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PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-1

PHP Programming with MySQL The Web

Technologies Series, 2nd
Full chapter download at: https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-php-
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Chapter 2
Functions and Control Structures

At a Glance

Table of Contents
 Chapter Overview

 Chapter Objectives

 Instructor Notes

 Quick Quizzes

 Discussion Questions

 Key Terms
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-2

Lecture Notes

Chapter Overview
In this chapter, students will study how to use functions to organize their PHP code. They will
also learn about variable scope, nested control structures, and conditional coding: if, if…else,
and switch statements and while, do…while, for, and foreach looping statements.
Students will also be introduced to the include and require statements.

Chapter Objectives
In this chapter, students will:

 Study how to use functions to organize your PHP code

 Learn about variable scope
 Make decisions using if, if…else, and switch statements
 Repeatedly execute code using while, do…while, for, and foreach statements
 Learn about include and require statements

Instructor Notes
In PHP, groups of statements that you can execute as a single unit are called functions. Functions
are often made up of decision-making and looping statements. These are two of the most
fundamental statements that execute in a program.

Mention to your students that functions are like paragraphs in writing

Teaching language. Remember a paragraph is a group of related sentences that make up
Tip one idea. A function is a group of related statements that make up a single task.

Working with Functions

PHP has two types of functions: built–in (internal) and user-defined (custom) functions. PHP has
over 1000 built-in library functions that can be used without declaring them. You can also your
own user-defined functions to perform specific tasks.
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-3

Defining Functions

To begin writing a function, you first need to define it. The syntax for the function definition is:

function name of _function(parameters) {

statements;
}

Parameters are placed within the parentheses that follow the function name. The parameter
receives its value when the function is called. When you name a variable within parentheses, you
do not need to explicitly declare and initialize the parameter as you do with a regular variable.

Following the parentheses that contain the function parameters is a set of curly braces, called
function braces, which contain the function statements. Function statements are the statements
that do the actual work of the function and must be contained within the function braces. For
example:

function displayCompanyName($Company1) {

echo "<p>$Company1</p>";
}

Remind your students that functions, like all PHP code, must be contained with
<?php...?> tags. Stress that the function name should be descriptive of the
task that the function will perform.

Ask students to add this to their list of PHP “Best Coding Practices.”

Teaching Illustrate to students that in a function:

Tip  There is no space between the function name and the opening parentheses
 The opening curly brace is on the same line as the function name
 The function statements are indented five spaces
 The closing curly brace is on a separate line

Ask students to add this to their list of PHP “Best Coding Practices.”
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-4

Calling Functions

A function definition does not execute automatically. Creating a function definition only names
the function, specifies its parameters (if any), and organizes the statements it will execute.

Teaching Refer to the textbook example on page 77, which defines a function and calls it
Tip passing a literal value to the function argument.

Returning Values

Some functions return a value, which may be displayed or passed as an argument to another
function. A calculator function is a good example of a return value function. A return statement
is a statement that returns a value to the statement that called the function.

Use the textbook example on page 78 to illustrate how a calling statement calls a
Teaching function and sends the multiple values as arguments of the function. The
Tip function then performs a calculation and returns the value to the calling
statement.

Passing Parameters by Reference

Usually, the value of a variable is passed as the parameter of a function, which means that a local
copy of the variable is created to be used by the function. When the value is returned to the
calling statement, any changes are lost. If you want the function to change the value of the
parameter, you must pass the value by reference, so the function works on the actual value
instead of a copy. Any changes made by the function statements remain after the function ends.

Use the textbook example on pages 80 and 81 to illustrate the difference of

passing a parameter by value or by reference.

Teaching Explain to students that a function definition should be placed above any calling
Tip statements. As of PHP4, this is not required, but is considered a good
programming practice.

Ask students to add this to their list of PHP “Best Coding Practices.”
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-5

Understanding Variable Scope

When you use a variable in a PHP program, you need to be aware of the variable's scope—that
is, you need to think about where in your program a declared variable can be used. A variable's
scope can be either global or local. Global variables are declared outside a function and are
available to all parts of the programs. Local variables are declared inside a function and are only
available within the function in which they are declared.

The global Keyword

Unlike many programming languages that make global variables automatically available to all
parts of your program, in PHP, you must declare a global variable with the global keyword
inside a function for the variable to be available within the scope of that function. When you
declare a global variable with the global keyword, you do not need to assign a value, as you
do when you declare a standard variable. Instead, within the declaration statement you only need
to include the global keyword along with the name of the variable, as in:

global $variable_name;

Teaching Demonstrate the syntax of declaring a global variable within a function using the
Tip textbook example on page 83.

Quick Quiz 1

1. In PHP, groups of statements that you can execute as a single unit are called
_________________________.
ANSWER: functions

2. A _________________________ is a statement that returns a value to the statement that

called the function.
ANSWER: return statement

3. _________________________ are declared inside a function and are only available

within the function in which they are declared.
ANSWER: Local variables

4. A _________________________is a variable that is declared outside a function and is

available to all parts of your program.
ANSWER: global variable
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-6

Making Decisions
In any programming language, the process of determining the order in which statements execute
in the program is called decision making or flow control. The special types of PHP statements
used for making decision are called decision-making statements or control structures.

if Statements

The if statement is used to execute specific programming code if the evaluation of a

conditional expression returns a value of TRUE. The syntax for a simple if statement is as
follows:

if (conditional expression)// condition evaluates to 'TRUE'

statement;

You should insert a space after the conditional keyword if before the opening
parenthesis of the conditional expression. This will help you see a visual
difference between a structure and a function. Using a line break and
indentation to enter the statements to execute makes it easier for the
programmer to follow the flow of the code.

Ask students to add the space and indentation to their list of PHP “Best Coding
Teaching Practices.”
Tip
Explain to students that if there is only one statement, they do not need to use
curly braces. If there are multiple statements, the statements should be
enclosed within beginning and ending curly braces. ({...}).

Ask students to add the use of curly braces to their list of PHP “Best Coding
Practices.”

You can use a command block to construct a decision-making structure using multiple if
statements. A command block is a group of statements contained within a set of braces, similar to
the way function statements are contained within a set of braces. When an if statement
evaluates to TRUE, the statements in the command block execute.

if...else Statements

Should you want to execute one set of statements when the condition evaluates to FALSE, and
another set of statements when the condition evaluates to TRUE, you need to add an else
clause to the if statement.
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-7

if (conditional expression) {
statements; //condition evaluates to 'TRUE'
}
else {
statements; //condition evaluates to 'FALSE'
}

Nested if and if...else Statements

When one decision-making statement is contained within another decision-making statement,

they are referred to as nested decision-making structures. An if statement contained within an
if statement or within an if...else statement is called a nested if statement. Similarly, an
if...else statement contained within an if or if…else statement is called a nested
if...else statement. You use nested if and if...else statements to perform conditional
evaluation that must be executed after the original conditional evaluation.

switch Statements

The switch statement controls program flow by executing a specific set of statements,
depending on the value of the expression. The switch statement compares the value of an
expression to a value contained within a special statement called a case label. A case label
represents a specific value and contains one or more statements that execute if the value of the
case label matches the value of the switch statement’s expression. The syntax for the switch
statement is a follows:
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-8

switch (expression) {
case label:
statement(s);
break;
case label:
statement(s);
break;
...
default:
statement(s);
break;
}

Another type of label used within switch statements is the default label. The default
label contains statements that execute when the value returned by the switch statement does
not match a case label. A default label consists of the keyword default followed by a
colon. In a switch statement, execution does not automatically end when a matching label is
found. A break statement is used to exit a control structures before it reaches the closing brace
(}). A break statement is also used to exit while, do...while, and for looping
statements.

The break statement after the default case is optional; however, it is good
Teaching programming practice to include it.
Tip
Ask the students to add this to their list of PHP “Best Coding Practices.”
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-9

Quick Quiz 2

1. The process of determining the order in which statements execute in a program is called
_________________________.
ANSWER: decision-making or flow control

2. When one decision-making statement is contained within another decision-making

statement, they are referred to as _________________________.
ANSWER: nested decision-making structures

3. The _________________________ statement is used to execute specific programming

code if the evaluation of a conditional expression returns a value of TRUE.
ANSWER: if

4. The _________________________ statement controls program flow by executing a

specific set of statements, depending on the value of the expression.
ANSWER: switch

Repeating Code

Conditional statements allow you select only a single branch of code to execute and then
continue to the statement that follows. If you need to perform the same statement more than
once, however, you need a use a loop statement, a control structure that repeatedly executes a
statement or a series of statements while a specific condition is TRUE or until a specific
condition becomes TRUE. In an infinite loop, a loop statement never ends because its conditional
expression is never FALSE.

while Statements

The while statement is a simple loop statement that repeats a statement or series of statements
as long as a given conditional expression evaluates to TRUE. The syntax for the while statement
is as follows:

while (conditional expression) {

statement(s);
}

Each repetition of a looping statement is called an iteration. The loop ends and the next
statement, following the while statement executes only when the conditional statement
evaluates to FALSE. You normally track the progress of the while statement evaluation, or
any other loop, with a counter. A counter is a variable that increments or decrements with each
iteration of a loop statement.
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-10

Programmers often name counter variables $Count, $Counter, or

something descriptive of its purpose. The letters i, j, k, l, x, y, z are also
Teaching commonly used as counter names. Using a variable name such as count or the
Tip letter i (for iteration) helps you remember (and informs other programmers)
that the variable is being used as a counter.

do...while Statements

The do...while statement executes a statement or statements once, then repeats the execution
as long as a given conditional expression evaluates to TRUE The syntax for the do...while
statement is as follows:

do {
statements(s);
} while (conditional expression);

for Statements

The for statement is used for repeating a statement or series of statements as long as a given
conditional expression evaluates to TRUE. The syntax of the for statement is as follows:

for (counter declaration and initialization; condition;

update statement) {
statement(s);
}

foreach Statements

The foreach statement is used to iterate or loop through the elements in an array. With each
loop, a foreach statement moves to the next element in an array. The basic syntax of the
foreach statement is as follows:

foreach ($array_name as $variable_name) {

statement(s);
}
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-11

Most of the conditional statements (such as the if, if...else, while,

do...while, and for) are probably familiar to students, but the foreach
Teaching statement, which iterates through elements of an array may not be as familiar.
Tip
Illustrate the syntax of the foreach statement using the basic and advanced
forms shown on pages 105 – 107 of the textbook.

Quick Quiz 3

1. Each repetition of a looping statement is called a(n) _________________________.

ANSWER: iteration

2. A _________________________ is a variable that increments or decrements with each

iteration of a loop statement.
ANSWER: counter

3. The foreach statement is used to iterate or loop through the elements in a(n)
_________________________.
ANSWER: array

Discussion Questions
 When is it better to use a global variable in programming? When is it better to use a local
variable?

 Why are conditional statements important in programming?

 Explain the difference between a while statement and a do…while statement.

PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-12

Key Terms
 break statement: Used to exit control structures.
 case label: In a switch statement, represents a specific value and contains one or more
statements that execute if the value of the case label matches the value of the switch
statement’s expression.
 command block: A group of statements contained within a set of braces, similar to the way
function statements are contained within a set of braces.
 counter: A variable that increments or decrements with each iteration of a loop statement.
 decision making (or flow control): The process of determining the order in which
statements execute in a program.
 default label: Contains statements that execute when the value returned by the switch
statement expression does not match a case label.
 do…while statement: Executes a statement or statements once, then repeats the execution
as long as a given conditional expression evaluates to TRUE.
 for statement: Used for repeating a statement or series of statements as long as a given
conditional expression evaluates to TRUE.
 function definition: Line of code that make up a function.
 functions: Groups of statements that execute as a single unit.
 global variable: A variable declared outside a function and available to all parts of the
program.
 if statement: Used to execute specific programming code if the evaluation of a conditional
expression returns a value of TRUE.
 if…else statement: if statement with an else clause that is implemented when the
condition returns a value of FALSE.
 infinite loop: A loop statement never ends because its exit condition is never met.
 iteration: The repetition of a looping statement.
 local variable: A variable declared inside a function and only available with the function in
which it is declared.
 loop statement: A control structure that repeatedly executes a statement or a series of
statements while a specific condition is TRUE or until a specific condition becomes TRUE.
 nested decision-making structures: One decision-making statement contained within
another decision-making statement.
 parameter: A variable that is passed to a function from the calling statement.
 return statement: A statement that returns a value to the statement that called the function.
 switch statement: Controls program flow by executing a specific set of statements,
depending on the value of an expression.
 variable scope: The context in which a variable is accessible (such as local or global).
 while statement: Repeats a statement or a series of statements as long as a given conditional
expression evaluates to TRUE.
PHP Programming with MySQL, 2nd Edition 2-13

Best Coding Practices – Chapter 2

Topic Best Practice
Formatting code Format code consistently within a program
Indent code five spaces for readability
Writing PHP code blocks Use the Standard Script Delimiters <?php … ?>
Using the echo statement Use the echo construct exclusively
Use lowercase characters for the echo keyword
Coding the echo statement Do not use parentheses with the echo statement
Adding comments to PHP script Add both line and block comments to your PHP code
Adding a line comment Use the two forward slashes (//) to begin a line comment
Displaying array elements with built-in Enclose the print_r(), var_export(), and
functions var_dump() functions in beginning and ending <pre> tags
Writing a user-defined function The name of a user-defined function should be descriptive of the
task it will perform
Writing a function definition Do NOT space between the function name and the opening
parenthesis
Key the opening curly brace on the same line as the function
name
Indent the function statements five spaces
Key the closing curly brace on a separate line
Calling a function Place the function definition above the calling statement
Writing a control structure To differentiate a control structure from a function, space once
after the conditional keyword before the parenthesis i.e. if
(...) or else (...)
Indent the statements to make them easier for the programmer to
follow the flow
Use curly braces around the statements to execute in a control
structure if there is more than one statement.
Coding a switch statement Include the optional break statement after the default case
label in a switch statement
Naming a counter variable If appropriate, name your counter variable $Count or
$Counter or use the letters ( i, j, k, l, x, y , z)
Other documents randomly have
different content
No. 2 B Valve, complete, with Needle for 60 6c
tank 1891-’92 pattern

The center Valves for ’91 and ’92 pattern

are the same. The 1892 end Valves have
vent holes in top, the ’91 have not.

In ordering Nos. 2 A and 2 B say whether

right, left or center.

No. 2 C Valve, complete, with needle and 60 6c

union nut for tank 1893 pattern

No. 2 D Valve, complete, with needle for 60 6c

tank 1894-’95-’96

No. 2 E Valve, complete, with needle for 60 5c

tank 1897-’98-’99-1900 and 1901

In ordering Valves say whether they are

soldered to supply pipe, fastened to it with
a union nut, or screw into a solid nipple.

No. 2½ O Needle only for Valve. Will fit all 25 3c

valves previous to 1897.

No. 2½ N Needle only for Valve for 25 3c

1897-’98-’99 and 1900 stoves

When a Valve Needle is found to be a trifle

short and will not close the valve orifice
tightly, turn the check nut on the needle
back about a quarter or half turn, which
will allow the needle to go further into the
valve and close it.

{ Top Nickel Shelf for No. 1 Stove 75

No. 3 { Top Nickel Shelf for No. 2 Stove 90
No. 3 { Top Nickel Shelf for No. 3 Stove 90
C
No. 3 { Top Nickel Shelf for No. 4 Stove 1 00
S
{ Top Nickel Shelf for No. 7 Stove 90
{ Top Nickel Shelf for No. 8 Stove 1 00

No. 3 Shelf (not shown) for all stoves

previous to ’94. No. 3 C is for ’94 stove.
No. 3 S is for all stoves after ’94. In
ordering Shelf always give number of stove
and latest date of patent.

No. 4 C Nickel Shelf Brackets (right or left) 25 12c

each.

No. 4 S. Always give number or size of 25 12c

stove and latest date of patent

No. 5 Small Nickel Shelves (between tubes) 20 5c

No. 6 Drip and Hot Air Tubes with 1 50

Evaporator for top burners, complete. Say
whether for top or oven burners.

Give number and date of stove.

No. 7 Sawed Cap for Top Burners 25 10c

Number and date of stove must be given.

No. 8 { Grate for Top Burners 30

O
No. 8 { Always say for “New Process”
N Stoves.

No. 9 Drop End Shelf (Japanned, not 75

shown in cut).

No. 10 Burner Drum made of Japanned 1 50

Iron or Steel, including short pipe, cap and
sheet metal heat collector for top burners,
complete.

For all stoves previous to 1893. The Drum

made for the 1892 Stoves should be
ordered and used. This is true of the top
burners only, the oven burners being
different for the different years. All top
burner Drums are interchangeable, for
right, left or center burners. Our regular
brass burner drums cannot be used on
stoves made previous to 1893.

No. 10 B Burner Drum made of brass, 2 25

including short pipe, cap and heat collector
for top burners, complete.

Brass Burner Drums are made for the 1893

stoves and later. They are interchangeable
for right, left or center burners. The 1893
and 1894 Drums are practically the same
and have no sub-burners. The 1895 and
1896 are alike and have a sub-flame.
The 1897-’98-’99 are all alike and
interchangeable, and have the same
arrangement of caps, center tubes and
sub-burners. The 1900 and 1901 Burner
Drums are alike and interchangeable,
except the sub-burners. In ordering it is
necessary to give date of stove and say
whether for the top or oven burner.

No. 11 A Heat Collector only for ’90, ’91 35

and ’92

Lower part of Heat Collector 15

Top part of Heat Collector 30

These Heat Collectors are alike and

interchangeable for the top burners.

No. 11 B Heat Collector only for ’93, ’94, 50

’95 and ’96 stoves

Lower part of Heat Collector 15

Top part of Heat Collector 40

No. 11 C Heat Collector only for ’97, ’98 60

and ’99 stoves.

This part is given on preceding page as cut

No. 1 C.
No. 11 D (not shown in cuts of repairs) 60
Heat Collector only for 1900 and 1901
stoves.

No. 12 Oven Drip and Hot Air Tube with 1 60

Evaporator, complete

Give No. of stove and latest date of patent.

No. 13 Oven Burner Casting (only) to 50

which sawed cap is bolted

Give No. of stove and latest date of patent.

No. 14 Oven Burner Drum (only) made of 75

terne plate (not shown in cut)

No. 14 B Oven Burner Drum (only) made of 1 75

brass.

In ordering 14 or 14 B repairs, always give

No. of stove and date of patent. It is well
also to describe the part wanted, as many
changes have been made in the oven
burners.

Note—If the burner drum only, less the

heat collector, cap and center tube, for top
burner is wanted, use the repair number
14, for iron drum and No. 14 B for brass
drum say for top burner and be sure to
give date of stove.
No. 16 Front Brace for step (not shown in 25 10c
cut)

No. 17 Back Brace for step (see cut) 25 12c

No. 18 E Oven Grate for ’93 and ’94 stove 85

No. 18 L for all later 85

No. 19 Oven Burner Cap (sawed) 35 25c

Be sure to give date of stove as the caps

are not interchangeable on stoves made in
different years.

Note—The least irregular opening at the

top of a “New Process” burner will cause
the flame to pop out. When this occurs
with the oven burner, look carefully first for
crack in sawed burner cap as the least
break will cause trouble. See if the cap is
warped up leaving an opening above
center tube. See that the center tube is in
the proper place. If the asbestos packing
under the lower edge of the sawed cap is
imperfect or out of place the same trouble
will be experienced. A new burner cap and
packing is the remedy.

No. 20 Oven Burner Ring for ’93 and ’94 15 11c

stoves

No. 21 Weight Arm for Oven Burner Ring 15 3c

(right or left) for ’93 or ’94 stoves
No. 22 Oven Rest or Track for ’93 or ’94 50
stoves

No. 23 Oven Rest or Track, made of steel. 20 5c

For ’95, ’96, ’97, ’98, ’99, 1900 or 1901
stoves; each

No. 24 Brass Evaporators 40 4c

No. 25 Name Plate 20 10c

No. 26 Oven Flame Reducer Caps 15 6c

No. 27 Top Flame Reducer Caps 15 6c

No. 28 Glass Domes for Evaporating Tubes 15 12c

1893 or 1894, 5-1⁄16 inch diameter

Always give date of patent on stove and

diameter of dome.

No. 28 Glass Domes for Evaporating Tubes 15 9c

’95, ’96, ’97, ’98 and ’99, 4⅞ in. diameter.
(This with cast ring will fit any stove).

Give latest date of patent on stove and

diameter of dome.

No. 29 Center Tubes for Burner Drums. 20 6c

Give length of tube and say for which
burner, top or step
Describe fully and give date of stove. In
giving length of center tube it is best to
give measurement of old tube as
sometimes the sawed cap becomes warped
up so that the exact length of center tube
cannot be secured from the burner. This is
especially true of the oven burner.

No. 30 Protector Ring for Top of Burner 10 5c

(’93 or ’94 stoves)

Sheets of Asbestos for oven bottom. 20 5c

No. 31 Evaporator Horse Shoe. Many 15 7c

changes have been made in this repair.
Describe fully and give latest date on
stove.

No. 32 Cone Seat Ring. (Say if for top or 15 4c

step burner)

No. 32 B Cone Seat Ring for ’93 and later 15 4c

stoves.

No. 33 Dome Nut. 10 2c

No. 34 Leg for ’92 Flue Extension 20 16c

No. 35 Columns for Top Shelf (Nickel). See 35 17c

number on castings and give date of stove.

Shelf columns of different styles have been

made for 1896 and later stoves. In
ordering it is necessary to give the repair
number and also the date of stove or serial
letter which is found on the number plate.

No. 36 Cast Flue Extension for 1892 stove 30

No. 37 Sub-Burner and Center Tube for No. 25 10c

8 cabinet oven burner

No. 38 Cabinet Range Oven Burner, 2 75

complete

No. 39 Oven Door Hinge, 1893 (right or 15 2c

left)

No. 40 Oven Racks (sheet steel or wire not 30

shown)

No. 41 Patent Plate (not shown) 15 6c

No. 42 Tank Plate 35

No. 43 Tank Plate Handle (not shown) 20 6c

No. 44 Cast Flue (1892 stove not shown). 50

No. 45 Tin Elbows (not shown). 25 5c

No. 46 N. P. Tank Funnel 20 3c

No. 47 End Shelf Hook 10 2c

No. 48 Sub-Burner, complete (not shown) 35 7c

This number is given for the sub-burner
used on the 1895 and 1896 stoves. On the
later stoves the sub-burner casting is
attached to the center tube and top sawed
cap, all of which go together.

No. 49 Sub-Burner Cap (not shown 15 2c

separately)

No. 50 Sub-Burner Flip 20 3c

The cut No. 50 shows the flip for the 1895

and 1896 sub-burner. The flip for later
stoves may be ordered by using the repair
No. 50 and giving the date of stove.

Oven Top 1 00

Oven Back 1 25

Oven End, each 1 00

Oven Door 1 00

Oven Door Front and Bottom 1 25

No. 51 Valves and Pipe for No. 1 Tank ’97, 1 50

’98, ’99, 1900 and 1901

No. 52 Valves and Pipe for No. 2 and 3 2 00

Tank ’97, ’98, ’99, 1900 and 1901

No. 53 Valves and Pipe for No. 4 and 8 2 75

Tank ’97, ’98, ’99, 1900 and 1901
The sets of valves, complete, given as Nos.
51, 52 and 53 are easily put on to the tank
and can be ordered for tanks made in the
years mentioned. For tanks made
previously it is better to order valves
separately rather than complete with
supply pipe.

No. 54 Step Burner, complete. Always give 2 50

date of patent on stove.

No. 55 Weight for Oven Ring, ’93 and ’94 15

No. 56 Top Casting of Heat Collector ’97, 20 13c

’98 and ’99.

No. 57 Sub-Burner for ’96 stove only 20 6c

No. 58 Corner Foot with caster for “New 35 16c

Process” frame

This part is not shown in cut but is used on

the ’99, 1900 and 1901 stoves. In ordering
state for which corner it is wanted.

No. 59 Center Foot with caster for “New 25 10c

Process” frame

No. 60 Middle Bracket Brace, nickel plated, 25 10c

for “New Process” box frame (not shown in
cut). Say whether for right or left side.
 “NEW PROCESS” VAPOR STOVES.
In Ordering Repairs, Always Refer to Cuts Below for Date of Stove.

This cut represents our

1891 “NEW PROCESS” Step This cut represents our
Stove. (Cut of 1890 Stove 1892 “NEW PROCESS” Step
not shown.) Stove.
 This cut represents our
1893 “NEW PROCESS” Step
This cut represents our Stove.
1892 “NEW PROCESS”
Range Cabinet.

This cut represents our This cut represents our

1894 “NEW PROCESS” Step 1895 “NEW PROCESS” Step
Stove. Stove.
 This cut represents our
1896 “NEW PROCESS” Step This cut represents our
Stove. 1897-1898 “NEW PROCESS”
Step Stove.

This cut represents our

1899 “NEW PROCESS” Step
Stove.
 READ CAREFULLY.
As our patterns are changed from year to year, it is absolutely
necessary that we know the year the stove was made for which
you want repairs, and whether it is a No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8. The
stoves are constructed of parts made detachable and
interchangeable, and in ordering repairs be particular to specify, by
number only, just which parts are required. It will not be necessary
to order a drum (10) and heat collector (11) where only the former
is needed. See cut above.
As you face the stove, the parts are “right” and “left.” Valves are
“right,” “left” and “center.” As valves have been changed from year to
year, be particular in ordering valves for old tanks, to specify whether
valves are soldered on feed pipe or fastened with a loose nut or
union, or screwed into a solid nipple. Top brackets for 1893, 1894
and 1895 stoves are “right” and “left,” also the arms for weights.
Step braces are “front” and “back.” If drip and hot air tubes are
wanted, say whether for “right,” “left,” “center” or “oven” burners,
and give the number of stove.
The 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899 and 1900 ovens
are made of sections. New parts can be furnished, which anyone can
put in place in a few minutes.
The “Standard” Ther-Lite Gasoline Stove.
It Furnishes Heat and Light.

This stove is
something
entirely new
and unique. It is
a gas machine,
a cook stove
and an
incandescent
lamp combined.
The stove is
constructed with
a powerful
generator which
is located near
the front of the
stove and is
independent of
all the burners.
This generator can be started quickly, without smoke, and can be
operated at a nominal cost, furnishing gas for all the burners and the
light. The light can be used at any time and independent of the
burners by simply starting the generator. The burners are large, with
removable sawed caps that spread the heat evenly over the bottom
of the cooking vessel. After the generator has been heated there is
no further delay in lighting any of the burners. The “Standard” Ther-
Lite is very simple and easy to operate. It is a safe, efficient and
economical cook stove and, with the additional feature of
incandescent illumination, is the most practical and useful gasoline
stove ever made. The stove can be ordered either with or without the
light. The light attachment can be put on or removed at any time.
 No. 520. “Standard” Ther-Lite Gasoline
Stove.
Price $12.00.

No. 520L. “Standard” Ther-Lite with Light

Attachment.
Price $14.00.
 Code Word “Pack.” With Light “Packing.”

TOP HEIGHT LENGTH NUMBER OF SHIPPING

BURNERS WEIGHT
25″ × 27″ 25″ 2 60 lbs.
17″

The above cut shows the No. 520L Standard Ther-Lite with light
attachment. Can be ordered either with or without the light. Has a
safety tank which is removed for filling. An oven can be placed on top
of stove for baking.
 No. 521. “Standard” Ther-Lite Gasoline
Stove.
Price $14.00.

No. 521L. “Standard” Ther-Lite, with Light

Attachment.
Price $16.00.
 Code Word “Paint.” With Light “Painting.”

TOP HEIGHT LENGTH NUMBER OF SHIPPING

BURNERS WEIGHT
33″ × 27″ 33″ 3 70 lbs.
17″

The No. 521L shown in cut has three large burners and can be
furnished either with or without the light attachment. Has a safety
tank which must be removed for filling. An oven can be placed on top
of stove for baking.
 No. 525. “Standard” Ther-Lite Gasoline
Stove.
Price $18.00.

No. 525L. “Standard” Ther-Lite with Light

Attachment.
Price $20.00.
 Code Word “Pick.” With Light “Picking.”

TOP HEIGHT LENGTH STEP BURNERS SHIPPING

WEIGHT
25″ × 27″ 42″ 18″ × 3 100 lbs.
17″ 24″

The No. 525L shown in cut is a very convenient and suitable stove
for an ordinary family. Has two burners on top of stove and one on
the step for the oven. It is provided with removable safety tank. All
Ther-Lite Stoves can be ordered either with or without the light
attachment. The light can be added to or removed from the stove at
any time.
 No. 526. “Standard” Ther-Lite Gasoline
Stove.
Price $20.00.

No. 526L. “Standard” Ther-Lite with Light

Attachment.
Price $22.00.

Code Word “Pound.” With Light “Pounding.”

 TOP HEIGHT LENGTH STEP BURNERS SHIPPING
WEIGHT
33″ × 27″ 50½″ 18″ × 4 115 lbs.
17″ 14″

The No. 526L is a stove well suited to the use of a large family. It
has three burners on top of stove and one on the step for the oven.
Has safety tank and all the conveniences offered on the other sizes of
Ther-Lite Stoves. It is a veritable gas machine, gas stove and
incandescent lamp combined. Its field of usefulness is unlimited.
 The “Standard” Giant Burner Gasoline
Stove.

The “Standard” Giant Burner

for 1901 is a gasoline stove that
can be fully recommended. The
burners are individual generators
that operate without a sub-fire.
The burner cap is not bolted to
the burner and is easily removed
for cleaning. The burner head is
large and made of brass. It has a
large generating surface and is
Cut shows “Standard” Giant constructed with a lip of brass
Burner With Smokeless Lighter. extending from the top of the
head up above the burner cap
and into the flame. This makes it
a very powerful generator which will maintain a constant, steady
flame even when a heavy grade of gasoline is used. The large upper
needle controls the flow of gas to the burner and should never be
used until after the burner has been heated and ready for lighting.
The lower small needle should never be used except for turning on
the gasoline in the starting cup. In starting the burner it is not
necessary to wait for all the gasoline to burn out of the cup. About
two minutes after the starting cup has been lighted turn on the main
needle and the burner is ready for cooking. The small upright needle
located at the bottom of the large center tube is the cleaning needle
and is only to be used for cleaning the orifice or opening that
regulates the flow of gas to the burner. When a heavy grade of
gasoline is used this orifice is liable to become clogged. To avoid this
the cleaning needle should be turned up every few days and the
orifice kept clean. The “Standard” Giant Burner stove lights quickly
and maintains a large flame which spreads evenly over the bottom of
the cooking vessel. The stove is simple in construction, perfect in
operation, handsome in appearance and is recommended as a good
medium priced gasoline stove.
 No. 151. “Standard” Giant Burner Low
Junior.
Price $8.00.
Code Word “White.”

No. 152. “Standard” Giant Burner Low

Junior.
Price $10.00.
Code Word “Black.”

No. TOP HEIGHT LENGTH NUMBER OF SHIPPING

BURNERS WEIGHT
151 25″ × 15″ 25″ 2 40 lbs.
17″
 152 33″ × 15″ 33″ 3 50 lbs.
17″

The Nos. 151 and 152 “Standard” Giant Burner Low Juniors are
built on the same principle throughout as our other Giant Burner
stoves. Have the improved “Standard” burners and removable safety
tank. An oven can be used on top of stove for baking. They are very
efficient stoves at a low price. The No. 151 has two burners and the
No. 152 has three, all provided with our improved smokeless lighter.
 No. 160. “Standard” Giant Burner.
Price $10.00.
Code Word “Red.”

TOP HEIGHT LENGTH NUMBER OF SHIPPING

BURNERS WEIGHT