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Python Concepts

The document outlines key Python concepts, including data structures (list, tuple, set, dictionary), memory management, decorators, exception handling, and object-oriented programming principles like inheritance and method overriding. It also covers Django and Flask frameworks, RESTful APIs, web scraping techniques, unit testing, and optimization strategies for Python applications. Each concept is briefly explained with a focus on their differences, usage, and implementation.

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maharshim21
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5 views

Python Concepts

The document outlines key Python concepts, including data structures (list, tuple, set, dictionary), memory management, decorators, exception handling, and object-oriented programming principles like inheritance and method overriding. It also covers Django and Flask frameworks, RESTful APIs, web scraping techniques, unit testing, and optimization strategies for Python applications. Each concept is briefly explained with a focus on their differences, usage, and implementation.

Uploaded by

maharshim21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Concepts

1.​ What are the key features of Python?


2.​ Explain the difference between list, tuple, set, and dictionary.
3.​ What are Python’s mutable and immutable types?
4.​ What is the difference between is and == in Python?
5.​ Explain the concept of List Comprehension with an example.
6.​ What are Lambda functions? How are they used?
7.​ How does Python handle memory management and garbage collection?
8.​ What is the difference between deepcopy and shallow copy?
9.​ What are Python decorators? How do you use them?
10.​What is the difference between @staticmethod, @classmethod, and an instance
method?
11.​Explain how exception handling works in Python (try-except-finally).
12.​How do you handle file operations (open(), read(), write()) in Python?
13.​Explain Python's Global Interpreter Lock (GIL).
14.​What are classes and objects in Python?
15.​What is inheritance? Explain with an example.
16.​What is multiple inheritance in Python?
17.​What are abstract classes and interfaces in Python?
18.​What is method overloading and method overriding?
19.​What are dunder/magic methods (__init__, __str__, __repr__, etc.)?
20.​How does Python implement Stacks and Queues?
21.​What is the difference between a linked list and an array?
22.​Explain Hashing and Hash Tables in Python.
23.​What is the difference between breadth-first search (BFS) and depth-first search (DFS)?
24.​How do you implement a binary search tree (BST) in Python?
25.​What is the time complexity of Python’s dictionary operations (get, set, delete)?
26.​Explain Sorting algorithms in Python (QuickSort, MergeSort, BubbleSort).
27.​How do you reverse a string in Python?
28.​How do you find duplicate elements in a list?
29.​What is Django? How is it different from Flask?
30.​What is an ORM (Object-Relational Mapping)? How does Django use it?
31.​How does Django handle database migrations?
32.​What is Django’s MTV architecture?
33.​Explain middleware in Django.
34.​What are Django signals, and how are they used?
35.​How do you handle authentication and authorization in Django?
36.​How do you implement RESTful APIs in Django using Django REST Framework (DRF)?
37.​How do you set up Flask routing and request handling?
38.​What is the purpose of REST APIs?
39.​What is the difference between REST and GraphQL?
40.​How do you make API requests in Python using requests or httpx?
41.​How do you parse JSON responses in Python?
42.​How do you use BeautifulSoup and Scrapy for web scraping?
43.​What is the difference between Selenium and BeautifulSoup?
44.​How do you write unit tests in Python using unittest or pytest?
45.​What are Python's built-in debugging tools (pdb, logging)?
46.​How do you mock external dependencies in unit tests?
47.​How do you handle exceptions in a test case?
48.​Your Python API is responding slowly. How do you optimize it?
49.​How would you scale a Django web application for high traffic?
50.​Your background job in Celery is stuck. How do you debug it?
51.​How would you handle large CSV file processing in Python efficiently?
52.​How would you build a real-time chat application using Django and WebSockets?

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