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Socket Programming Notes

Socket programming facilitates communication between client and server over a network, commonly used in real-time applications. Key concepts include sockets (TCP for reliable communication and UDP for faster, connectionless communication), along with steps for server and client implementation in Java. Advanced topics cover multi-client handling, security measures, and troubleshooting common errors.

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Anvi Suri
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2 views

Socket Programming Notes

Socket programming facilitates communication between client and server over a network, commonly used in real-time applications. Key concepts include sockets (TCP for reliable communication and UDP for faster, connectionless communication), along with steps for server and client implementation in Java. Advanced topics cover multi-client handling, security measures, and troubleshooting common errors.

Uploaded by

Anvi Suri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Socket Programming Notes

1. Introduction to Socket Programming

 Socket programming allows communication between two computers (client and server) over
a network.

 It is commonly used for real-time applications such as chat applications, web servers, and file
transfer.

2. Key Concepts in Socket Programming

a) What is a Socket?

 A socket is an endpoint for sending or receiving data across a network.

 Two types of sockets:

1. Stream Socket (TCP) - Provides reliable, connection-oriented communication.

2. Datagram Socket (UDP) - Provides faster, connectionless communication.

b) IP Address and Port Number

 IP Address: Identifies a computer in a network (e.g., 127.0.0.1 for localhost).

 Port Number: A unique identifier for a specific process or service on a computer (e.g., 5000).

3. Steps in Socket Programming

a) Server-Side Steps

1. Create a ServerSocket to listen for client connections.

2. Accept a connection from a client.

3. Open input/output streams to read/write data.

4. Process client requests.

5. Close the connection when communication is done.

b) Client-Side Steps

1. Create a Socket to connect to the server.

2. Open input/output streams to send/receive data.

3. Send requests to the server.

4. Receive and process the server’s response.

5. Close the connection.

4. Simple Example of Socket Programming in Java

a) Simple Server

import java.io.*;

import java.net.*;
public class SimpleServer {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(5000)) {

System.out.println("Server started. Waiting for a client...");

try (Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();

BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader(new


InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()))) {

System.out.println("Client connected!");

String message;

while ((message = input.readLine()) != null) {

System.out.println("Client: " + message);

if (message.equalsIgnoreCase("Over")) break;

System.out.println("Client disconnected.");

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

b) Simple Client

import java.io.*;

import java.net.*;

public class SimpleClient {

public static void main(String[] args) {


try (Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 5000);

PrintWriter output = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);

BufferedReader consoleInput = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in))) {

System.out.println("Connected to server. Type messages (type 'Over' to exit):");

String message;

while (true) {

message = consoleInput.readLine();

output.println(message);

if (message.equalsIgnoreCase("Over")) break;

System.out.println("Connection closed.");

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

5. Common Errors and Troubleshooting

1. Port already in use: Ensure the port is not being used by another process.

2. Connection refused: Verify that the server is running before starting the client.

3. Firewall issues: Ensure firewalls do not block the connection.

4. IOException: Check for proper handling of input/output streams.

6. Advanced Socket Programming

 Multi-Client Handling: Use threads to handle multiple clients concurrently.

 Encryption & Security: Implement SSL/TLS for secure communication.

 Non-blocking Sockets: Use Selector in Java NIO for better performance.

7. Summary

 Sockets enable communication between client and server applications.

 Java provides Socket and ServerSocket classes for network communication.


 TCP ensures reliable communication, while UDP is faster but less reliable.

 Always handle exceptions and close resources properly to prevent memory leaks.

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