[1M, 2020]

1. Infant Mortality indicates the number of children that die

before the age of:
A) 1 year as proportion of 1000 live children born in that
particular year.
B) 6 months as proportion of 1000 live children born in that
particular year.
C) 2 years as proportion of 1000 children born in that
particular year.
D) 12 months as proportion of 2000 children born in that
particular year.
Answer – A
[1M, 2019]
2. What may be a goal of landless rural labourers regarding
their income?
A) more days of work and better wages.
B) less days of work and better wages.
C) local school for their children which is able to provide
quality education
D) both a and c
Answer – D
[1M, 2019]
3. What may be the goal of the prosperous farmer of Punjab?
A) assured low family income.
B) assured consistent family income.
C) both a and d
D) easy availability of cheap labourers.
Answer – C
[1M, 2018]
4. Which one of the following are the goals of development?
A) equal treatment and security
B) diginity for all citizens
C) safe and secured environment for women to make progress
in every walk
of their life.
D) all of the above
Answer – D
[1M, 2015]
5. “What may be the development for one may not be
development for the
other”. Which of the following examples are of the above
statement
A) construction of dams.
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
SPECIALLY CONVERTED IN MCQ FORMAT

B) building of thermal and nuclear plants.

C) more wages to worker.
D) all of the above.
Answer – D
[1M, 2011]
6. Which one of the following points supports the statement
“sustainable
development is essential”.
A) sustainable development aims at economic development
without damaging
the environment.
B) sustainable development aims at conserving for future.
C) resources are tob be used in such a way that they are
overexploited.
D) both a and b.
[1M, 2015]
7. What do final goods and services mean?
A) production activities in the primary, seceondary and
teritiary.
B) large number of goods and services produced by primary,
secondary and
teritiary for comsumption and investment.
C) both a and b
D) none of the above
[1M, 2014]
8. What is the advantage of per capita income? Mention any
one.
A8. It help to compare the development of countries as per
capita income tells
us whether people in one country are better off than others in
a different
country.
[1M, 2013]
9. What the term is used to describe the ‘average number of
years a person is
expected to live at birth’ ?
A) Per capita income.
B) infant morality rate.
C) Life expectancy.
D) Net attendence ratio.
Answer – C
[1M, 2013]
10. Which one of the following variables are composite index
of achievements
of a nation for Human Development Index.

A) longevity
B) Knowledge
C) standard of living
D) all of the above
Answer – D
[1M, 2012]
11. Why is the total income of countries not used to make
comparisions
between them?
A) population of different countries is different.
B) it does not give an idea what an average citizen is earning.
C) because it hides disparties.
D) all of the above
Answer – D
[1M, 2018]
12. Why do we averages? Are there are any limitations to
their use? Illustrate
with your own examples related to development.
A12.
1. Total income is not useful measure for comparision
between countries. Since
conuntries have different populations, comparing total
income does not tell
what an average person is likely to earn. Hence, we use
average income which
is total income of the country divided by the total population.
2. the defect of average as a measure is that it does not show
the
distribution(disperion) of income between the rich and the
poor.
3. Two countries may have the same average income but in
one country almost
every family may enjoy more or less the same kind of income,
whereas in the
other, some may be very rich and others very poor. The
disparity between rich
and poor is an important feature that the average
measure( per capita income)
does not consider.
Example: in terms of development, we an take the example of
India, where the
metro towns are full of high-rise buildings and shopping malls
while some
villages have not yet been provided with a basic necessity like
electricity.
[1M, 2018]
13. which one of the following points are the valid reasons of
why do people
look at a mix of goals for development?
A) people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom,
security and resepect.
B) women need a safe environment to take up a variety of
jobs.
C) students seek better education and equal opportunities to
learn.

D) all of the above

Answer – D
[1M, 2015]
14. On what basis World Bank classifies different countries?
A) per capita income
B) Gross enrollment ratio
C) net attendence ration
D) none of the above
Answer – A
[1M, 2015]
15. In the year 2004 the per capita income of rich country
according to World
bank is:
A) countries with per capita income of ₹4,53,000 per
annum and above.
B) countries with per capita income of ₹37,000 per annum
or lower.
C) countries with per capita income between ₹ 37,000 -
₹4,53,000.
D) countries with per capita income of ₹4,53,000 per
annum or lower.
Answer – A
[1M, 2015]
16. According to World development Report, 2006 India
comes in which
category?
A) Rich
B) Poor
C) middle category
D) none of the above
Answer – B
[1M, 2015]
17. What was the per capita income of India according to the
World
Development Report, 2006?
A) ₹37,000
B) ₹31,000
C) ₹28,000
D) ₹25,000
Answer – C
[1M,2015]

18. “Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one
needs to live well”
which one of the following points supports the statement?
A) money cannot buy a pollution free and dean environment
with fresh air.
B) it can protect us from infectious diseases and guarantee
good health for us.
C) money can assure that medicines availabe in the market
are not adulterated.
D) all of the above.
Answer – A
[3M, 2015]
19. What are common development goals? Give any two
suitable examples of
common development goals.
A19.
• There are certain goals which are the same or common for
all. These are
common developmental goals. The developmental goals that
people have are
not only about better income but also about other important
things in life. More
income or more material goods do not always give us a good
quality life.
• There are other aspects such as equal treatment, freedom,
security,
opportunity to learn, good working conditions, pollution-free
atmosphere, job
security and good social life which are very important for a
good quality life.
Money or material things that one can buy with it, is one
factor on which our life
depends. But quality of our life also depends on non-material
things, for
example, the role of our friends in our life which cannot be
measured but mean
a lot to us.
[1M, 2014]
20. On the basis of which indicators of HDI 2004 Sri Lanka has
better rank than
India? Which one of the below given are correct indicators.
A) per capita income
B) life expectancy at birth
C) Gross enrolement ratio
D) all of the above
Answer – D
[3M, 2014]
21. On the basis of which three indicators of HDI 2004 Sri
Lanka has better rank
than India?
A14. Three indicators of HDI 2004 in which Sri Lanka has
better rank than India:
1. Per capita income—The per capita income of Sri Lanka in US
dollars was 4,390
US dollars while that of India was 3,139 US dollars.

2. Life expectancy at birth—The life expectancy at birth for Sri

Lanka was 74,
higher than that of India at 64.
3. Gross enrolment ratio for three levels—Sri Lanka had Gross
Enrolment ratio
of 69 while that of India was 60.
[3M, 2014]
22. ‘Conflicting goals can also be developmental goals’.
Elaborate with
examples.
A22.
• All persons do not have the same notion of development or
progress. Each one
of them seeks different things. The seek things that are most
important for
them, i.e., that which can fulfil their aspirations or desires. In
fact at times two
persons or groups of persons may seek things which are
conflicting.
• A girl expects as much freedom and opportunity as her
brother and that he
also shares in the household work. Her brother may not like
this.
• To get more electricity, industrialists may want more dams.
But this may
submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people who are
displaced, such as
tribals. They might resent this and may prefer small check
dams or tanks to
irrigate their land.
[3M, 2014]
23. Explain with examples that there are other important
development goals
also besides income.
A.23
• More income or more material goods do not always give us
a good quality life.
There are other aspects such as equal treatment, freedom,
security, opportunity
to learn, good working conditions, pollution-free atmosphere,
job security and
good social life which are very important for a good quality
life.
• Money or material things that one can buy with it, is one
factor on which our
life depends. But quality of our life also depends on non-
material things, for
example, the role of our friends in our life which cannot be
measured but mean
a lot to us. Another example, if we get a job in a far off place,
before accepting
it we would try consider many factors apart from income such
as facilities for
our family, working atmosphere, or opportunity to learn.
Similarly, for
development, people look at a mix of goals. It is true that if
women are engaged
in paid work, their dignity increases. However, it is also the
case that if there is

respect for women there would be more sharing of house

work and greater
acceptance of women.
• The developmental goals that people have are not only
about better income
but also about other important things in life.
[1M, 2018]
24. Fields other than income where development is needed?
A) education and health
B) nutrition
C) transportation and electricity
D) all of the above
Answer – D
[5M, 2018]
25. Explain any five fields other than income where
development is needed.
A25. Fields other than income where development is needed:
1. Education:- The government must provide adequate
education facilities in all
rural and urban areas. The government must necessarily focus
on education for
girls so that all girls are able to acquire atleast secondary level
schooling.
Running proper schools and providing quality education,
particularly elementary
education, is the duty of the Government.
2. Health :-Basic health care facilities are a must for all.
Establishment of
government hospitals, clinics and dispensaries, especially in
rural areas, to
provide subsidized and unadulterated medicines to the poorer
sections of
society.
3. Nutrition :- An effective Public Distribution System—proper
functioning of
ration shops and equitable distribution of food grains is very
essential.
4. Transportation :- A well developed public transport system
to make it easy
for general public to commute.
5. Electricity :- It is the duty of the government to provide
electricity and water
at reasonable rates to the common man and prevent him
from exploitation by
private companies.
[5M, 2017]
26. Explain with reasons why state of Punjab with a very high
per capita income
has a low literacy rate.
A26. Per capita income is not a useful criterion at all to
measure . the human
development ranking of a state. High per capita . income is
not the only attribute

to a good quality life. Money . cannot buy all the essential

things required for a
good life.
This can be seen in the case of Punjab which has a very high
per capita income
but a low literacy rate. Having money in one’s pocket cannot
buy all the goods
and services that we need to live well. Money cannot ensure
education and
literacy. Another reason for low literacy rate in Punjab could
be the lack of free
and compulsory educational facilities. The government needs
to open more
schools and provide other facilities so that all children have a
chance to study.
Pollution-free atmosphere to ensure good health, protection
from infectious
diseases, lowering of mortality rate, promotion of literacy,
etc. are essential for
a good standard of living. In order to achieve these, joint
efforts have to be made
by all members of a community, be it rich or poor.
[5M, 2015]
27. What does HDI stand for? Explain the main criteria of
measuring HDI
according to UNDP Report of 1990.
A27. HDI Stand for Human Development Index.
Main criteria of measuring HDI:
1. HDI published by UNDP compares countries based on the
educational levels
of the people, their health status and per capita income.
2. HDI determines the rank of a country by its overall
achievement in three
areas, i.e., life expectancy, educational level and per capita
income.
3. Many improvements have been suggested in calculating
HDI and many new
components have been added to Human Development
Report.
4. Pre-fixing Human to Development, it has made it clear that
what is important
in development is what is happening to citizens of a country,
i.e., the health and
well being of the people is most important.
[5M, 2014]
27. Explain with examples that there are other important
development goals
also besides income.
A27.
More income or more material goods do not always give us a
good quality life.

There are other aspects such as equal treatment, freedom,

security,
opportunity to learn, good working conditions, pollution-free
atmosphere, job
security and good social life which are very important for a
good quality life.
Money or material things that one can buy with it, is one
factor on which our
life depends. But quality of our life also depends on non-
material things, for
example, the role of our friends in our life which cannot be
measured but mean
a lot to us. Another example, if we get a job in a far off place,
before accepting
it we would try consider many factors apart from income such
as facilities for
our family, working atmosphere, or opportunity to learn.
Similarly, for
development, people look at a mix of goals. It is true that if
women are engaged
in paid work, their dignity increases. However, it is also the
case that if there is
respect for women there would be more sharing of house
work and greater
acceptance of women.
The developmental goals that people have are not only about
better income but
also about other important things in life