PIR MOTION

SENSOR
 Motion detection
system using PIR
sensor

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 Table of Contents

1 Introduction 2 Working Principle

Pin Diagram
3 How’s the Working ?
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Applications, Advantages &
5 Limitations 6 Software Simulation

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 Table of Contents

7 Hardware Practical 8 Conclusion

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 Introduction
● In this tutorial, we will learn about how to detect motion with the PIR sensor and how to connect the
PIR sensor with Arduino and program the Arduino to detect any moment in the room or around the
motion sensor.
● Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR sensor) or PIR motion sensor is the kind of IR sensor that measures
the Infrared radiations released from objects and thus identifies them as moving or still objects.
This type of motion sensor is only the receptor of infrared waves and does not release any infrared
beam like that is done in Active Infrared sensors.
● PIR sensors allow you to sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a human has moved
in or out of the sensors range. They are small, inexpensive, low-power, easy to use and don’t wear
out. For that reason, they are commonly found in appliances and gadgets used in homes or
businesses. They are often referred to as PIR, “Passive Infrared”, “Pyroelectric”, or “IR motion”
sensors.

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 Working Principle
● Infrared Detection: PIR sensors detect infrared energy emitted by objects, primarily heat.They don’t
emit their own infrared light; hence, they’re “passive.”
● Motion Sensing: They detect changes in the infrared radiation within their field of view.When a
warm object (like a person or animal) moves into or out of the sensor’s range, it causes a change in
the detected infrared levels. This change triggers the sensor to produce an electrical signal,
indicating motion.

● All living objects, whose body temperature is more than 0oC, emit heat in the form of infrared
Radiation throughout their body, also called thermal radiation. This Radiated energy is invisible to
the Human eye. These Signals can be detected by using a PIR sensor which is specially designed
for such purpose

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 How’s the Working PIR Sensor ?
● Pyroelectric Sensor: At the heart of a PIR sensor is a pyroelectric sensor. This sensor is sensitive
to changes in infrared radiation.
● Lens: A lens (often a Fresnel lens) is used to focus the infrared radiation onto the pyroelectric
sensor. This increases the sensor’s range and sensitivity.
● Detection: The sensor is typically divided into two sensitive elements. When a person or animal
moves within the sensor’s range, it causes a change in the infrared radiation levels falling on these
elements.This change creates a differential signal, which the sensor interprets as motion.
● Signal Processing: The sensor’s circuitry processes the signal, filtering out false positives (like
small, rapid temperature changes) and amplifying the genuine motion signals.
● Output: When motion is detected, the sensor sends an output signal that can be used to trigger an
alarm, turn on a light, or perform other actions.

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 Pin Diagram

• Pin 1 - GND :- We have to connect this pin to

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 Technical Specifications
● Detection range: Varies, often up to several meters.
● Detection angle: Typically around 110 degrees.
● Operating voltage: Commonly 3.3V or 5V.
● Output signal: Digital (high/low).

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 Application
• Security systems (motion detectors, alarms)
• Automatic lighting control
• Home automation
• Occupancy sensing
• Office / Workplace Security
• Saving Power (Switch ON appliances only when someone is present)
• Human Detection
• Animal Detection
• Industrial Equipment Automation
• Automatic Street/Garage/Warehouse or Garden Lights
• Burglar Alarms
• Security cameras motion detectors
• Industrial Automation Control

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 Advantages
• Low power consumption
• Relatively inexpensive
• Simple to use

Limitations
• Can be affected by rapid temperature changes.
• May have limited range and field of view.
• They do not give detailed information about who or what caused the change in IR.

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Software Simulation

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Block Code

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 Hardware Practical
• PIR motion sensor
• Arduino Uno
• USB cable A to B
• LED
• Jumper Wires
• Power supply

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Thanks !!

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