Example 6.1.

Double pipe Benzene - Toluene Exchanger. It is desired to heat 9820 lb/hr of cold Benzene from 80oC to 120 oC using hot Toluene
which is cooled from 160oC to 100oC. The specific gravities at 68oC are 0.88 and 0.87 respectively. The othe fluid properties will
be found in the appendix. A fouling factor of 0.001 should be provided for each stream and the allowable pressure drop on each
stream is 10.0 psi. A number of 20-ft hair pin of 2 by 1 1/4 -in. IPS pipe are available. How mani hairpins are required?

1.Heat Balance
Benzene

tave
c

Toluene

Tave
c

Q
m
t

=
=

=
=

=
=

0.5 (80 + 120) =

A + BT + CT2 +DT3 + ET4
0.426123 =
m c dt
9820 x 0.425 x 40 =
0.5 (160 + 100) =
A + BT + CT2 +DT3 + ET4
0.4272712 =

100 F
0.425

166940 Btu/hr
130 F
0.44

m c dt
mt x 0.44 x 60
166940/0.44x60 =

166940 Btu/hr
6323.5 lb/hr

(dth - dtc)/ln(2)

28.854 F

9820

Caloric Temperature
Caloric Temperature: check of both streams will show that neither is viscous at the cold terminal (the viscousities is
less than 1 centipoise) and the temperature ranges and temperature difference are moderate. The coefficients may
accordingly be evaluated from properties at the arithmatic and the value of (u/uw)0.14 may be assumed equal to 1.0

Ukuran
ID
OD
Panjang

=
=
=
=

Pipa dalam
1.25 in
1.38 in
1.66 in

Pipa luar
2 in
2.067 in

Hot Fluid at Anulus (toluene)

Flow area

Cold Fluid at inner pipe (Benzene)

Flow area

D2 = 2.067/12 =
D1 = 1.66/12 =

0.17225 ft
0.138333333 ft

a =

0.008276676

(D22 - D12)/4 =

Diameter Equivalen
Da = (D2^2-D1^2)/D1 =

D = 1.38/12
ap = x D^2/4

Mass Velocity
Gp =

0.115 ft
0.010391071 ft2

W/ap

945042.1 lb/hr.ft2

0.076149046 ft
Viscosity at 100 oF
=
0.5 cp =

Mass Velocity
Ga = W/aa =

764012.6035 lb/hr.ft2

Viscosity at 130 oF
= 0.41 cp =

Jh

Jh

Re =

DxGp/

89818.05

Jh =

Re^0.795/36.5 =

237.8281

0.9922 lb/ft.hr

Re = DaxGa/

58636.19333

Jh = Re^0.795/36.5 =

169.4324894

Tp =
c =
k =

100 oF
0.425 Btu/(lb)(oF)
0.091 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)

(c/k)^1/3 =
Ta =
c =
k =

130 oF
0.44 Btu/(lb)(oF)
0.085 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)

(c/k)^1/3 =

1.725350845

ho = Jh k/Da (c/k)^1/3 a
ho/a =

326.3086381 Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)

tw = tc + (ho/a)/((ho/a)+(hio/p))*Tc-tc)
116.1811941
w =

1.21 lb/ft.hr

hi =
hi/p =

Jh k/D(c/k)^1/3 p

hi/p =

(hi x ID)/(p x OD)

1.781192

335.2104
Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)
278.6689

Clean overall coefficient, Uc:

Uc = (hio x ho)/(hio + ho)
150.3065246
Design overall coefficient, UD:
Rd = 0.001 + 0.001 =

0.002 (hr.ft^2.oF)/Btu

1/UD = 1/Uc + Rd =
UD= Uc/1+UCRd

115.5659054 Btu/(hr.ft^2.oF)

A =

50.06406948 ft^2

Surface:
Q/UD

ExternalSurface/lin ft, a" =

0.435 ft

Required length=

115.0898149 ft
120 ft

This equivalent to three 20-ft hairpin in series.

The surface supplied actually be:

6 x 20 x 0.435
Corrected UD will be:
UD = Q/(A x

52.2 ft^2

t)

The corrected dirt factor will be

Rd = 1/UD - 1/Uc
(Uc - UD)/(UD Uc)

Pressure Drop

110.8371555 Btu/(hr.ft^2.oF)

0.0023692 (hr.ft^2.oF)/Btu

Da' = (D2 - D1)

0.033916667 ft

Rea = Da' x Ga /

26116.46926

f =
s=
=
Fa =

62.5 x 0.87
4fGa^2La/2g^2Da'

0.007185
0.87
54.375 lb/ft^3
23.8989085 ft

Re =
f=
s=
=

halves of tube will flow through only four exchangers

Fp =
Pp

V=

Ga/3600 x

3.903001806 fps

Ft =

3(V^2/2g')

0.709631511 ft

Pa =

((

9.292287244

Fa +Ft) x )/144

62.5 x 0.88

89818.05
0.005693
0.88
55 lb/ft^3

4fGp^2Lp/2g^2D
Fp x /144

8.351841 ft
3.189939

Example 6.1.
Double pipe Benzene - Toluene Exchanger. It is desired to heat 17000 lb/hr of cold Benzene from 80oC to 120 oC using hot Toluene
which is cooled from 160oC to 100oC. The specific gravities at 68oC are 0.88 and 0.87 respectively. The othe fluid properties will
be found in the appendix. A fouling factor of 0.001 should be provided for each stream and the allowable pressure drop on each stream is 10.0 psi A number
of 20-ft hair pin of 2 by 1 1/4 -in. IPS pipe are available. How mani hairpins are required?

1.Heat Balance
Benzene

tave
c

Toluene

Tave
c

Q
m
t

=
=

=
=

=
=

0.5 (80 + 120) =

A + BT + CT2 +DT3 + ET4
0.426123 =
m c dt
17000 x 0.425 x 40 =
0.5 (160 + 100) =
A + BT + CT2 +DT3 + ET4
0.4272712 =
m c dt
mt x 0.44 x 60
289000/0.44x60 =
(dth - dtc)/ln(2)

100 F
0.425

289000 Btu/hr

17000

130 F
0.44

289000 Btu/hr
10946.97 lb/hr
28.8539 F

Caloric Temperature
Caloric Temperature: check of both streams will show that neither is viscous at the cold terminal (the viscousities is less than 1 centipoise) and
the temperature ranges and temperature difference are moderate. The coefficients may accordingly be evaluated from properties at the arithmatic
and the value of (u/uw)0.14 may be assumed equal to 1.0

Ukuran
ID
OD
Panjang

=
=
=
=

Pipa dalam
1.25 in
1.38 in
1.66 in
20 ft

Pipa luar
2 in
2.067 in

Hot Fluid at Anulus (toluene)

Flow area

Cold Fluid at inner pipe (Benzene)

Flow area

D2 = 2.067/12 =
D1 = 1.66/12 =

0.17225 ft
0.138333333 ft

a =

0.008276676

(D22 - D12)/4 =

Diameter Equivalen
Da = (D2^2-D1^2)/D1 =

D = 1.38/12
ap = x D^2/4

Mass Velocity
Gp =

0.115 ft
0.010391071 ft2

W/ap

1636020

0.076149046 ft
Viscosity at 100 oF
=
0.5 cp =

1.21

Re =

DxGp/

155489.5

Jh =

Re^0.795/36.5 =

367.9473

Mass Velocity
Ga = W/aa =
Viscosity at 130 oF
=

1322628.743 lb/hr.ft2
Jh

0.41 cp =

0.9922 lb/ft.hr

Re = DaxGa/
Jh

Jh = Re^0.795/36.5 =

101508.685

Tp =
c =
k =

100 oF
0.425 Btu/(lb)(oF)
0.091 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)

262.1313982
(c/k)^1/3 =

Ta =
c =
k =

130 oF
0.44 Btu/(lb)(oF)
0.085 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)

(c/k)^1/3 =

1.725350845

ho = Jh k/Da (c/k)^1/3 a
ho/a =

504.8367041 Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)

tw = tc + (ho/a)/((ho/a)+(hio/p))*Tc-tc)
116.1811941
w =

hi =
hi/p =

1.781192

Jh k/D(c/k)^1/3 p

hio/p = (hi x ID)/(p x OD)

518.6088
Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)
431.1326

Clean overall coefficient, Uc:

Uc = (hio x ho)/(hio + ho)
232.5413478 Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)
Design overall coefficient, UD:
Rd = 0.001 + 0.001 =

0.002 (hr.ft^2.oF)/Btu

1/UD = 1/Uc + Rd =
UD= Uc/1+UCRd

158.7223359 Btu/(hr.ft^2.oF)

A =

63.10376357 ft^2

Surface:
Q/UD

ExternalSurface/lin ft, a" =

Required length

0.435 ft

145.0661231 ft
160 ft

This equivalent tofour 20-ft hairpin in series.

The surface supplied actually be:

8 x 20 x 0.435
Corrected UD will be:
UD = Q/(A x

69.6 ft^2

t)

The corrected dirt factor will be

Rd = 1/UD - 1/Uc
(Uc - UD)/(UD Uc)

Pressure Drop

143.9077121 Btu/(hr.ft^2.oF)

0.0026486 (hr.ft^2.oF)/Btu

Da' = (D2 - D1)

0.033916667 ft

Rea = Da' x Ga /

45211.81033

f =
s=
=
Fa =

62.5 x 0.87
4fGa^2La/2g^2Da'

0.007185
0.87
54.375 lb/ft^3
95.49742697 ft

Re =
f=
s=
=

halves of tube will flow through only four exchangers

Fp =
Pp

V=

Ga/3600 x

6.756724104 fps

Ft =

3(V^2/2g')

2.126707482 ft

Pa =

((

36.86327993

Fa +Ft) x )/144

62.5 x 0.88

155489.5
0.005693
0.88
55

4fGp^2Lp/2g^2D

33.37305

Fp x /144

12.74665

lb/hr.ft2

lb/ft.hr

r.ft2.oF)

lb/ft^3

hangers

ft

Example 6.1.
Double pipe Benzene - Toluene Exchanger. It is desired to heat 17000 lb/hr of cold Benzene from 80oC to 120 oC using hot Toluene
which is cooled from 160oC to 100oC. The specific gravities at 68oC are 0.88 and 0.87 respectively. The othe fluid properties will
be found in the appendix. A fouling factor of 0.001 should be provided for each stream and the allowable pressure drop on each stream is 10.0 psi A
number of 20-ft hair pin of 2 by 1 1/4 -in. IPS pipe are available. How mani hairpins are required?

1.Heat Balance
Benzene

tave
c

Toluene

Tave
c

=
=

=
=

0.5 (80 + 120) =

A + BT + CT2 +DT3 + ET4
0.426123 =
m c dt
17000 x 0.425 x 40 =
0.5 (160 + 100) =
A + BT + CT2 +DT3 + ET4
0.4272712 =
m c dt
mt x 0.44 x 60
289000/0.44x60 =
(dth - dtc)/ln(2)

100 F
0.425

289000 Btu/hr

## lb/hr

130 F
0.44

289000 Btu/hr
10946.97 lb/hr
28.8539 F

Caloric Temperature
Caloric Temperature: check of both streams will show that neither is viscous at the cold terminal (the viscousities is less than 1 centipoise) and
the temperature ranges and temperature difference are moderate. The coefficients may accordingly be evaluated from properties at the arithmatic
and the value of (u/uw)0.14 may be assumed equal to 1.0

Ukuran
ID
OD

=
=
=

Pipa dalam
1.5 in
1.61 in
1.9 in

Pipa luar
3 in
3.068 in

Panjang

20 ft

Hot Fluid at Anulus (toluene)

Flow area

Cold Fluid at inner pipe (Benzene)

Flow area

D2 = F31/12 =
D1 = C32/12 =

0.255666667 ft
0.158333333 ft

a =

0.031661143

(D22 - D12)/4 =

Diameter Equivalen
Da = (D2^2-D1^2)/D1 =

D = C31/12
ap = x D^2/4

Mass Velocity
Gp =

0.134166667 ft
0.014143403 ft2

W/ap

1201974

0.254501053 ft
Viscosity at 100 oF
=
0.5 cp =

1.21

Re =

DxGp/

133276.7

Jh =

Re^0.795/36.5 =

325.4996

Mass Velocity
Ga = W/aa =
Viscosity at 130 oF
=

Jh
0.41 cp =

Re = DaxGa/
Jh

345754.0919 lb/hr.ft2

0.9922 lb/ft.hr
88686.53531

Jh = Re^0.795/36.5 =

Tp =
c =
k =

100 oF
0.425 Btu/(lb)(oF)
0.091 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)

235.442582
(c/k)^1/3 =

Ta =
c =
k =

130 oF
0.44 Btu/(lb)(oF)
0.085 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)

(c/k)^1/3 =

1.725350845

ho = Jh k/Da (c/k)^1/3 a
ho/a =

135.6724837 Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)

tw = tc + (ho/a)/((ho/a)+(hio/p))*Tc-tc)
108.6804115

hi =
hi/p =

Jh k/D(c/k)^1/3 p

hi/p =

(hi x ID)/(p x OD)

1.781192

393.2403
Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)
333.2194

w =

Clean overall coefficient, Uc:

Uc = (hio x ho)/(hio + ho)
96.41605059
Design overall coefficient, UD:
Rd = 0.001 + 0.001 =
1/UD = 1/Uc + Rd =
UD= Uc/1+UCRd

0.002 (hr.ft^2.oF)/Btu

80.8295237 Btu/(hr.ft^2.oF)

Surface:
A =

Q/UD

ExternalSurface/lin ft, a" =

Required length

123.9148309 ft^2
0.498 ft

248.8249616 ft
240 ft

This equivalent to 6 20-ft hairpin in series.

The surface supplied actually be:

12 x 20 x 0.435
Corrected UD will be:
UD = Q/(A x

104.4 ft^2

t)

The corrected dirt factor will be

Rd = 1/UD - 1/Uc
(Uc - UD)/(UD Uc)

Pressure Drop

95.9384747 Btu/(hr.ft^2.oF)

0.0000516 (hr.ft^2.oF)/Btu

Da' = (D2 - D1)

0.097333333 ft

Rea = Da' x Ga /

33917.95835

f =
s=
=

62.5 x 0.87

0.007185
0.87
54.375 lb/ft^3

Fa =

4fGa^2La/2g^2Da'

3.411090485 ft

V=

Ga/3600 x

1.766304429 fps

Ft =

3(V^2/2g')

0.145333758 ft

Pa =

((

1.342920612

Re =
f=
s=
=

halves of tube will flow through only four exchangers

Fp =
Pp

Fa +Ft) x )/144

62.5 x 0.88

133276.7
0.005693
0.88
55

4fGp^2Lp/2g^2D

23.16078

Fp x /144

8.846131

lb/hr.ft2

lb/ft.hr

r.ft2.oF)

lb/ft^3

hangers

ft

Example 6.1.
Double pipe Benzene - Toluene Exchanger. It is desired to heat 17000 lb/hr of cold Benzene from 80oC to 120 oC using hot To

1.Heat Balance
Benzene

tave
c

Toluene

Tave
c

Q
m

=
=

=
=

=
=

0.5 (80 + 120) =

A + BT + CT2 +DT3 + ET4
0.426123 =

100 F
0.425

m c dt
17000 x 0.425 x 40 =

289000 Btu/hr

0.5 (160 + 100) =

A + BT + CT2 +DT3 + ET4
0.4272712 =
m c dt
mt x 0.44 x 60
289000/0.44x60 =
(dth - dtc)/ln(2)

17000

130 F
0.44

289000 Btu/hr
10946.97 lb/hr

28.8539 F

Caloric Temperature
Caloric Temperature: check of both streams will show that neither is viscous at the cold terminal (the viscousities is less than
the temperature ranges and temperature difference are moderate. The coefficients may accordingly be evaluated from prop
and the value of (u/uw)0.14 may be assumed equal to 1.0

Ukuran
ID
OD
Panjang

=
=
=
=

Pipa dalam
1.5 in
1.38 in
1.66 in
20 ft

Pipa luar
3 in
3.068 in

Hot Fluid at Anulus (Benzene)

Flow area
D2 = 2.067/12 =
D1 = 1.66/12 =

0.255666667 ft
0.138333333 ft

a =

0.036323048

Diameter Equivalen

(D22 - D12)/4 =

Da = (D2^2-D1^2)/D1 =

0.334187952 ft

Ga = W/aa =

468022.4021 lb/hr.ft2

Mass Velocity

Viscosity at 130 oF
=

0.41 cp =

1.21 lb/ft.hr

Re = DaxGa/
Jh

129262.3537

Jh = Re^0.795/36.5 =
Ta =
c =
k =

317.679145

130 oF
0.425 Btu/(lb)(oF)
0.091 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)

(c/k)^1/3 =

1.781191929

ho = Jh k/Da (c/k)^1/3 a
ho/a =

154.0813332 Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)

tw = tc + (ho/a)/((ho/a)+(hio/p))*Tc-tc)
109.7119265
w =

Clean overall coefficient, Uc:

Uc = (hio x ho)/(hio + ho)
104.2004469
Design overall coefficient, UD:
Rd = 0.001 + 0.001 =

0.002 (hr.ft^2.oF)/Btu

1/UD = 1/Uc + Rd =
UD= Uc/1+UCRd

86.23003129 Btu/(hr.ft^2.oF)

A =

116.1541589 ft^2

Surface:
Q/UD

ExternalSurface/lin ft, a" =

Required length

0.435 ft
267.021055 ft

This equivalent to 4 20-ft hairpin in series.

160 ft
The surface supplied actually be:
14 x 20 x 0.435
Corrected UD will be:
UD = Q/(A x

69.6 ft^2

t)

The corrected dirt factor will be

Rd = 1/UD - 1/Uc
(Uc - UD)/(UD Uc)

143.9077121 Btu/(hr.ft^2.oF)

-0.0026480 (hr.ft^2.oF)/Btu

Pressure Drop
Da' = (D2 - D1)

0.117333333 ft

Rea = Da' x Ga /

45383.99051

f =
s=
=

62.5 x 0.87

0.007185
0.87
54.375 lb/ft^3

Fa =

4fGa^2La/2g^2Da'

V=

Ga/3600 x

Ft =

3(V^2/2g')

0.266296298 ft

Pa =

((

1.405756116

Fa +Ft) x )/144

3.456533691 ft

2.39091904 fps

80oC to 120 oC using hot Toluene

Dik

lb/hr

(the viscousities is less than 1 centipoise) and

ngly be evaluated from properties at the arithmatic

Cold Fluid at inner pipe (Toluenene)

Flow area
D = 1.38/12
ap = x D^2/4

Mass Velocity
Gp =

0.115 ft
0.010391071 ft2

W/ap

1053498 lb/hr.ft2

-ft hairpin in series.

Viscosity at 100 oF
=
0.5 cp =

Jh

0.9922 lb/ft.hr

Re =

DxGp/

122104.7

Jh =

Re^0.795/36.5 =

303.6099

Tp =
c =
k =

100 oF
0.44 Btu/(lb)(oF)
0.085 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)

(c/k)^1/3 =
hi =
hi/p =

Jh k/D(c/k)^1/3 p

hi/p =

(hi x ID)/(p x OD)

1.725351

387.1814 Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)
321.8737

Re =
f=
s=
=

62.5 x 0.88

122104.7
0.005693
0.88
55 lb/ft^3

halves of tube will flow through only four exchangers

Fp =
Pp

4fGp^2Lp/2g^2D
Fp x /144

13.8384 ft
5.285499