3)2) =

Ans: (3, n)u( )u( 3
n, ;
3
; ,5)
Sol. ((Iog3)2-(log2 ) 2 )1ogx
The given inequaity will be valid when
x 2 -8x + 23 > 0 and lsin xi * 0, I ⇒ x=-
1
Now it is obvious that 2
X
2
- 8x + 23 = ( X - 4 )2 + 7 > 0
for all real numbers. Again for second one

x * (2n + 1) ; , and x -:1= mt where n E z

~ :.a\._.,1111■ ,•wtlSlPI t!\'lf!P ,., , tsfl ·a·s:, ili\'f[il I I s:a·,•,,a ■
~ 1111111 .... • --- J

I I __LEVEL-V__ _ 10. If the roots of the equation x2-4x-log2 a=O

are real then
1 1 1 1
(A) a~ - (B) as - (C) a~- (D) a~-
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS 2 8 16 4
1. If 1Q&3=Zlog.,8=3 then log~ 11. The least value of 2k,g00 a-1~0.0l)1,a>l is
(A) ~2 (B) log2 3 (C) lcg4 (D) 1~3 (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 1
2. If a,b,c are distinct positive number different 12. For i= 1 to 6, let loga ( logb ( loge X;)) = 0, where
a,b and c represent every possible different
from 1 such that I,(logha.la&a-logaa)=O then arrangement of 2,4 and 8. The product
abc= x1x 2 x 3 x4 x 6 can be expressed in the form 2N.
(A) 0 (B)e (C) 1 (D) e2 The value of N is
3. The value of l0&2-10&2+log16 2.................oo is A.20 B.28 C.33 D.50
13. If x = -2 then the value of
(A) e 2 (B) ln2+1 (C) ln2-l (D) l-ln2
4. The sum of the series
1 1 1 1
Jog x: J-2log 4x
4 ( 4 (
4
) is
-4 + - - + - - + ......................... + - - is
log2 log4 4 log8 4 log2" 4 (A) 2 (B) -4 (C) -6 (D) -8
3 2
(A) n(n+l) n ( n + l) (2n + 1) 14. If log 3 (x -x -x+l)-log 3 (x-1)
2
(B) - 12
- log 3 ( x + 1) = 2 then the value of x
1 (D) n(n+l) (A) 1 (B) Z (C) 10 (D) 5
(C) n(n +l) 4 15. The solution of the equation

5. The sum of series log(cos1)+log(cos;) log ✓x-1 +_!_log(2x + 15) = lis

2
3 23 15
+log(cos;)+ . ...... +log(cos; )+ log(sin;) (A) -
2
(B)-
2
(C) 5 (D) -
2
is equal to
16. If log 2 x.log 2 i-: + 4 = 0 then xis equal to
(A) U}mx (B) Jog(;,_sinx)
(A)4
1
(B)- (C) -
1
(0)2
1 . 1 2 4
(C) n cosx (D) Iogsmx+T'
2
17. If log3 2, log3 ( 2' -5), log3 ( 2-' -~) are in A.P then the
6. log 2 7 is
A)an integer B)a rational number value of xis
C)an irrational number D )a prime number (A) 1,4 (B) 2,3 (C) 5,6 (D) 5,7
7.. The value of 1<&3 lies in 18. If 2logx a+ logax a+ 3log 0 2_.., a= 0 then x=

(A) (H) (H) (½,¾) (D) (H)

(B) (C) (A) a3
-I
(B) a"T
-2
(C) 0
"T
--4

H log10 3=0.4771then the numberofdigits in 340 19. Solution set of the equation
8.
is
(A) 18 (B)l9 (C) 20 (D) 21 1- log 1 x + llog 2 xi+ 2 = 3 - log 1 x - log 2 x is
9. If x > l,y > 1,z > I are three numbers in GP 6 6

1 1 1
then 1 + 1n x , 1+ 1n Y , 1+ ln z are in A. [ !,I] !,oo) B. [ C. (-oo, !]D.R
(A) A.P (B) H.P (C) G.P (D) A.GP
-. .. •• ,0,.
JJ
! 20. The number of pairs (x .y ) _satisfying the
A) { i- Ji , 2 Ji}
equations log_,.x+ log_,.y = 2 and x~ = 20 +y is
(A) Infinite (B) 2 (C) O (D) 1
21. If logo_, ( x - 2) > logo_o, ( x - 2) then the range of x C) {>} D)None
(A) 2 < x < 3 (B) 4 < x < 6 28. The value of n satisfying
(C) 3 < x < 5 (D) O.Ol <x< O. l
[log 2 I]+ [log 2 2]+ [log 2 3]+ ... + [Iog 2 n] = 1538
22. The solution set of log 2 l4 - 5xl > 2 is
IS
A) 255 B) 256 C) 254 D) 313
(A) (¼,oo) (B) (H) ONE OR MORE THAN ONE ANSWER
29. If f(x) = log 10 (3x 2 -4x+ s), then
(C) (--00,0)u(¼,oo) (D) ( o,¼J (A) Domain offis-R
23. In tl"iangle ABC log~'.'t '~ > I then A belongs to
(B) Range off is [ log,. (131} +co)
(A)(-; ,cost~)) (cost~}~) (B) (C) fis defined in ( 0, +oo)

(C) R CD)(--; .o) (D) range off is ( --00,log,. (131)]

log 0 m = logx logy logz h h. h
30. I f - - = - - = - - t en w 1c of the
24. If log 0 m = x, logb m = y then b b-c c-a a-b' ·
following are true?
J..J l xy (A) xyz = 1 (B) x /'zt = 1
0

(A) (B)
x+ y y-x ( C) x b+c y c+a z a+b = I (D) xyz = x aYb zc
31. The correct statement of the following is/are
x+ y x-y
(C) (D) A. log 3 19. log 117 3 .log 4 1/ 7 > 2
xy xy
B. l9g5 ( 1/ 23) lies between -2 & -1_
25. log 0 x , logb x, loge x are in A.P and x "# I
C. log 10 cos ec ( 160° ) is positive
locrb
then ( ac) oa =
(B) c2 (C) c3 (D) c4
o, log.r, sin(; }log Jsiu~ 5 simplifies to an
(A) C
26. If in a right angle triangle a and b are the in-ational m.unber.
lengths of sides and c is the 32. Consider the quadratk equation
length of hypotenuse and 1
(log 10 8) x2 -(log 10 5) ." = 2 (log 2 10r -x.
c - b :t: 1 c + b :t: 1 then Which of the following quantities a.re
'
logc+b a+ logc-b a = irrational.
A. swn ofthe roots B.product ofthe roots
logc+b a. logc- b a
A) 1 B) 2 C) l /2 D) 4 C.sum ofthe coefficients D.discriminant
1
27. The solution set of the equation 33. If x ('"11J ,Y) - 6 1<1ai -' +11 = 64 then xis equalto
is logx 2. log 2x 2 = log 4 x 2 (A)2 (8)4 (C) 8 (D) 16
a ;x
.•. r•
,,
-

,..
~ .
LOGARITHMS
-~ ..... ·-

34. A solut ion of the S)1 stem of equa tions

\\ t.
1

'
' -
'

Colum n-I
2 5
x' 1• ~ y H 1' and .J;.y = l A. ( logs X) + log5x -X = 1
(A)(l .l) (B) (1,v13) B. (log x 25}2 - 3 logx 5 -]ogx (1 / 5) = 2
+ 401og25x ✓x =0
lvU
3

~.{/3)
2
C. logx/5 ( x )-14 log62Sx ( X )

<C) (D) (
2 -9
D. ( logs x) + logs x + I = logs x_1
35 . .A soluti on of the inequ ality log 0_2 (x - 4) ~-1
2

sntist l~s Colum n-I I

1
(A) l <lxl<2 CB) 2< lxl~ 3 p. x= ✓5 q. x=I
(C) 3 <!xi s; 4 (D) l <lxl~ 3 1
r. X= 5 S. -
x -25
36. The soluti on set of the inequ ality log 2 x+ 3 x < 1
2

cont:nins 40. Column-I

A. f (x) = ✓log 10 x2
(A) (0.1) (B) ( ~
3
,-1) (C) (-1,0) (D) (0,3) B. f(x)= 2 10&.ri( x-l) _x-5

3 7. If Jog_,. ( 6x -1) > logx ( 2x) , then x belon gs to C. /(x)- 2-log 2 l4-5xl
D. /(x)=log_!_ (x -6x+ 12)
2

(A)(¾,:) (B) (¾,-J Column-II

2

(C) (1, -too) (D) ( ½,+oo) p. /(x) < 0for(- -oo,0) u(¾,oo)

l\1AT RIX MAT CHI NG QUE STIO NS

38. Matc h type match the follow ing
q. Doma in f(x) is x~l or x$-l
r. /(x)>0'v'xe(4,oo) I
Colum n-I s. Doma in of f(x) isR
A . If xi and Xi satisfy the equat ion xloglOx =lOOx 41. Column-I
)2
A · x -4 log +log x-4 =v3
3( 3 .T
5 ,,;3
then the value of XiX2 equals
B .Sum of the squar e of the roots of the equat ion B. log"'3 ( sinx+ 2✓2 cosx) ~ 2,-2n ~ x $ 2n

Jog 2 ( 9 - 2") = 3 - X is x+2

C. log 0 _2 - - $ 1
X
I
C.If log 118 {log 114 (log 112 x)) = 3 then xis D. log 2 ( x + 5) = 6 - x
Column-II
D . If log b a= 3, Jog,, c = - 4 and if the value of x p. numb er of soluti ons= 2
q. numb er ofsoluti ons= 3
satisfy ing the equat ion a 3x = cx- is expre ssed in
1
r. numb er ofsoluti ons= 1
the form p I q where p and q are relatively prime s. infinite numb er of soluti ons
42. Column-I
then p+q is 2
A. log.!.2 ( x 3) < 0, then x can be
Colum n-II -
.
p. irratio nal q. rational .
r. prime s. com~os1te B. ~l~~O, then x can be
39. Matc h the equat ions on the left with the values C. log 2 x + log_~2 ~ -2, then x can be
on the right whJch make the equat ion true.
D. log½(½log , x') > O, then x can be
 Column-11 51. The number of solutions of

p. x = 10
3
q. x =- r. X= - -
3 I
s. x=- log2(2-r2)+ tog 2 x..x ·
2 + 1 1~2( x 4) +
logt(l+log x)

43. Co/1111111-I
2 2 2 2
- 3log 1 (togn •
A. 1ogo6 (1og6 x i +
x +4
xJ< 0 2 '2 = } IS
52. If the product of all solutions of the equation

10 ) (2017)x = (2017)1ogx(20t8) can be expressed

2
B. log "is ( x - x+l ~O
3 2018
m
C. log .\ .2 ( 2 + x) < 1 in the lowest form as - then the value of
n

D. logt o . -x- 1 I < 0 (m-n) is

I2x+l 53.The number of integral solution of the equation,
3
4 log_.cf./2 ( ~) + 2 log4x (x
2
Column-I I ) = 3 log2x ( X ) is

p. [0, 1/ 3)u(3,10/3] q.(-2, l)u(2,oo) logx logy logz

54
• H 2a + 3b - 5c = 2b + 3c - 5a = 2c + 3a - Sb
r. (-4,-3)u(8,oo) s.(~, -2)u(O, I)u(l,oo)
then xyz =
INTEGER QUESTIONS PASSAGES
Passage- I
The equation of the furm
ao (logo xf + al (logo xr-• + .... +an= 0

can be solved by letting t = loga x. Now the

· re ducesto aof n + a t n-1 + ..... + a n =
equation Q
1
55. The number of solutions of
(log .. 5)3 -(log.T s)2 -3 log✓:; 5 = O is
46. Let 3° = 4 4b = 5 5c = 6 6d = 7 7c = 8 and
' ' ' ' A.3 B.2 C. 0 D.in:fiaite
gf = 9. The value of the product (abcdef) is
47. If a,b,c are positive real numbers such that 56. The solution set of
alog37 =27 : blog7ll =49 and clog1125 =Ju. log.Ji x + 2 log 2 x + log 112 x = 9 is
The middle digit in the value of
A. {4} B.{8} c.{s, 16} o .;

a
(log37)2
+
b(log7l l) 2
+c
(log 11 25) 2 Jequals to 57. The solution set of (log 5 x)2 + log" ( 5 1x) = l is
(
A.{1 ,5} B.{1, 1/ 25}
48. The value of x satisfying the equation
6 2x+4 = (3 3x )( 2x+8 ) is C.{I,5.1/25} D.{1,5, 1/ 25,1 / 125}
49. The number of solutions of the equation KEY
Ix - 2lio..-' -• = Ix - 21h is SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
l.C 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.C
2 3
50. If logx {log 4 ( logx ( 5x + 4x ))} = 0 then the 7.B · 8.C · 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.D
value of xis 13 .C 14.C 15 .C 16.A 17.B 18.C
19.A 20.D 2 1.A 22.C 23.B 24.B
-- 25.B 26.B 27.A 28.A
ONE OR MORE THAN ONE ANSWER [-.-Jn2=1 -½+½- !+.........]
29.ABC 30.ABCD 31.ABC 4. From given expression we get
32.CD 33.ABC 34.AD 35.B
log i4 + log 44 + 1og 4a + ...... ·· ...... ..... + log2"
4
36.BCD 37.AC
log 22 ( 2 I x 2 2............. .2")
MATRIX MATCHINGOUESTIONS l + 2 + 3 + .............. .. .... n n ( n + 1) (·:log; =1)
38.A-qs, B-qs,C-p,D-qr
2 4
39.A-qrs, B-rs,C-pq,D-s 5. Given expression is
40.A-q, B-r,C-p,D-s
X X
41.A-q, B-p,C-s,D-r log cos-+ logcos-
2 + ......... .
2 2
42.A-p, B-pqr,C-s,D-qr
43.A-r, B-p,C-q,D-s + log cos~+ log sin~+ log 2" - log 2 11

2" 2 11

INTEGER QUESTIONS by adding and subtractiong log 2"

44.6 45.1 46.2 47.6 48.4 49.2
50.5 51.0
f416491 QPEftTIQN&
52.1 53.2 54. 1 logsinx-log2
•
11
r
= log (sinx)
55.B 5:6.B 57 .C m
· 6. Let log 2 7 bearationalnum berequalto - , where
HINTS n
SINGLE .ANSWER QUEST IONS m, n E N and they do not have a common factor
I Then,
1. log! =2 ⇒ 3=a 2 ⇒ a=3 2
logb.8 = 3 ⇒ 8 = b 3 ⇒ b = 2 log 2 7 = m ⇒ 7 = 2m 1n ⇒ 7n = 2m
n
log 0 b = log 3112 2 = log 3 4 Clearly, this is impossible, because 7n is an odd
natural number and 2"' is an natural number.
L(loga _Ioga _ log a)= 0
2.
logb loge loga Hence, log 2 7 is an irrational number.
7. We know that 32 < 20 < 33
L[(loga)'-loga.log b.logc ]=o
2 log; < log;q < 3 log~ ⇒ 2 < log; 0 < 3
⇒ (log a )3 + (logb ) + (loge )3 -3 lpga.logb.loc = 0
3

1 3 1
⇒ log a+ logb +loge= 0 ->log20 >-
⇒ logabc = log!
2 3
⇒ abc=l 8. Let y == 340
3. 1og42 - I0 gs2 + log16
2
....... ·· log{~== 40log:o == 40 x 0.4771 == 4 x 4.771 =19.084
1 2 1 2 1 2 Here cha= l 9 ⇒ number of digits= 20
=-log 2--log2+-log 2................. . 9.
2 3 4 As x,y,z are in GP ⇒ lnx, lny, lnz are in AP
1 1 1
⇒ 1+Inx. 1+lny, 1+lnz are in AP
=---+- ....................... . 1 1 1
2 3 4
1+ ln x ' 1+ In y ' 1 + In z are in HP
10. GE xi -4x-log; ==0
All roots are real b ~ 0
16 + 4 log2 a ~ 0; 4 + log2 a~ 0
log2 a ~ -4· a > 2-4
'.' 1 ~:~·1 Jlff ~ . . , - ⇒ a~l/16
·a '\ .Y., -JKW..t~~
I - I -4
p = - .-
2 3
,- 1
1z. log 0 (log" (log .. X 1)) =0 - I - I ~
[f I' = - ⇒ log x = - ⇒ x ::i a ·
· 2 2°
⇒ .r,=cb for i = l, 2, 3, 4,5,6 possib le . ,j
..
- l -4
arrangement of(a,b,c ) are (2,4,8), (2,8,4), (4,2,8), If 11 = - ⇒ log x ::i - ⇒ x=aJ
~ 3 " 3
(4,8,2), (8,2,4) , there·fore x 1 = 84 = i1 2
19. Let a = l - log 1 x and b =- log 2 x and c = 2
· -4 -- 216 ' X3 -o
·' 2 -
8
_,..s x·
_o2 _"'6 ' X<l -L.
-L. ' 3=
42 = t ,. t
'"'11 = 6
then given equation reduces to
,. " X X X
· · · ·, .·1· 2"'J'' 4· 5· 6
= 212+16+6 +8+4+4
la+b+cl = lal+lbl+icl = lal +lhl+c
= 250 :. N = 50 (since c>O)
13. By substut ing x = -2, the given express ion value This ·equality take place when a,b,c all have same
become s -6 sign, since c>O therefor e we must have a ?:. 0 and
14. GE b?:. O ⇒ I-log I x?:. 0 and -log 2 x?:. 0
log 3 ( x -1) ( x -1 )- log 3 ( x -1 )- log 3 ( x +I) = 2
2 6

⇒ log x ~ l and x ~ 2° ⇒ x?:. .!.6 and x ~ l

log3[(x -l)(x2 -1)]=2 !6
(x-l)(x +l)
log 3 ( x - I) = 2 ⇒ x = 10
equati on is possib le when
15. Given logy x+ log" y =2 ⇒x = y
x-1 > 0, 2x + 15 > 0 · 20.
x,y:;cl
on simplif ication given equatio n becom es
substitu te the value y= x in the equatio n
~ (x-1)(2 x+l5) =10 2
x =20+ y ⇒ x -x-20= 0
2

23 . 1s. (x-5)(x+4)=0 ⇒ x=5 (·:x;ie-4 ) :.y=S

Which gives x = 5, x =- poss1'bles~ 1ut10n
2 existing nwnber ofpairs.
x=5 21.
16. By verification x = 4 satisfies given equatio n 21og0 _1 (x- 2) > log 0 _1 (x -2)
17. Use 2b = a + c we get (x-2)2 <(x-2) ⇒ (x-2)[:c-2-1]<0
2 2 (x-2)(x -3)<0; 2<x<3
(t-5) =2(1-~ } t -]0t+2 5=2t-7
2
22. From the given inequality we get
t -12, +32 =0; (t-4)(t -8)=0
t = 4 or 8
l4-5xl >4 ⇒ !Sx-41 > 4
⇒ either 5x - 4 > 4 or 5x - 4 < -4
If/ = 4 2x = 4 ⇒ X =2
Jf f =8 2x = 8 ⇒ X =3 ⇒ either x < 0 or x > ~
5
18. Put log,x =P
23. Given inequality; log 0_1 cos A > l ⇒ cos A< ~
1
GE ~+ - - +- - =0 ⇒ 6p 2 +llp+4=0
1 3
( ·: logarithmic function is decreasing)
~ JJ l+p 2+p

; .. u, . . .. ' .,
,,. ..
~ .~
..... ., "'
 ONE OR MORE THAN ONE ANSWER
- 1
A>cos 1 -
10 29. Given f(x) = logio (3x 2 -4x+ 5), here f(x) is
1 1 ~y defined 3x 2 - 4x + 5 > 0
logm =----- --=
1 1 Which is true for every x R
24. ba l ogm-
a l ogm
b y-x E

X y Domain of f(x) isR

2 1 1 also / is defined in ( 0, +oo)
--=--+--
25 · log~ log~ log~ To find range of .f .i=
Let/(x) = y
log~ .log~ _ 1 ac
2. b - og x 11
logx log 10 ( 3x 2 4x + 5) = y, ⇒ 1QY ~
-
3
c
2
= ( ac) logba ⇒ y log 10 :2: Jog(131) ⇒ y <'. log10 (131J
26. c2 =a2 +b2
Range of f ( x) is [ log10 (1 1
00
3 ). )
c2-b2 =a2
logx =logy= logz; logx=k(b-c)
2 _ _ b-c
( c + b) (c - b) = a 30
c-a a-b
logy =k(c-a); logz = k(a-b)

⇒ loga
(c+b) + loga(c-b) = 2 T=xyz
let logT = logx +logy+ logz
substituting the above values we get T= 1 .·. xyz = 1
1 1 similarly we can prove the other results.
⇒ ---+--- 2
log~+b log~-b . 31. A) log 4 19
(since log 4 16 = 2 hence log 4 19 > 2
B) logs 1/ 5 ;== _-1 and logs 1/25 = -2
so logs I/ 23 lies between -1 and -2
27.
4x
1og2 = 1ogx.
2 1
og22 x
C) since sin 160° < 1 ( cos ec 160° > 1)
Hence number and base on same side of unity j
I
log;+ I = I + log; 32. Quadratic equation
(J log 102}x 2 -(log 10 5- l)x -2 log 10 2 == 0
⇒ 2 =(Iog~)2 i
sum= log10 5 -1 _ log 10 1O- log 10 2-1 _ -~
⇒ ±✓2 =log; 3log,o 2 - 3log 10 2 - 3

2 ± ✓2 -2log 10 2 2
⇒ x= product== = --
3 log10 2 3
28. 1.0+2.(1)+2 2 (2)+2 3.{3)+ ... + n.2" = 1538
sum of coefficient= 2 log 2
10
⇒ n = 255
discriminant= 25 (log,o 2 )2
 LOGAR

; 3. Put ~x=y Case B: If 2x + 3 > I

⇒ x>-1 ........... ............ (5)
x =2·' . 2 -~;.2+IJ y =2 6 ; Y- 6y 2 + lly- 6=0
logi,. 3 x 2 < I ⇒ x 2 < 2x + 3 or
_\" =}, )' = 2, y = 3 ; X = 2, X = 4, X = 8 x 2 -2x-3<0 or (x-3)(x+l)<0 .. .... ...... (6)
34. Given equations ⇒ x e(-1,3)

x•· 1 = -"·z•' ·····............... ( l) From(l),(2),(5) and(6); xe(-1 , 0)u(0,3)

1
, f; ·.v = 1 => J' = -E- ········(2) Hence x e (-½ ,-1)u (-1 , 0)u (0 , 3)
Apply log on both sides; log_., x - y = log)' x + y 3 7. Discuss the cases o < x < J , x > 1 and removing
(x - y ) Iogx =(x+ y) log y .............. .(3) lo garitbems using definition
logx ( 6x -1) > logx ( 2x)
-1
log y = logx ..... (4)
2 1
xi 6x -1 > 0, 2x > 0 ; x>-,x>O
6
Solving (3) and ( 4)
Case:1
We get solutionofsystemofequa tions
1
⇒ x>-
x > l ⇒ 6x -1 > 2x ⇒ 4x > 1 4

35. Given inequality log 02 ( x -4) ~ -1

1

~
I
0
,:r
1 1

again x -4 > 0 ⇒ lxl> 2 .........(2)

2 6 4

⇒X >I ; XE (1, + 00)

⇒ x2 -4~ (02r ⇒ x2-4~5
1

Case:2
⇒ x2-9~0 ⇒ xe(-3,3] ⇒ lxl~3 ..............(l)
1
From (1) and (2) we get options B and D x >l ⇒ 6x-I <2x ⇒ 4x<I ⇒ x<-
4
3.r -4x +( 5-10>' ) = 0 By using number line

x =
2± ✓3. IO " -11
6
xE(¾, !) ;Options:A,C
MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
36. ~ -d.i<l
x2 >O ⇒ xe(-oo,O)u(0,00) ........(l)
38. A) log 10 10 2 x = log 1OOx = 2 + log 10 x

2x < 3 -:# 1 ⇒ X -:# -1 .............. .......... (2) put logx= t

case: A:. If O < 2x + 3 < 1 t2 =2 +t ⇒ t2 - t - 2 =0

i.e - 3 <x<-Itben. ...... ............. (3) ⇒ (t - 2 )( t + 1) = 0 ⇒ t = 2 or t = -1

2
x = I 00 or x = I / 10
log 2z•-3 x2 < I ⇒ x 2 > 2x + 3 or
x2 =2x-3 > Oi.e(x-3)(x+ 1) > 0 ........... (4) B) log 2 (9-2x)=3-x

⇒ x e (-oo,- t) u(3,oo)
2(3 -.r) =9 - 2'" ; 8x = 9 - 2t· put 2-'" =t
2
from (I) and (2) (3) (4); x e(-:.-1 J 8 = 91 -t 2 ⇒ t 2 -9t + 8 = 0
I . - ~- - --------- - - - ---
_ +_ve_ _ ,.__-v_o_ _,.__ _ _..e ➔"'Y 7
⇒ (1 -8 )(r - l) = 0
-I oo
t = 8 or t = 1 ~ 2' = 8 0 1· 2' = I
f( x) isolwnyspositivo
X =3 O l'X = 0
l og ✓ (,1:
/ ( x) = 2 · 2
1)
Tl: ·- x -5
. . log i(x - 1)
.f( x ) > 0 ⇒ 2 22 - x - 5>0
2
(x - 1) - x - 5 > 0 ~ x " - 3x - 4 ::.-- 0
}
(4 )ld = log 112 x;
} = log
2
112 x; ⇒
( 1 )l/2= x;
2
·I· V(.' - ve •I· ve
•
r /j
- 00 - I 4

... .-x =I - x< - 1(or)x > 4 ⇒ f( x ) > 0 '1'x e (4,,..f.- )

✓ 2

D) Given logb a = 3, logb c = -4 Ill: f(x)=2-log 2 14 - 5xl ; .f(x) < O

Given , .a 3x = xx-1 2-1og 2 14 - 5xl < 0 ⇒ 2 < log 14- Sxl 2

3xlogb a= (x-l)logh c ⇒ l4-5xl > 2 ⇒ l4 -

2
5xl > 4
3xx3 =-4(x-l) ⇒ 9x=4-4x ⇒ x=4ll3 ⇒ 4-5x<-4(or) 4-5x > 4
39. log 5 x=t 8
⇒ 5x > 8 or 5x < O ⇒ x > - (or) x < 0
., l-t 5
a)r+-=l
l+t
⇒ t + t + 1- t = l + t ⇒ t 3 + t 2
3 2
- 2t = 0
(--oo,O) u(! ,oo)
⇒ 1 =0 , l , -2 ⇒ x=l,5,l/25
IV: f ( x) = log(½) (x 2 - 6x + 12)
4 3 1 2 1
b) - ., --+-=2 ⇒ ---=0.
r ⇒ log(½/x -6x+l2) <0
2 2
t t t t If f(x)<O
., 1
⇒ r +t-2 = O ⇒ t =l,-2 ⇒ x=5,- ⇒ x - 6x + 12 > 1 ⇒ x 2 - 6x + 11 > 0
2
25
Clearly this inequality ho Ids Vx e R
2t 42t 20t O
c) t -l - 4 + t + t + 2 = f (x) = log(½) (x2 -6x + 12)
t = 0, t = 2, t =-I/ 2, ⇒ x = 1, 25, 1I ..fs
Clearly x 2 -6x + 12 is always po s iti ve
-9 3
d) t 2 + t + J = - ⇒ t -1. = -9 (since 6 < 0, a> 0)
t-1
⇒ t=-2 ⇒ x=1125 :. Domain off (x) is R.

40. I:- f(x) =✓lCY?,10:i 41. I:-Putle>&ix = y ⇒ 3y '+ 5y 2 -2=0

Clearly y = l, satisfies
log~2 ? 0 ⇒ x2? J ⇒ {x - l){x+ I)~ 0
(y + 1)(3y 2 +2y-2)=0
:. Number of solutions= 3
 Il:-Sinx+2✓2 cosx~3 2 2
x +xJ x +x
1 2✓ 2 43. A) log6 ( x+4 > 1 <:=> x+4 > 6
- sin x +--co s x ~ I
3 3 2

Sin(x+ a)~I , Tana=2 ✓2 <:=>x +x 6>0

x+4
ff 3ff
Sin( x +a ) =l ⇒ x+a= -, - - <:=> (x+
3
)(x-B) > 0 <:=> -4 <x <-3,x > 8
2 2
x+4
r;::; 3ff r;::;
ff
=2 -I
-Tan 2'12 , - - tan - 1 2v' 2
x
2 B) log_!_ (x
2
- !Q x +
3
1) ~ 0
Sinx+2✓ 2 cosx > 0 25

Sin(x+a )>O, Tana=2 ✓2 ⇒ 0 < x 2 - !Q x + I s 1

3
x+2) x+2
x+2
ID: log 2 ( - _- s 1 ⇒ - - > 0, - - ~ (0.2) ⇒ -oo < x < 1/ 3 or 3 < x < oo
X X X
and Os x s 10 / 3
x+2 1
⇒ x(x+2)>0,--~- Thus Os x < 1/ 3or 3 < x s 10 / 3
x 5
5 C)logx2 (2+x)< logx2 (x 2 )
⇒ X ( X + 2) > 0, X ~ -
2 Thus, either

I -2 - 0
r
5 co ;
2 2
x > 1, 2 + x < x , 2 + x > 0 or
2 2
0 < x < 1.2 + X > x '2 + X > 0

2 ⇒ x e (-2,-1) u(2,oo )u(-1,0 ) u ( 0,1)

:. Infinite number of solutions.
IV: log 2 (x+ 5) = 6-x D)l;x--;_\i <1 ⇒ -l < ;x--;_\ < 1
⇒ x+S = 2 ⇒ x+5 = 6 x-1 x-1
6
- x ~:; (x+5)2x = 2 ⇒ --+1>0 and- - 1<0
2x+l 2x+ 1
x = 3 satisfies the equation 3x x+2
:. Number of solution s= 1 ⇒ --> O and- -> 0
2x+l 2x+l
2
42. I: log 112 ( x - 3) < 0
⇒ x e (-oo,-2) u(O,l) U (l,oo)
x
2
..:_ lxl > ✓3 ⇒ x 3 > 1
3> 0 ⇒ 2
-
INTEG ER QUESTIONS
x -4 > o ⇒ lxl > 2 ; x > 2, x < -2
2
44. log✓2 ✓7 - ✓3 + log 2 l O+ 2£1
II: log jxl ~ 0 and jxl > 0 ; lxl ~ 1
2
log 2 l0-2.fi i + log 2 lO+ 2£1
1
ID: t+-s-2 and t<O 1~216=4
t
log;< O ⇒ x < 1 ( 92) log9 5 + 33 logrl6 25 + 6✓6
45
& x > 0, x :t: I ⇒ x E ( 0, I) · 409 = 409
&· 7log 1 25-53 .-2~.log. s =25-6 ~2 =25-6"r,
6
IV: ½log x 2
2 2
< 1 & log 2 x > 0 & x > 0
2

. R. V= 625 - 216 =l
2
x < 2 2 & x 2 > 1 & x :t: 0 .. 409
x E ( -2, 2) & > 1 & x :t: 0 jxj 46. 3" = 4. a= log 3 4; similarly; b = log 4 5 etc.
hence abcdef = 2
⇒ X E ( -2, - }) U (], 2)
or• •~47 T. =
I
a(log3 7)(1og; 7) = 27logl 7 = 3 J log ) 7 = 343
4 . .! tog 2 (x) 4log 2 (x) 9log 2 (x)
T. = iog7 I l}(log 7 11 ) = 1og7 I I = 2tog7 l l = ] 21 2 + )
49 7 log2 x - l 2 + log2 ( x 1 + log 2 ( x)
2 I
½ = c (tog11 25)(1og1125) = ( ✓11)log1125 = 1/081125 = 5 let log 2 x =I
... Slll11 = T l + T 2 + T3 = 4 69
48 . 62x+4 = (Y-" )( 2x+S) ⇒ 62x x 64 = 2T X 2x X 28 }!__ + ~ = J!__ ( hence either t= 0)
t-l 1+2 l+l
x =4 24 9
+--=-
49. /x- 2/'0x"-l =/x-2/ x 3
or t - I I+ 2 I + l
2
1Ox -1 = 3x (or) x - 2 = 0 ⇒ 6t2 + 61 = 912 + 91 -18 ⇒ ( I + 3) ( I - 2) = 0
10x 2 -3x -I =0 ⇒ (5x +1)(2x -l) hence t = 0, t = 2, t = -3 ; x = I, x = 4 '
-1 I x = 1/ 8 (rejected ... x is not integral value)
X =5 ,X =2 (or) X - 2=0 ⇒ X =2 2
( t-2)
⇒ --'----<0 ⇒ t <1 ⇒ logx < I ⇒ x <e
50. V·l e have, logx {log 4 ( log-" ( 5x 2 + 4x 3 ))} = 0 t-1
But x >O ⇒ x E ( 0, e)
⇒ log 4 ( logx ( 5x 2 + 4x 3 )) = x 0
⇒ log x ( 5x 2 + 4x 3 ) = 41 54. log;+ log;+ log: =
k{(2a+3b-5c )+(2b +3c-5a) +(2c+3a-5b) )}
⇒x (x -4x-5) = 0 ⇒ x 2 (x-5)(x+l) = 0
2 2

⇒x =5 [ ·. · x :;t: 0 and x > 0] =k(O)

5 I. y 3 + 3y 2 + 3 y +I= I where y = log2 x ⇒ log; =0
⇒ y ( y 2 + 3 y + 3) = 0 ⇒ xyz =I
PASSAGE
⇒ y = Oor y +3y+3 = 0 ⇒ x
2
=I (rejected);
2 55. x > 0 , x :;t: 1. Put logx 5 = t to obtain
y + 3y + 3 has complex roots. . . .
Hence there is no value of x satisfying given t3 _ ,2 - 6t =0 ⇒ t (t2 -t - 6) = 0
equation.
(2017)x = .( l0l 7)logx(20l8) ⇒ t(t-3)(t+2)=0 ⇒ t=0,3,-2
52
· 2018
⇒ 5 = x , x , x-2 ; But 5 = x 0 is not possible.
0 3
taking log on both the sides on base x
Iogx ( 2017) + 1-logx ( 2018) =logx ( 2018).logx ( 2017)
56. 2t + 2t - t = 9 where t == log x
2
Iog x (2017)[1-logx (2018)] + [1 .-logx (2018)] = 0
⇒ t = 3 or x == 8
[ 1+ Iogx ( 2017) ][1- logx ( 2018)] =0 1-t
57 P 1
. ut og 5 x==t; t +-=l ⇒ t 2 +t 3 +l-t=l+t
2
1 2018 l+t
⇒ x = - - or x = 2018, product = - -
⇒ t +f
3 2
2017 . 2017 =0 - 2t
⇒ (m-n)=J ⇒ t(t-l)(t+2)==0 ⇒ x==l,5,1/25
53. The given equation can be written as

410 g 2 ✓ x + 2 log 2 (x ) = 3 logi.( x3 )

2

log 2 ( x 12) log 2 ( 4x) Jog 2 ( 2x)

 ..... .-~
-
-.-:i--
u ·LE V EL-VI 9. If I + log 2 ( I - cos 2.r ) ~ log,1 2 then minimum
vnluc of slnx Is
SINGLE ANS\VE R QUEST IONS
I I 3 3
t.
16 25 81
7 1og1 0- +S log10- +3 \og l o -8Q equnls to
(A) 78 (B) "?i's (C) ?i's ( D) ~
15 24
10. The solution set of th e c quntlon
(A) logH, 2 (B) log 10 3 (C) log 10 5 (D) zero 2
log 10 (3x •i· l 2x + 19) - 1og 10 (Jx+ 4) ~ 1 Is
2. If 1~ 2 27=a, then l~,16=
(A) a null vec to r (B) a singleton

(A) 4 ( -3+a) (B) 4

3-a)
(~ (C) a set consisting ofcxact ly t wo c le ments
(D ) a set consjst ing of more than t wo clements
3- a :n. Solution of the equation
(C) 2 ( -3-a ) (D) 2(3+ a ) log 3 ( x
2
- 3x - 5) = log 3 ( 7 - 2x ) is
3+ a 3- a
(A) 4 (8) -3 (C) 5 (D) -2
3. If log 2 3 = a , log 3 5 = b and log 7 2 = c, then
12. If 5 x & 2 + 2' 0 & x = 24 then x is
10
the logarithm of the number 63 to base 140 is
(A) 9 (8)4 (C)49 (0 )64
1 + 2ac I-2ac
(A) 2c + abc + l (B) 2c - abc - J 13. If log (2 ...,. 3) ( 6x 2 + 23 x + 21)
2
= 4 - lo g( J,.,. 7 ) (4 x + 12 ,t + 9)
l-2ac 1+2ac
.b_c_+_l
(C) _2_c_+_a_ then the value of - 4x is
(D) 2c-abc- l
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 ( D) - 1/ 4
4. If log3 x-l 2x > 1 then x E 14. Solution of the equation

G,; J
2 2
log 3x+ 4 ( 4x + 4x + 1) + log 2 _,+ 1 ( 6x + I Ix + 4) = 4
(A) (~ , ; J (B)
1 I 3
( A) - (B) - (C) - (D) - 1
4 2 4
(C) G,1J (D) (1,oo) 15. The number of solutions of the equation
(x2 - 8 ;1: + ts)
5. If x , y, z are distinct positive numbers each lx-31 (x- 2) =l is
different from '1' such that (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D)4
(1~ x.le>& x-log,. x) + (logxy.le& y-logyY) + 16. If (xi,y 1 ) and (x2 ,yi) are solutions of the
system of simultane ous equations
(1~.z.logx z -l~z)=O . Then xyz is
(A) 1 (B)0 (C)-1 (0)3 log 8 ( xy ) = 3 log 8 x. log 8 y

I _ I _ • I 410 g ( ~ ) = log 8 x
6. If y = a l - logux and z = QJ-log,. y then XIS equa to a y logs y
I I
(A)a1+J~gaz (B)Q 2,, l;g" z (C)a1-Jog"z (D)a2-1~~ then x 1x 2 + y 1y 2 ec1uals to
(A) 4 (B) 6 ( C) 2 ( D) 8
7. If log,o 2 =0.30J0,lo gw3 = 0.477lthen the number 2
x + 6x + 9 ( )
of integers in 5 200 are 17. If log,,2 2( x+ I) < - log 2 x + l then x
(A) 120 (B) 145 (C) 160 (D) 140
belongs to the interval
8. If x = logs 1000 'y = log1 2058 then
(A) ( - t,1 + 2 ✓2) (B) (2,1 - 2 ✓2 )
(A)x >y (B) x<y (C) x = y (D) x2 = 2y
(C) ( - \, ,~ ) (D) (2 + 2 ✓2, 0-J )
 18. Th e solution
_____________ ________
set of the inequal ity
;,

25. If logo x
·- -- -
= a , logb x = fl, loge x = Y
logJ ( x
2
- 2) < log _,( ¾!xi- 1) is log x
ti
= c> ' x ~ I and a,b,c,d> 1 a~

then loga,,cd Xis I

(A) (-2,-"12 )u (✓2.2 ) (B) ( 2, ✓2 ) u(✓3 , 3)
a+jJ+y +tS a+/J+y +o
(A) ~ 16 (B) 2: 16
(C) (1, 5 / 4 ) (D) (2, 2 + ✓2)
19. If log 1,..: {xJ + s) - (0.5) log 02 (x 2 + 4x + 4) $ log _ ( x + 58) 1 1
then x is
02
(C) a - ' + fr' + _, + ~1 (D) ajJyi5
7
(A) [0, 9] (B) [9, oo ) (C) [- 9 , 0) (D)( -oo, 0) 26. If S = {x : .J1ogx J3x ,where log 3 x > - 1} then
2
20. If log C' ' -•,'; •" ) ( log, ; ) > O then x belongs to
(A) S is a finite set (B) S = ¢

interval
(C) S~(O,oo)
(A ) ( 2, 6 + ✓6) u (lO,oo) (B) ( 2 , 6- ✓6) u(lO,oo) (D) S properly contains (½,oo)
(C ) (6✓6+ ✓6)u(10, oo) (D) (6- ✓6 , 10) 27. If Ix - 1j 10g 3 .:c2-Zlog! = (x- I )7' then
21. The set of value of x for which ( A) x = 81 (B) x = 2
(C) two real solutions of'x' are possible
log -4x2+12x-S j4x -51 >0 is .
I
(D) x = -
(A ) (1,5/ 4)u(5 / 4,3/2) (B) (1,%)u( %,2) ✓3_
28. It is given that x=9 is a solution of the equation
(C) (1,514) (D) (%, :) 2
In ( x + l 5a 2 ) - In ( a - 2) = In (
8
ax ) then
a-2
MORE THAN ONE ANSWER (A) a=3 (B) a=3/5
x( y +z -x) y (z +x-y) z(x+ y -z) (C) Other solution is x=3/5
22. If 1ogx logy logz then (D) Other solution is x= 15
·
(A) x yy .r = y"zY (B) y zz y =xzz x 29. The equation ✓l + log:r J27 log 3 x + 1 = O has
(C) x =zY = y =z.r (D) x yy .r =zxx z A. no integral solution B. one irrational solution
C. two real solutions D. no prime solution
log? x Iog 2 y _ log 2 z ·
23. If - = - k and x 3 y 2 z =1 .30. Solution to the inequali ty
4 6 3
then
k is equal to 1 I
log 112 ( x ~ 1) ~ - - -- -
3 log X ~ -:c 8
(A) -8 (B) -4 (C) 0 (D) log 2 ( ~ )
2 6
24.. Ifx, y, z simultan eously satisfy the equation s (A) x>2 (B) x=2 (C) xe(0,I) (D) XE(I,¾)
log2 x + log 4 y + log 4 z = 2,
31. Solution of the inequali ty
Iog 3 y + Iog 9 z + log 9 x = 2, log 2 2( x -1) - log 0 _5 ( x -1) > 5
la& z + log16 x + log16 y =2 then
(A) ( 5, oo) (B) ( 6, oo)
9 64
(A) xy =
4
(D) x + y + z
(B) yz = 36 (C) zx=
= xyz
9 (C)(l+~,3) (D) (2,3)

NARAYANAGROUP
~. ' i! :
1i : ..
I
, f11 \ •

I LDGARITH~ l~ ~
•
ASS EHTI ON-Rf◄:ASONJNG QlJESTIONS MATRIX MATCHJN <; QUESTIO NS
Statement I and II are given In each of the 38. COLUMN-I
questions in this section. Your answer should
be as per the following pattern: J log,i 3 Ix - 21 .
(A) If both statement I and II are correct and (A) I (x) = lxl is defined for x belongmg
11 is a correct reason for I
to
(8) If both statement I and II are correct and ( B) domain of the function
II ia not a correct reason for I
loglfi (x - 5x+ 16}] is
2
(C) Statement I is correct and statement JI is f(x) = log [ l -
false
(0) Statement I is false and II is correct.
32. Statement I: The equation
(C) f(x) =(✓log 05 (.x2-7x+ 13) r ls defined for
x belongjng to
lng ,( lu1.1 1 x)
= Jog2 x - ( log 2 x )2+ l
(~ x ·)
9 has only one
solution
(D) domain of the function I (x) = log _
1_
Statement 11: ak¥ax =x and ~x'' =nlcg,x where
x> O is
33. Statement I: If n is a natural number greater COLUMN-J I
than l such that n= p~'p;i ..... ......... ....... p:• p . [1,2) q. {-2,1) r. (2,3) s. (3,4) t . (2,3)
39. COLUMN-I
where p 1 , p 2 • •• • • • ••• ••• p* are distnict primes and
(A) If log 34 5lies in the interval (a,b), then
a ,, a 2, ...... ....... ... a k are positive integers, then
logn ~ klog2 (B) If log 300 4lies in the interval (a,b), then

Statement II: lcg.,x>kg,y where x > y and (C) If log 400 3 lies in the interval (a,b), then
a > 1. COLUMN-I I
(p) [10a+10bJ=8 , where[.] denotes the
34. Assertion(A ): If logelog 5 .J(2x-2)+3 =0, greatest integer function
then the value ofx is 3. (q) (10a+10b)=5 , where(.) denotes the
least integer function
Reason(R) : If logb a= c, then a=cb but
(r) [6b-3a]=2 where[.] denotes the
a:;t:0, b>O,b:;t:l greatest integer function
(A)A (B)B (C)C (D) D (s)[10a+10b ]=3 where[.] denotes the
35. Assertion( A): If a=y2, b=z 2 , c=x 2 then greatest integer function
8logax 3.lo~.logcz3=27 (t) (6b-3a)=l, where(.) denotes the
least integer function
Reason(R): log~a.logcb=logca, logba- loga b 40. COLUMN-I
(A) The number of solutions ofthe equation
(A)A (B) B (C) C (D) D
log 10 ( 3x + l 2x + 19 )- log 10 ( 3x + 4) = 1 is
2

36. Assertion(A ): If x 10
g, (i -x)2 =9, then x= -2
(B) log Js ( 4-< - 6)- log.rs ( 2r -2) = 2 is satisfied by
Reason(R): a 108· 6 = b, if a>O and a :;t: 1
(A)A (B) B (C) C (D) D x whose number is
37 . Assertion(A ): The equation (C) the number of solutions of the
equation log 3 ( 3-• - 8) = 2 - x is
=log(J+s' ) ( 15 + ✓x ) has no solution.
2
log J _ ( 5 + x )
2 ~~ . (D) The number of values of x that satisfy the
2
Reason(R): log a m = 2m log jaj 'v a > 0 equation 2 log 1 ( x - 2) + log 1 ( x - 4 )2 = O is
and m E N COLUM N-II
( A)A (B) B (C) C (D) D p. 0 q. 3 r. 2 s. 4 t. l

' '

\
41. COLUMN-I 4
50. If X == satisfies the equation
(A) The solution set of log 100 Ix+ YI=_!_, 9
2
2
log 10 y- log 10 lxl= log 4 is
loga( x 2 -x+2) > loga(-x + 2x+3 ) ,
100

(B) The solution set of 4 log ; x + 1 = 2 log 2 y then the sum of all possible distinct values

and log 2 x 2 :2: log 2 y of[x] is (where[.] represents the greatest

(C) The solution set of log 4 x- log 2 y = 0 and integer function) ..... . .
2
x -5y +4
2
=0 PASSAGE QUESIONS
COLUMN-II Passagel :
An equation of the form
(p) { ✓2 , 2} (q) {1, 1} (r) {-10,20}
2mlog f(x)
0
= log g(x),a > 0,a * 1,m EN
0

(s) {4,2) (t} {1t 230} f(x) > 0

{ 1 2,,, ( x) = g ( x) is equivalent to the
INTEGER QUESTIONS system.On the basis of above information,
42. If ( xpy1 ) and ( x 2 ,y2 ) are the solutions of the Answer the following quesions :
simultaneous equations x+y=12and 51. The number of solutions of
2
2 loge 2x = loge ( 7 X - 2 - 2x ) is
2(21ogy2x -log1,xY)=5 then X1X2-YiY2 is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) infinite
equal to
52 The number of solutions of
43. The number of solutions of the system of . •
In 2x= 2 In(4x-15) is
6
equations y =I+ log 4 x,xY = 4 is (A) 0 (B) I (C) 2 (D) infinite
44. The number of values of x E [ 0, nff], n E / that 53. The number of solutions
log ( 3x 2 + x - 2) = 3 log ( 3x - 2) is
satisfy loglsinxl (1 + cos x) = 2 is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 0
45. The value of x satisfying the inequality
54. solution set of the equation

[~ (Jx'--m" +llx--6+2) +kg,(1--J-x' +&'-!Ix-HS)] 2

log(x3 +6 ) ( x -1) = log( 2 :c2 +s:c) (x -1) is
2

(A){-2} (B){l} (C){3} (D){-2,1,3}

:2: O is /are 55. Solution set of the equation
46. The number of integers satisfying the
inequality 3 (5/2) log1 (12- 3x) _ 3logi > 83 is log ( x - 9) + 2 log ✓2 x -1 = 2 is
47. The number of integer values of x satisfying (A){¢} (B){ 1} (C){2} (D){l3}
theinequality 2x+l<2log 2 (x+ 3) is Passage 2:
48. The product of values ofx which satisifes the Equation of the form
equation (i) f(loga x) = 0,a > 0,a :;t: 1 and
2 log2 log2 x + log 1 Iog2 ( 2✓2x) = 1 . (ii) g ( logx A) = 0, A > 0, then Equation
- IS
2 '
(i) is eqivalent to f(t)=0, where t=log11x.
49. The product ofal1 the possible values ofx which
satisfies the Jogarthimic equation If t,, t 2 , t 3 , ••••••• , tkare the roots off(t)=0, then
log 11 x=t 1,log 11 x=t 2 ,log11x=t3 , ..... Iog11 x=tk and Eq,
log x 3 . logx3+1og x 3 = 0
-- -
3 8I
 GARITHMs··. -~,ii ' ,.,. • •
{ii) is equivalent to f(y)=0, where y=log A. If
X 62. If P34 ( x) = P22 (x) thensinx =
Y1.Y2,Y3,-· .. ··· .. yk are the roots off(y)=0, then
)ogxA=y,,logx-A=y2,logllA=y3,••···•og A=y ff . 2ff
( A) 2cos - (B) 2sm-
On the basis of the above information k. . ]0 5
.
answer the followmg quesions:
. '
2ff . ff
56. The number of solutions of the equation (C) 2cos - (D) sm-
5 10
1-2 (tog x 2 )2
- ---'---~ , =1 KEY
Iogx-2( log xt
SllSQLE Ar:i~~ER Ql!ESI!ON~
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) infinite LA 2.B 3.A 4. C 5.A 6.C
57, The number of solutions oftbe equation 7.D 8.A 9.A 10.C 11.B 12. C
log:. IO - 6 log; 10 + 11 log x IO - 6 = O is 13.B 14.C 15.B 16.D 17.A 18.A
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 19.B 20.B 21.A
58. The solution set of
MORETHANONEANSWER
2 7 22.ABD 23.AD 24.ABC
(logs x ) +logs x +l = - - - contains
log 5 x-1 25 .AC 26.CD 27.CD
(A) {1,3 } (B) {1} (C) {25} (D) {1,25} 28.AD 29.AD 30.AB 31.AB
59. The set of all x satisfyng the equation ASSERTION-REASONING QUESTIONS
32.A 33.A 34.C 35.B 36.D 37.B
MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS

(A){I, 9} (B){9 ; }
1
<C){1,4, 8\} (D){1,9, 8\} 38.A-p,r,t B-r ,C-s, D-q 39.A-p,r, B-q,t, C-s,t
40.A-r, B-t, C-t 41.A-r,t, B-p,C-q,s
(lnx}1-3lnx+3 INTEGER QUESTIONS
60 If - - - - - - < 1 then x belongs to 42.0 43.2 44.0 45.1 46.2 47.4
lnx-1
(A) (O,e) (B) (l,e) (C) (l,2e) (D) (0,3e) 48.4 49. 1 50. 1
Passage3 ; PASSAGE QUESTIONS
ff
51.B 52.B 53.D 54.C 55.D 56.C
For O < x < - , let 57.D 58.C 59.D 60.A 61. B 62. C
2
HINTS
Pmn ( x) = mlogcosx sinx + n logcosx cotx
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIO~S
where m,n E {1,2, ......... 9}
For example 1. log[c:r x(~!)'x(!~r]
P29 (x) = 2logcosx sinx + 9logcosx cotx
312x 5 1ox 2 2s] .,
P77 (x) = 7logcosx sinx + 7logcosx cotx loglO [ 31 2xs•<> x227 = logio
61 . Which one of the following is always correct?
16 2 4 4
(A) Pmn(x)~m Vm~n 2. log 6 = 4log 6 = - 6
-
log 2 1+ log32
{B) Pmn(x)~n Vm'2.n 3 3
now a= log12
27
=3 log123 =- -,
1 ,
(C) 2Pmn(x) ~ n Vm ~ n ' log3• l + 2 log 3

(D) 2Pmn ( x) ~ m V m ~ n Therefore a (1+ 2log;

2) = 3; , = --1
2log;
3 3-a
=- -
a a
 substuting in equation we get ⇒ log x + log y + log z =0
log~6 = 4
l + [ 2a I ( 3 - a)]
4(3-a
3+a
) ⇒ log ( xyz) = 0 ⇒ xyz =I
I
a= log3 ,b = log5 c = log2 6. log 0 y = . 7
3. 1-log a x
log 2 log 3 ' log 7
. b
.. a c =log 5 1
- - ,2c=2--=-
log 2
and ac=log 3
- - ... (i) 1-log y = l - - - -
log? log? Jog? 1-lo ga x
0

:. log1-10 63 log 63 2log3 + log7

-loga x
log 140 log 7 + 2 log 2 + log 5 = 1-log
ax
2 ( log3) + 1
1
= log?
or -- =1-log
-~ ax
................. (!)
l+ 2 ( Iog2 )+ log5 1- Ioga y - log(/ x
log? log? I

2ac+ l But z = a 1-loguy

[from Eq. (i)]
1+2c +abc
1 1 +1
4. log3 x-i 2x > 1 ⇒ log z = - - - =
0
l-log 0 y loga X
Case 1: O< 3x _ 1 < 1
1
1 2
⇒ --= 1-l og z log 0 x = -1- -
-<x <- log0 X a 1- loga z
.... (1)
3 3
log3 x-12 x > 1 ⇒ x> 1 .... (2) X = Ql-log 0 z

(1) n (2) ⇒ XE s:?J

Case 2: 3x - 1 > 1 7. 5=I;; 5")0 =lof;f
2
⇒ x>
3 ..... (3) = 200[1og:~-log~0 ] = 200( 1-0.3 010]
=200 [0.69 9] =139 .8
log3 x-l 2x > 1
⇒ x< 1
Characterstic = 13 9
.... (4)
No.o finteg er= 139+1= 140

(3) and (4) ⇒ x E G, I) 8. x = 3 +log /; y = 3 + log/

:.x> 4 &y< 4
logx · l.o gx _ logx )+(lo gy. logy _ logy ) 9. l+log 2 (1-c os2x )~lo g;
5· ( logy Jogz logx logx logz logy
l
1 + log 2 ( ✓2 sin x) ~
2

+(Io gz. logz _ logz )=o 2

logy logx logz
2 + 2 log 2 ( sin x) ~ ~- 2
⇒ (logx )3 +(lo gy )3 +(log z)3
2 log 2 ( sin x) ~ ~
3
= 3 ( log x log y log z)
a = log x, b = logy , c = log z -3 . 1
⇒ sin x ~ 2 4 ⇒ stn x >
⇒ a 3 + b 3 + c 3 =3abc ⇒ a+ b + c =0 - -efg
 •
\ () , l ,iH'IH.'\)\lOtinn
15. Here given equation is defined when x -:t: 3, x -:t: 2 to
ll,~111 { J\'~ + 12,\' + l Q ) -· l0g 1,, ( Jx + 4) ::: t the given equation talcing logarithm on both sides
on solving we get possible values of x are 4,5
.\Y ~ l· l ~ ,, + 141
hH! 111
'
l . --·---
J.\· l· 4
,, , ' I \ .:!x ~· 1'1 l
::-- \ 16. Put log; = m, log; = n then given equations be-

comes m+n=3mn,4(m-n)= m are solving we

;- -- - · - ~- l) n
.>.\' -l 4
get (x 1x2 + y 1y 2 ) = 8
l,n ~l,l\'it~ w~ g~t thdr L'Xists exactly two values ofx 2
1t. lkrc g i\'en c qunt ion is define d when x + 6x + 9 ( )
17. log 112 ( x + ) · < - log 2 x + 1
-" , . ~-" - 5 , n, 7 - ~-" , o 2 1
by t~mo,,1,g logarit.lun~we get x: - 3x - 5 = 7 -2x 2
x + 6x+9 ( )
then x = 4, - 3 but x ;;: 4 not sntisi), - log 2 ( ) < - log 2 x + 1
2 x+l
then~ fol~ only pnssiblr value ofx is -3
~
\ __ -" h,~~
' -_ -
--i h,B, j (x+3)2 >(x+l) (x+3)2 (x+l)>O
I-' · f1\,m the given equation fuctorise 2(x+l) '2(x+l)
<n : + Dx + 2 t 4x~ + I 2x + 9 and take substution x -2x-7
2
(x-{1+2~))(x-{1-2✓2))
- - - - < 0; ..!..--~--~--'-------'- <0
\ng: ....i (3x + 7) =.,·.then given equation becomes x+l x+l

.,.: - 3,·+
. 2 = 0 then .,· = L2 X e(-1,1+2✓2)

Fr-om lhm only possible value of

x=-
-1
4
⇒ -4.x=l
18. log, ( x' -2) < log, G Jxj-1)
Case-1
I ➔ . lot;~v--1) l'>x + 1( +log1~+i [(3x +4)(2x+1)]=4 X
2
2> 0⇒ ( + ✓2) (
- X X - ✓2) > Q
2 logl~~~-1 ) ( 2x + l) + log~:-:+ 1 (3x + 4)
X E (-oo, -✓2) U ( ✓2, 00)
+ logl~ ~➔ l) ( 2 x + l) = 4: log 3:-.+4 (2x +l) = y
Case-2
l ., 1 2
2y+- = ., => y= -,y=l
y 2 lxl>~.,
1
case-1 : Y =
2
l
log _,.-.~~( 2 x + I) = => (2x +l) = ✓3x +4 Case-3
2
3 ., 3x
4x :i +4x+ l = 3x +4 ; x= 4 , x=-l x--2< -;
1 2x 2 -3x-2<0
2
case-2 (x-2)(2x+1)<0
y=1 From cases 1,2,3
log _.~. 4 (2x + I) = 1 XE ( ✓2,2)
2x + l = 3x+4; x=-3
But x = -3 makes base negative Case-4
., 3x l
x<O ; x·-2<-2-
x =-3 is the so Iutmn
.
4
(x+2)(2x-l)<O