Digital Image Processing

Dr. Mina Ibrahim

Lecture 1
 Course Discription
This course introduces fundamental concepts, theories,
and algorithms for image processing, which are used in
computer vision. It focuses on a range of tasks including
acquisition and formation, enhancement, segmentation,
and representation.

 Topics include: visual perception, image formation,

spatial transformations, image enhancement, color image
representation and processing, edge detection, image
segmentation, and morphological image processing.
 Course outcomes
 Student understands the fundamental concepts, theories,
and algorithms for digital image processing.

 Student has the ability to design and implement certain

important image processing techniques

 Student has the capability of applying image processing

theories and algorithms to applications of interest.
Course Outlines
Course Outlines
Course Outlines
Key Stages in Digital Image
Processing

Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Image Acquisition

Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Example: Take a picture Representation

Problem Domain
& Description
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Image Enhancement

Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Example: Change contrast

Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Image Restoration

Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing

Example:
Image Remove
Noise Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Morphological Processing

Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing

Extract
attributes
Image
useful for Segmentation
Enhancement
describing
image
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Segmentation

Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing

Divide image into constituent parts

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Object Recognition

Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing

Finds & Labels objects in scene

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Representation & Description

Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing

Image
regions
Image
transformed Segmentation
Enhancement
suitable for
computer
processing
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Image Compression

Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement Reduce
image size
(e.g. JPEG)
Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
Key Stages in Digital Image Processing:
Colour Image Processing

Image Morphologic
Restoration al Processing

Image
Segmentation
Enhancement

Image Object
Acquisition Recognition

Consider color images (color models)

Representation
Problem Domain
& Description
Colour
Image
Image
Compression
Processing
Automated Visual Inspection
Optical character recognition (OCR)
Technology to convert scanned docs to text
• If you have a scanner, it probably came with OCR
software
Face detection

Many new digital cameras now

detect faces
Smile detection
Vision-based biometrics
Login without a password…

Fingerprint scanners on Face recognition systems now

many new laptops, beginning to appear more widely
other devices
Medical imaging

Image guided surgery

3D imaging
MRI, CT
Medical imaging
Medical imaging
Object recognition (in mobile
phones)
Special effects: shape capture
Special effects: motion capture
Sports
Smart cars

Mobileye
Industrial robots
Mobile robots
Image Segmentaion
Remove objects
Compositing images
Optical illusions
Optical illusions
Optical illusions
Levels of computerized processing

Low level Mid level High level

Input: Image Input: Image Input : Image

Output: Image Output: Attributes Output: knowing,
learning and
understanding the
Examples: Examples: things in Image
To reduce Noise, Segmentation,
Contrast Recognition of
Enhancement objects
Image sharpening Edges, contours and
identifying individual
objects
Levels of computerized processing
 Image Processing Related fields

Image Processing: enhancement or

other manipulation of the images.
Computer Vision: analysis of the image
content.
Computer Graphics: the creation of
images.
Artificial Intelligence
 Image Processing
 Mainly study these topics

123 33 234 45 67 90 12 134

34 56 89 54 67 98 111 56 67
90 65 34 ….

Numerical representation of the

The World brightness and colors of the world
scene
 Image Processing
 Mainly study these topics

 Image acquisition – (low-level) digital representation of the world scenes

 Image processing – noise removal, smoothing, sharpening, contrast

enhancement, alter the appearance of an image

 Image compression – efficiently represent image data for storage (save disk
space) and communication (save network bandwidth)

 Display – render the image data on reproduction media (monitors, printing

papers)
 Computer Vision
 Mainly study these topics

High level
knowledge of the
scene

Image
representation
The World
 Computer Vision
 Mainly study these topics

 Building a mathematical model of the scene

 Interpret the scene
 Acquire high level knowledge of the scene, e.g., indoor/outdoor, man-
made/nature
 Detect the presence of certain objects, e.g., faces, cars
 Recognize certain objects, e.g., person identification
 Computer Graphics
 Mainly study these topics

 
Model Image
 Computer Graphics
 Mainly study these topics

 Use computer (mathematical models) to create images of real world scenes

and events
 Lighting and shading modeling
 Object modeling
 Curves and surface modeling
 Visibility modeling
 Transformations (rotate, scale, translate,…)
 Modeling terrain, liquids, fire/smoke, cloth, hair/fur, feathers, skin etc
 More related fields

Pattern recognition
Machine learning
Robotics
Visualization