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essential_python

The document outlines essential Python skills for data scientists, emphasizing the importance of Python in data science jobs. It covers key topics including Python fundamentals, data manipulation with libraries like Numpy and Pandas, exploratory data analysis, data visualization, and basics of machine learning. Each section includes practical exercises to test skills using datasets from Kaggle.

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harisamser27
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

essential_python

The document outlines essential Python skills for data scientists, emphasizing the importance of Python in data science jobs. It covers key topics including Python fundamentals, data manipulation with libraries like Numpy and Pandas, exploratory data analysis, data visualization, and basics of machine learning. Each section includes practical exercises to test skills using datasets from Kaggle.

Uploaded by

harisamser27
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Essential

Python for
Data Scientists
A step-by-step roadmap

Dawn Choo
Did you know 92% of
Data Science jobs
require Python?
Here are essential
Python skills for
Data Scientists
1 Learn Python fundamentals
Key concepts

Variables and data types


type()
int(), float(), str()
list(), dict()

Control structures
if, elif, else
for loop
while loop
range()

Functions
def
return
args

List comprehensions
[expression for item in iterable if condition]
1 Learn Python fundamentals
Test your skills

Exercise 1

Implement a function to generate random


even numbers.

Exercise 2

Create a list comprehension to extract


vowels from a given string.

Exercise 3

Write a function that uses a loop to


calculate the factorial of a number.
2 Data Manipulation
Key concepts

Libraries: Numpy (np) & Pandas (pd)

Working with arrays


np.array()
np.reshape()
np.concatenate()

DataFrame operations
pd.DataFrame()
df.head(), df.tail()
df.info(), df.describe()

Data selection and filtering


df.loc[], df.iloc[]
Boolean indexing
df.query()
2 Data Manipulation
Key concepts

Libraries: Numpy (np) & Pandas (pd)

Data cleaning
df.dropna(), df.fillna()
df.drop_duplicates()
df.replace()

Merging and reshaping data


pd.merge()
df.pivot()
df.melt()

Grouping and aggregation


df.groupby()
df.agg()
2 Data Manipulation
Test your skills
For these exercises, use any dataset you like on Kaggle.

Exercise 1

Handle missing values and remove


duplicates in a customer dataset.

Exercise 2

Combine multiple related datasets using a


common key, then calculate summary
statistics for each group.

Exercise 3

Transform a dataset from wide format to


long format, creating new 'variable' and
'value' columns.
3 Exploratory Data Analysis
Key concepts

Libraries: Pandas (pd), Matplotlib (plt) & SciPy

Descriptive statistics
df.mean(), df.median(), df.mode()
df.std(), df.var()
df.min(), df.max(), df.quantile()

Data distribution
df.hist()
plt.hist()
scipy.stats.normaltest()

Correlation analysis
df.corr()
plt.imshow() (for heatmaps)
scipy.stats.pearsonr()
3 Exploratory Data Analysis
Key concepts

Libraries: Pandas (pd), Matplotlib (plt) & SciPy

Outlier detection
plt.boxplot()
scipy.stats.zscore()
IQR method using numpy percentile

Time series analysis basics


df.resample()
df.rolling()
Plotting with plt.plot()

Basic hypothesis testing


scipy.stats.ttest_ind()
scipy.stats.chi2_contingency()
3 Exploratory Data Analysis
Test your skills
For these exercises, use any dataset you like on Kaggle.

Exercise 1

Calculate and visualize basic descriptive


statistics for numerical columns in the
dataset.

Exercise 2

Analyze the distribution of key variables


using histograms and test for normality.

Exercise 3

Identify and visualize correlations between


variables, highlighting strong relationships.
4 Data Visualization
Key concepts

Libraries: Matplotlib (plt) & Pandas

Basic plotting
plt.plot() (line plots)
plt.scatter() (scatter plots)
plt.bar() (bar charts)

Histograms and density plots


plt.hist()
plt.kde()

Box plots
plt.boxplot()

Subplots and multiple charts


plt.subplots()
fig.add_subplot()

Customizing plots
plt.xlabel(), plt.ylabel(), plt.title()
plt.xscale(), plt.yscale()
plt.legend()
4 Data Visualization
Test your skills
For these exercises, use any dataset you like on Kaggle.

Exercise 1

Compare the distributions of several


numerical variables using box plots and
histograms.

Exercise 2

Visualize the relationship between two


continuous variables with a scatter plot,
adding a trend line and confidence
interval.

Exercise 3

Design a stacked bar chart to show the


composition of categories across
different groups in the dataset.
5 Machine learning basics
Key concepts

Libraries: Scikit-learn (sklearn)

Model training and evaluation


sklearn.model_selection.train_test_split()
sklearn.base.BaseEstimator.fit(),
sklearn.base.BaseEstimator.predict()
sklearn.model_selection.cross_val_score()

Regression models
sklearn.linear_model.LinearRegression()
sklearn.metrics.mean_squared_error()
sklearn.metrics.r2_score()

Classification models
sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression()
sklearn.metrics.accuracy_score()
sklearn.metrics.confusion_matrix()

Clustering
sklearn.cluster.KMeans()
sklearn.metrics.silhouette_score()
5 Machine learning basics
Test your skills
For these exercises, use any dataset you like on Kaggle.

Exercise 1
Split the dataset into training and test
sets, then build and evaluate a linear
regression model to predict a continuous
target variable.

Exercise 2
Implement a logistic regression classifier,
use cross-validation to assess its
performance, and interpret the model
coefficients.

Exercise 3
Perform k-means clustering on the
dataset, determine the optimal number of
clusters, and visualize the results.
Have any questions?
Share them in the comments below!
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