Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Computing (JAIC)

ISSN (p): 3005-3358

Volume: 1, Number: 1, Pages: 6 - 10, Year: 2023

Implementation and Fabrication of Hybrid Solar

Inverter
Areeba Nasir, Nayab Gull, Raees Ahmad and Syed Saqlain Raza

Corresponding author: Nayab Gull (Email: nayabgul0007@gmail.com)

Received: 25/01/2023, Revised: 20/04/2023, Accepted:20/05/2023

Abstract: Inverters are frequently utilized in home and households and industries can use it. This is where the inverter
industrial settings to act as an alternative source of comes into play [1-5].
electricity in case the utility network's electrical supply is The use of solar energy as a source of electricity has been
interrupted. However, due to the low capacity of the increasing rapidly in recent years. This has been driven by the
battery, the inverter was shut down for the heavy-load need for clean and sustainable energy sources to mitigate the
appliances. This endeavour is constructed in a way that uses impact of climate change. Solar energy is particularly attractive
solar energy to get around this restriction. An inverter because it is abundant, free, and available in almost every part
powered by a battery makes up the hybrid inverter with a of the world. However, the intermittent nature of solar energy
presents a challenge, particularly in areas where the power grid
solar battery charging system. It incorporates maximum
could be more reliable [1, 6-11].
power point tracking (MPPT) to extract maximum power To address this challenge, hybrid solar inverters have been
from the solar panels and efficiently charge the batteries. developed. Hybrid solar inverters combine the functionality
With the assistance of driver circuitry and a transformer, of a solar inverter and a battery inverter in a single device. They
this inverter can generate up to 230V. The solar power are designed to enable solar energy to be stored in batteries and
source itself and the grid power supply are used to charge used when solar does not produce electricity. This provides a
the battery. If the solar power supply is available, the relay more reliable and constant source of electricity, even in areas
circuitry uses the solar power to supply the load. Otherwise, with unreliable power grids [12-20].
the load connects to the grid power supply. The battery is This final-year project aims to implement and fabricate a hybrid
also charged by this solar power source to be used as a solar inverter. The hybrid solar inverter will be designed to
backup in the future. When solar power is unavailable, enable the seamless integration of solar panels, batteries, and
charging the battery with the main supply is a pleasant the power grid. It will be capable of managing the flow of
option. As a result, this inverter may last longer and give energy between these sources, ensuring that energy is stored
the consumer an uninterrupted power supply. efficiently and used when needed.

Keywords: Inverters, maximum power point tracking, II. LITERATURE REVIEW

batteries, solar power.
Much research has been done to improve the quality work in
the field of inverter [3-5]. Various methods are applied in
various regions. Some are working on the biogas and others
I. INTRODUCTION working on the wind energy. But most of the known process is
the solar power technology. The main advantage of the solar is
The world is moving towards renewable energy sources due to the availability of the heat energy most of the time. At night
the increasing concern for environmental degradation and the time, the batteries are used and in this way, the consumers can
finite availability of fossil fuels. Solar energy has gained get energy free of cost. The main component of the research is
significant attention among renewable sources due to its to devise a method of producing the energy with zero cost and
abundance and wide availability. Solar energy is harnessed many methods are proposed in the literature [21-24].
using photovoltaic (PV) panels, which generate direct current
(DC) electricity. However, the generated DC electricity needs III. WORKING
to be converted into alternating current (AC) electricity before
The hybrid solar inverter project utilizes an Arduino Mega and LCD for control and monitoring. It incorporates two power

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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inputs: one from the grid and the other from solar panels. The the constant, which can be studied from the literature [4-8].
grid input is converted from AC to DC, producing a 20V DC
voltage for battery charging. The solar input is connected to an IV. METHODOLOGY
MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) circuit, which
regulates the output voltage and current from the solar panels The battery is connected to the inverter circuit, which
to maximize efficiency. MPPT can improve the efficiency of a transforms the DC voltage into AC voltage, typically a sine
hybrid inverter by up to 30% by ensuring that the solar panels wave. Using a step-up transformer, the desired 220V output is
operate at their maximum power point, regardless of variations produced. The Arduino continuously monitors the total load.
in solar radiation and temperature [2]. In the system, the The Arduino manages a relay that decides whether the output
Arduino Mega is essential. It examines the battery voltage and power comes from the inverter (if the load is less than 200W)
compares it to a predefined minimum value (i.e., 11V) to or the grid (if the load is 300W) based on the load demand.
determine whether charging is required. The Arduino permits The Arduino is programmed to continuously monitor the total
the battery to charge using solar energy if the solar input voltage load power to prevent the system from overloading. The
is within the appropriate range, indicating sufficient solar Arduino activates an overload protection relay, which causes
power. However, the Arduino changes the charging source to the inverter to shut down, if the load reaches 500W, signaling
grid power if the solar input voltage is outside the designated an overload problem.
The project utilizes inputs from the grid and solar panels,
range. However, Arduino runs on 5V DC. So, there's a buck
converter used to power the Arduino and LCD to make the controls battery charging according to solar availability,
regulates inverter output by load demand, and assures safety
voltages 5V and then to measure the real voltages and display
it to the LCD. We have used a formula in the code. through protection systems. The hybrid solar inverter system is
optimized thanks to control, monitoring, and user interaction
made possible by the Arduino Mega and LCD.
For voltages:
Figure 1 shows the block diagram elaborates the complete
!.#
𝑉𝑑𝑐 ∗ %$%&'& ∗ 60 (1) working of the fabrication of a hybrid solar inverter.
for current
!.#
𝑉𝑑𝑐 ∗ %$%&'& ∗ 0.6 (2)
Where Vdc is the voltage (direct current) and the multiplier is

Figure 1: Block diagram of the proposed system.

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V. RESULT environment and help reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

We have successfully designed a hybrid solar inverter with a

pure sine wave. A relay or contactor connects the inverter’s VIII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
output to either the grid or loads in the system. Monitoring the The following enhancements will significantly improve the
relay’s state makes it possible to determine whether the inverter system's efficiency, reliability, and user experience.
is generating power. This information can be shared in real- § Real-time power mixing between grid and solar can be
time with a controller or monitoring system, which can then be explored using zero-crossing techniques.
used to adjust the inverter’s operation, depending on the § The system can automatically take appropriate actions
system’s needs. If the system is experiencing a power outage, by integrating fault detection mechanisms, such as
Arduino will sense the situation, and relays can switch the isolating faulty components or notifying the user of
inverter to an off-grid mode and power critical loads. Our necessary maintenance or repairs.
hybrid solar inverter system is well-optimized thanks to control Integration of a Wi-Fi module can enable remote monitoring
and monitoring by the Arduino Mega and LCD. and control of the system. This enhances user convenience,
allows for better system management, and facilitates proactive
VI. DISCUSSION maintenance.
The existing solar inverter systems need more efficiency and ACKNOWLEDGMENT
reliability when seamlessly integrating solar power with the
grid and backup energy sources. This creates challenges in First, all render gratitude to Allah Almighty, the mostmerciful
maximizing the utilization of renewable energy, ensuring and gracious, who gave us confidence, strength and ability to
uninterrupted power supply, and managing the grid connection complete this task. The way of excellence through thegoal is
efficiently. Consequently, there is a need for an advanced solar achieved, succeeded only with the cooperation, courage and
hybrid inverter that overcomes these limitations and provides a help provided to us by our supervisor Dr Noor Muhammad
robust solution for efficient integration of solar power, grid Sheikh, who has contributed to the concept of the project. We
connectivity, and backup energy sources. thank him for his guidance throughout the course of the study.
Project scope The Department of Electrical Engineering GC University,
The project goals of implementing and fabricating hybrid solar Lahore,provided us with the necessary instruments and other
inverters using relays may include: Increasing the efficiency of resources to deliver research work. We also express our thanks
solar power conversion: Hybrid solar inverters are designed to to the department and to the Head of the Department, who also
optimize the conversion of solar power into usable AC power. helped us complete our project by using innovative techniques.
By using relays, the inverter can switch between different Finally, we thank our family for their love and for generously
power sources, such as solar panels, batteries, or the grid, to providing us with moral and financial support.
ensure that the system is always running at maximum REFERENCES
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Figure 2: Hardware Implementation

Figure 3: Oscilloscope results.

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