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Class 10th Physics - Short Notes

The document covers the magnetic effects of current, detailing Oersted's experiment and the magnetic field patterns produced by straight wires, circular loops, and solenoids. It explains the factors affecting magnetic field strength, the force on current-carrying conductors in magnetic fields, and applications such as electric motors and generators. Additionally, it discusses electromagnetic induction, domestic electric circuits, and safety devices like fuses and circuit breakers.

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lokeshlearn27
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2 views

Class 10th Physics - Short Notes

The document covers the magnetic effects of current, detailing Oersted's experiment and the magnetic field patterns produced by straight wires, circular loops, and solenoids. It explains the factors affecting magnetic field strength, the force on current-carrying conductors in magnetic fields, and applications such as electric motors and generators. Additionally, it discusses electromagnetic induction, domestic electric circuits, and safety devices like fuses and circuit breakers.

Uploaded by

lokeshlearn27
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class 10th Physics

Magnetic Effects of Current (Short Notes)


1. Magnetic Field due to a Current-Carrying Conductor:

• Oersted's Experiment: A current-carrying conductor produces a magnetic field


around it. This was demonstrated by Oersted's experiment, where a compass needle
placed near a current-carrying wire deflected.
• Magnetic Field Patterns:
o Straight Wire: Concentric circular loops around the wire. The direction can
be determined using the Right-Hand Thumb Rule (if the thumb points in the
direction of current, the curled fingers show the direction of the magnetic
field).
o Circular Loop: Magnetic field lines are circular near the wire and become
more parallel at the center of the loop.
o Solenoid: A coil of wire that acts like a magnet when current passes through
it. The magnetic field inside a solenoid is nearly uniform and strong.

2. Factors Affecting the Strength of the Magnetic Field:

• Straight Wire: Strength increases with increasing current and decreases with
increasing distance from the wire.
• Circular Loop: Strength increases with increasing current and decreases with
increasing radius of the loop.
• Solenoid: Strength increases with increasing current, increasing number of turns, and
using a soft iron core.

3. Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field:

• A current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences 1 a force.


• The force is perpendicular to both the current and the magnetic field.
• Fleming's Left-Hand Rule: This rule gives the direction of the force:
o Forefinger: Points in the direction of the magnetic field (B).
o Middle finger: Points in the direction of the current (I).
o Thumb: Points in the direction of the force (F).

4. Applications of the Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor:

• Electric Motor: A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It
works on the principle that a current-carrying coil placed in a magnetic field
experiences a torque, causing it to rotate.
• Electric Generator (Dynamo): A device that converts mechanical energy into
electrical energy. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction (explained
below).

5. Electromagnetic Induction:
• The phenomenon of inducing an electric current in a coil by changing the magnetic
field linked with it.
• Fleming's Right-Hand Rule: This rule gives the direction of the induced current:
o Forefinger: Points in the direction of the magnetic field (B).
o Middle finger: Points in the direction of the induced current (I).
o Thumb: Points in the direction of the motion (M).

6. Applications of Electromagnetic Induction:

• Electric Generator (Dynamo): As mentioned above, generators use electromagnetic


induction to produce electricity. Rotating a coil in a magnetic field changes the
magnetic flux linked with the coil, inducing a current.
• Transformer: A device that changes the voltage of alternating current. It works on
the principle of mutual induction between two coils.

7. Domestic Electric Circuits:

• Wiring: Household wiring consists of live wire, neutral wire, and earth wire.
• Earthing: Provides a low-resistance path for current to flow to the ground in case of a
fault, preventing electric shocks.
• Fuses and Circuit Breakers: Safety devices that protect the circuit from overloads
and short circuits. They work by interrupting the current flow when it exceeds a
certain limit.

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