Salvage Engineer's Handbook: Chapters
Salvage Engineer's Handbook: Chapters
Salvage Engineer's Handbook: Chapters
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S0300-A8-HBK-010
0910-LP-107-7400
U.S. NAVY
SALVAGE ENGINEERS
HANDBOOK, VOLUME 1
(Salvage Engineering)
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
AND SALE; ITS DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED.
S0300-A8-HBK-010
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A (B blank)
S0300-A8-HBK-010
RECORD OF CHANGES
CHANGE
NUMBER
DATE
TITLE AND/OR
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
ENTERED BY
to
C APTAIN C HARLES A. B ARTHOLOMEW ,
whose drive and vision defined the need and created the opportunity
for the handbook, and whose experience and mentorship led the way
in its crafting.
Commander Bert Marsh was commissioned in 1975 through the NROTC program at Oregon State University and immediately attended the Navy
Deep Sea Diving School at the Washington Navy Yard. He is a plank owner in the Special Operations community as a diver and salvor, having
served on both ARS and ASR (salvage and submarine rescue) ships. During his earlier shipboard tours, he served as diver or salvage officer
on numerous aircraft salvage operations and in several ship and small craft recoveries.
As an exchange officer with the Royal Navy, Commander Marsh participated as diver, bell operator, or diving officer on the RN saturation
diving vessel, making open ocean dives to 500 FSW. He then transferred to the Navy Postgraduate School where he earned an MSME and
shifted to the Engineering Duty Officer community.
During tours at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and NAVSEA, Commander Marsh directed salvage operations from Alaska to the Persian Gulf.
His salvage experience has included submarine strandings, hydrofoil PHM salvages, oil and gasoline tanker firefighting and salvage, along with
combat salvage and structural integrity evaluation of the USS PRINCETON during the Gulf War.
Commander Marsh is currently serving as the Commanding Officer of the Navy Experimental Diving Unit in Panama City, Florida.
Lieutenant Commander Richard W. Hooper, a native of Baltimore, Maryland, graduated from Loyola College, Baltimore (Bachelor of Science,
Chemistry and Physics) in 1980 and was subsequently commissioned through Officer Candidate School as an Engineering Duty Officer. His
assignments have included Boilers Officer aboard USS INDEPENDENCE (1981-1984) and Ship Overhaul Project Officer, Drydocking Officer,
and Diving Officer at Norfolk Naval Shipyard (1985-1988). Lieutenant Commander Hooper received his MSME from the Naval Postgraduate
School in 1991 and is currently assigned to the Naval Sea Systems Command, Office of the Supervisor of Salvage and Diving as the Assistant
for Salvage Operations.
The Salvage Engineers Handbook was a significant goal for Captain Bartholomew. His death in 1991 left considerable doubt as to the survival
of this engineering project, however, his road map provided Commander Marsh and Lieutenant Commander Hooper clear direction for the
completion of this undertaking.
S0300-A8-HBK-010
FOREWORD
In a 1948 address to the Society of Naval Architects and Marine
Engineers, Rear Admiral W.A. Sullivan, Chief of Navy Salvage and
Supervisor of Salvage during World War II, called salvage "a branch
of engineering." That precept has been oft quoted, and generally
endorsed by salvors, naval architects, and engineers of various
disciplines who have become involved in salvage work. Despite this
general consensus, no institution offers significant instruction or
grants a degree in salvage engineering. For the most part, individuals
evolve into salvage engineers through years of application of a naval
architecture or engineering education to the problems of ship salvage.
Training by experience has its advantages, but the lack of a welldefined, structured academic base has left salvage engineers with a
dearth of literature specific to the field. If a profession is known by
its technical writing, salvage engineering could easily be overlooked.
There is a fairly extensive body of literature on marine salvage, but
apart from calculation and analysis sections of reports of specific
salvage operations, very little published material addresses the
engineering aspects of ship salvage.
This handbook has been assembled to provide the Navy salvage
engineer an authoritative and comprehensive reference work
comparable to the standard reference works available for other
technical disciplines. Most of the subject matter presented is not
new, but has been gleaned from many different sources. Salvage
engineering is by its nature interdisciplinary, innovative, and
improvisational; it is quite impossible to include in a single volume
a thorough treatment of all the fields encompassed by the profession.
This handbook should be taken as an outline of an extremely broad
and diverse subject. Many of the component subjects are extensively
treated in available literature and the aspiring salvage engineer should
expect to gain a complete knowledge of the profession only by
reference to works on related topics, extensive study of salvage
histories, and time on the proving ground of experience.
R. P. FISKE
Directory of Ocean Engineering
Supervisor of Salvage and Diving, USN
S0300-A8-HBK-010
INTRODUCTION
Salvage engineering is a broad-based, interdisciplinary field. Salvage
engineers must have a firm grasp on the principles of naval
architecture to be able to assess the strength and stability of a
damaged vessel. A working knowledge of strength of materials,
mechanics, dynamics, and structures is requisite, as are some
understanding of soil mechanics, fluid dynamics, coastal processes,
safety engineering, and the theory and practice associated with
rigging systems design and operation, pumping operations,
compressed air system design and operation, metals fabrication,
industrial processes, and explosives use. An effective salvage
engineer will also be familiar with ship operations, deck seamanship,
machinery operation, diving, and oil spill remediation. Above all
else, however, a salvage engineer must understand salvagewhat it
is, and why it is. In the words of Rear Admiral W.A. Sullivan:
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Wartime salvage may fall into any of the above categories, depending
on priorities at the time. The principal reason for wartime naval
salvage, however, is to recover assets that cannot be procured
elsewhere in sufficient quantity at any cost. Examples of wartime
salvage operations include:
vi
S0300-A8-HBK-010
vii
S0300-A8-HBK-010
viii
The feel for the casualty can only be obtained by direct observation.
While it is not possible for the salvage engineer to personally observe
all aspects of a salvage operation, he should get out on deck, crawl
the bilges, and see for himself the condition of the casualty insofar
as practical. The engineer should also make time to observe salvage
work and preparations in progress. By so doing, the salvage engineer
can get a feel for the kind of problems facing the salvors, and may
be able to suggest improvements or modifications. He can also
ensure that systems and components are fabricated to design
specifications. Innocent and seemingly minor field expediencies,
such altering the orientation of timbers or structural shapes to ease
fabrication, can seriously compromise a structure. Time spent in
MBWA (Management By Walking Around) is time well spent. The
engineer who isolates himself from the salvage operation to work on
his calculations is of little practical use to the salvors, and therefore
likely to be ignored.
The amount of engineering analysis that can or should be conducted
is often determined by time constraints. The planned removal of a
wreck that has lain on a beach for some time can proceed in a
thoughtful, orderly mannerthere is little if anything to lose should
the wreck be damaged by weather or surf, so time is available for
extensive data gathering, analysis, and planning. On the other hand,
a casualty stranded on an exposed coast and subject to scouring
currents may be destroyed in days or even hours if not successfully
refloated. It has been said that perfect is the enemy of good enough.
The time and effort expended to perfect a good enough analysis or
plan may not be justified, especially if the delay results in additional
damage to the casualty or prevents successful salvage. This
recognition should be tempered with the realization that some jobs
may be impossible without careful engineering analysis, despite time
constraints. The adage that "there is never enough time to do it right,
but always time to do it over again" may not apply. There may be
only time to succeed or fail on the first attempt.
The almost explosive increase in the power and utility of personal
computers in recent years has greatly increased the ability of the
salvage engineer to provide real-time engineering analysis. A few
computer programs have been developed specifically for salvage
calculations and planning; others are under development. The
NAVSEA Program of Ship Salvage Engineering (POSSE), running
on an MS/DOS-based microcomputer, can perform hydrostatic,
stability, longitudinal strength, and ground reaction calculations. The
U. S. Navy Salvage Engineers Handbook, Volume 2 (S0300-A8HBK-020) describes the capabilities and operation of POSSE. Use
of POSSE or a program with similar capabilities permits the salvage
engineer to provide a quick initial assessment, and to evaluate the
effects of proposed actions before they are taken, even when little
time is available for planning and analysis. The increased speed of
salvage calculations also allows the salvage engineer to spend more
time with the salvors and understanding the problems at hand.
S0300-A8-HBK-010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
HULL FORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
LOCATION OF POINTS WITHIN A SHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
LOCATION OF POINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
SHIP DIMENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
LINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
THE BODY PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
HALFBREADTH PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
SHEER PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
DESCRIPTIVE TERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
COEFFICIENTS OF FORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
BLOCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
MIDSHIP SECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
WATERPLANE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
PRISMATIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
SHIP PROPORTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
OFFSETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
WETTED SURFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
DISPLACEMENT AND BUOYANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
SHIPS WEIGHT, DISPLACEMENT AND CAPACITY . . . . . . . . 1-9
STANDARD LOADING CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
U.S. NAVY SHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
COMMERCIAL VESSELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
LOADING INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
DEADWEIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
CHANGE IN DRAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
TONS PER INCH IMMERSION (TPI)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14
RESERVE BUOYANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14
CENTER OF GRAVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14
CENTER OF BUOYANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
METACENTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
CENTER OF FLOTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
BONJEANS CURVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
APPROXIMATE INTEGRATION TECHNIQUES
AND APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
GRAPHICAL INTEGRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
NUMERICAL INTEGRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
TRAPEZOIDAL RULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16
SIMPSONS RULES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
SIMPSONS FIRST RULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
SIMPSONS SECOND RULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19
APPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19
MOMENTS AND CENTROIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20
SECOND MOMENTS OF AREA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21
VOLUMES AND CENTROIDS OF VOLUME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
GENERAL FORMS FOR AREA
AND MOMENT CALCULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-23
OTHER SIMPSONS RULE FORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26
5, 8, MINUS ONE AND 3, 10, MINUS ONE RULES . . . . . . 1-26
SIMPSONS RULES FOR ANY NUMBER
OF ORDINATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26
1-4.7
1-4.8
1-4.9
1-4.10
1-4.10.1
1-4.10.2
1-4.10.3
1-4.10.4
1-4.10.5
1-4.10.6
1-4.10.7
1-5
1-5.1
1-5.2
1-5.3
1-5.4
1-5.4.1
1-5.4.2
1-5.4.3
1-5.5
1-5.6
1-5.7
1-5.8
1-5.9
1-5.9.1
1-5.9.2
1-5.9.3
1-5.9.4
1-5.9.5
1-5.9.6
1-5.9.7
1-5.10
1-5.10.1
1-5.10.2
1-5.10.3
1-5.10.4
1-5.10.5
1-5.10.6
1-5.11
1-6
1-6.1
1-6.2
1-6.2.1
1-6.2.2
1-6.2.3
1-6.2.4
1-6.3
1-26
1-27
1-27
1-28
1-28
1-28
1-28
1-29
1-29
1-29
1-29
1-30
1-30
1-30
1-32
1-32
1-32
1-33
1-33
1-35
1-35
1-36
1-36
1-36
1-37
1-38
1-38
1-39
1-39
1-39
1-39
1-39
1-39
1-40
1-40
1-40
1-40
1-40
1-41
1-42
1-42
1-42
1-42
1-42
1-42
1-42
1-43
ix
S0300-A8-HBK-010
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
1-43
1-44
1-45
1-45
1-45
1-46
1-46
1-47
1-48
1-48
1-49
1-49
1-50
1-50
1-50
1-51
1-51
1-52
1-52
1-53
1-53
1-54
1-54
1-56
1-56
1-56
1-57
1-57
1-57
1-58
1-58
1-58
1-60
1-60
1-64
1-64
1-64
1-64
1-64
1-65
1-66
1-66
1-66
1-67
1-69
1-69
1-70
1-70
1-70
1-71
1-71
1-71
1-71
1-10.3
1-10.3.1
1-10.3.2
1-10.3.3
1-10.4
1-10.5
1-10.6
1-10.7
1-10.8
1-10.9
1-10.9.1
1-10.9.2
1-10.9.3
1-10.9.4
1-10.9.5
1-11
SHIP
1-11.1
1-11.1.1
1-11.1.2
1-11.1.3
1-11.2
1-11.2.1
1-11.2.2
1-11.2.3
1-11.2.4
1-11.3
1-11.3.1
1-11.3.2
1-11.4
1-11.5
1-11.5.1
1-11.5.2
1-11.6
1-11.7
1-11.8
1-11.9
1-11.9.1
1-11.9.2
1-11.9.3
1-11.10
1-11.11
1-11.12
1-11.12.1
1-11.12.2
1-11.12.3
1-11.12.4
1-11.13
1-11.14
1-11.14.1
1-11.14.2
1-11.15
1-11.16
1-11.17
S0300-A8-HBK-010
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
PAGE
NUMBER
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
HULL STRENGTH IN SALVAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
DAMAGED STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
STIFFENED PLATING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
GRILLAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
DESIGN CURVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
PLATE FAILURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
INTER-FRAME FLEXURAL BUCKLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
INTER-FRAME TRIPPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
GRILLAGE INSTABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
RESIDUAL STRESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
HERZOG FORMULA FOR STIFFENED
PANELS UNDER UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
PLASTIC STRESS AND RESIDUAL STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
ULTIMATE STRENGTH COMPUTER PROGRAMS . . . . . . . . . 2-13
BEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
THEORY OF FLEXURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
DEFLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29
SUPERPOSITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30
OBLIQUE LOADING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
ASYMMETRICAL SECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
CONTINUOUS BEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
CURVED BEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33
CONCENTRIC BEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-34
ECCENTRIC BEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35
STRUTS AND COLUMNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-36
COMPRESSION BLOCKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-36
LONG AND SHORT COLUMNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-37
ECCENTRIC LOADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-38
FLAT PLATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39
CYLINDERS AND SPHERES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42
2-6.1
2-6.1.1
2-6.1.2
2-6.2
2-6.3
2-7
2-7.1
2-7.2
2-7.3
2-7.3.1
2-7.3.2
2-7.3.3
2-8
2-8.1
2-8.2
2-8.3
2-9
2-10
2-11
2-11.1
2-11.1.1
2-11.1.2
2-11.2
2-11.3
2-11.3.1
2-11.3.2
2-11.3.3
2-11.3.4
2-11.3.5
2-11.4
2-11.5
2-42
2-42
2-42
2-43
2-44
2-45
2-45
2-46
2-48
2-48
2-49
2-51
2-52
2-52
2-52
2-53
2-57
2-60
2-60
2-61
2-61
2-62
2-62
2-63
2-63
2-65
2-66
2-66
2-66
2-66
2-66
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
WAVES, SURF, AND SWELLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
DEEP WATER WAVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
SHALLOW WATER WAVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
WAVE FORCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
NONBREAKING WAVE FORCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
BREAKING WAVE FORCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
CURRENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
TIDAL CURRENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
CIRCULATION PATTERNS AROUND TIDAL INLETS . . . . . . . . 3-8
HYDRAULIC CURRENTS IN TIDAL INLETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
NONTIDAL CURRENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
BEACH CURRENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
LITTORAL CURRENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
WIND CURRENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
HYDRAULIC CURRENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
RIVER CURRENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
CROSS-SECTIONAL CURRENT VARIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
FRICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
CORIOLIS FORCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
WATER LAYERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
CURRENT OBSERVATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
CURRENT EFFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
CURRENT FORCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14
SCOUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
WIND FORCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
WEATHER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18
SOIL PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18
GRAIN PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19
AGGREGATE PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
PERMEABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
SHEAR STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SOIL BEARING CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UNIT BEARING STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BEARING CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SEAFLOOR PENETRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BOTTOM BREAKOUT FORCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LITTORAL PROCESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCOURING, SEDIMENTATION, AND
LITTORAL TRANSPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PREDICTION OF BEACH EROSION
OR ACCRETION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RETAINING WALLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ACTIVE EARTH FORCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PASSIVE EARTH FORCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SOIL IDENTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DRY STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DILATENCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PLASTICITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISPERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ORGANIC SOILS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SOIL PROPERTY TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-7.1.4
3-7.2
3-7.2.1
3-7.2.2
3-7.2.3
3-7.3
3-7.4
3-7.4.1
3-7.4.2
3-7.5
3-7.5.1
3-7.5.2
3-7.6
3-7.6.1
3-7.6.2
3-7.6.3
3-7.6.4
3-7.6.5
3-7.6.6
3-8
3-8.1
3-8.1.1
3-8.1.2
3-8.1.3
3-8.2
3-8.3
3-8.3.1
3-8.3.2
3-8.3.3
3-8.3.4
3-8.3.5
ICE
.............................
ICE FORMATION AND BEHAVIOR
ICE FORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SEA ICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INLAND ICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ICE FORCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ICE PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ARTIFICIAL ICE ISLANDS . . . . . . .
CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INTERNAL SHEAR STRENGTH . .
SLIDING AT THE BOTTOM . . . . . .
OVERTURNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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3-21
3-23
3-23
3-25
3-25
3-25
3-27
3-28
3-30
3-30
3-31
3-31
3-32
3-32
3-32
3-32
3-32
3-32
3-32
3-33
3-33
3-33
3-33
3-35
3-36
3-36
3-36
3-37
3-37
3-37
3-38
xi
S0300-A8-HBK-010
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
SALVAGE OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
OFFSHORE SALVAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
HARBOR SALVAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
CARGO AND EQUIPMENT SALVAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
WRECK REMOVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
CLEARANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
AFLOAT SALVAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
PLANNING FACTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
INITIAL RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
INFORMATION DEVELOPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
SALVAGE SURVEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
SURVEY BREAKDOWN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
PRELIMINARY SURVEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
DETAILED SURVEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
TOPSIDE SURVEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
INTERIOR HULL SURVEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
MACHINERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
DIVING AND EXTERIOR HULL SURVEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
SAFETY SURVEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
SURVEY TEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
SURVEY TECHNIQUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
DRAFT READINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
DETERMINING CASUALTY MOVEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
HULL DEFLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
HULL STRAIN READINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
DAMAGE REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
VERIFYING COMPARTMENT DESIGNATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
TANK SOUNDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
UNDERWATER VIDEO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
TIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
HYDROGRAPHIC DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
REPEAT SURVEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
AERIAL OBSERVATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
CORRELATION OF SURVEY INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
STATUS BOARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
SHIPS PLANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
COMPUTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
SUNKEN SHIP SURVEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
4-2.7
4-2.8
4-3
4-3.1
4-3.2
4-3.3
4-3.4
4-3.5
4-4
4-5
4-5.1
4-5.1.1
4-5.1.2
4-5.2
4-5.3
4-6
4-6.1
4-6.2
4-6.3
4-7
4-7.1
4-7.2
4-7.3
4-7.3.1
4-7.3.2
4-7.3.3
4-7.3.4
4-7.4
4-7.4.1
4-7.4.2
4-7.4.3
4-7.4.4
4-7.4.5
4-7.4.6
4-7.4.7
4-7.5
4-8
4-8.1
4-8.2
4-10
4-12
4-12
4-12
4-13
4-14
4-15
4-15
4-16
4-16
4-16
4-16
4-17
4-17
4-17
4-17
4-17
4-18
4-18
4-19
4-19
4-19
4-20
4-20
4-20
4-21
4-21
4-22
4-22
4-23
4-23
4-23
4-23
4-23
4-23
4-23
4-24
4-24
4-24
xii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
THE STRANDING CONDITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
GROUND REACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
DISTRIBUTION AND CENTER OF
GROUND REACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
CENTER OF GROUND REACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
GROUND REACTION DISTRIBUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
DETERMINING GROUND REACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
RESIDUAL BUOYANCY DISTRIBUTION METHOD . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
CHANGE OF DISPLACEMENT METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
CHANGE OF DRAFT FORWARD METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
TONS PER INCH IMMERSION METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
CHANGE OF TRIM METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
SUMMARY OF GROUND REACTION CALCULATIONS . . . . . . 5-8
STRANDING ON MULTIPLE POINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
WEIGHT CHANGES AND GROUND REACTION . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
NEUTRAL LOADING POINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
CHANGES IN GROUND REACTION FROM
WEIGHT CHANGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
USE OF WEIGHT AND BUOYANCY CURVES . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
ENVIRONMENTAL FORCES ON STRANDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
SEAFLOOR EFFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
FRICTION AND FREEING FORCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
TURNING PULL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
MUD BOTTOMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
DAMAGE AND IMPALEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
TIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
TIDE AND GROUND REACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
WAVE EFFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
CURRENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
SCOUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
WIND FORCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
STABILITY OF STRANDED SHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
5-5.1
5-5.2
5-5.3
5-5.4
5-5.5
5-6
5-7
5-7.1
5-7.1.1
5-7.1.2
5-7.2
5-7.3
5-7.4
5-8
5-8.1
5-8.2
5-8.3
5-8.3.1
5-8.3.2
5-8.3.3
5-8.3.4
5-8.3.5
5-8.3.6
5-8.3.7
5-9
5-9.1
5-9.2
5-9.3
5-9.4
5-9.4.1
5-9.4.2
5-9.4.3
5-9.4.4
5-19
5-19
5-19
5-20
5-20
5-20
5-21
5-21
5-21
5-22
5-23
5-23
5-23
5-24
5-24
5-26
5-26
5-26
5-26
5-26
5-26
5-28
5-29
5-29
5-30
5-31
5-32
5-32
5-32
5-32
5-33
5-33
5-34
S0300-A8-HBK-010
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SINKING CONDITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SEAFLOOR EFFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FLUID FORCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WATER DEPTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WAVES AND SWELLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CURRENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STABILITY OF SUNKEN SHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPLETELY SUBMERGED VESSELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FREE SURFACE IN SUBMERGED VESSELS . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TRANSITION FROM SUBMERGED TO
SURFACED STABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-1
6-1
6-2
6-2
6-2
6-2
6-4
6-4
6-4
6-5
6-5
6-6
6-4.1.3
6-4.2
6-4.3
6-4.4
6-4.5
6-4.5.1
6-4.5.2
6-4.5.3
6-4.5.4
6-4.6
6-4.7
6-5
6-6
6-7
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
WIRE ROPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
CORE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
CONSTRUCTION CLASSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
SPECIAL CONSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
EFFECTS OF CONSTRUCTION ON ROPE PROPERTIES . . . . 7-3
TYPE OF LAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
PITCH OR LENGTH OF LAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
PREFORMING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
TYPE OR GRADE OF METAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
WIRE ROPE STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
RESERVE STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
STRETCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
WIRE ROPE TERMINAL FITTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
BENDING STRESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
DRUMS AND SHEAVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
RADIAL PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12
WIRE ROPE SELECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13
WIRE ROPE INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14
CHAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17
STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17
OPEN LINK CHAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17
RIGGING CHAIN END FITTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17
ANCHOR/MOORING CHAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
STUD-LINK CHAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18
WELDED STUD-LINK CHAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
DI-LOK CHAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22
CAST STUD-LINK CHAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25
SQUARE-SECTION CHAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-25
SPECIAL-PURPOSE CHAINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26
CHAIN BENDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28
CHAIN LINKS AND CONNECTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30
DETACHABLE LINKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30
SHACKLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-31
7-3.12.3
7-3.12.4
7-3.12.5
7-3.13
7-4
7-4.1
7-4.2
7-4.3
7-4.4
7-4.5
7-4.6
7-4.7
7-4.8
7-4.9
7-5
7-6
7-6.1
7-6.2
7-6.3
7-6.4
7-6.4.1
7-6.4.2
7-6.4.3
7-6.4.4
7-6.4.5
7-6.5
7-6.6
7-7
7-8
7-8.1
7-8.2
7-8.2.1
7-8.2.2
7-8.2.3
7-8.2.4
7-8.2.5
SWIVELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EQUALIZERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAIN STOPPERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAIN IDENTIFICATION AND INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FIBER LINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FIBERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TWISTED FIBER LINES (3-STRAND)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BRAIDED FIBER LINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FIBER LINE STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STRETCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BENDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TERMINATIONS AND CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DAMAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DETERIORATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RIGGING HARDWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WEIGHT-HANDLING AND LIFTING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BOOMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CRANES AND DAVITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FLOATING CRANES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IMPROVISED SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GIN POLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SWINGING DERRICK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SHEER LEGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TRIPOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OTHER IMPROVISED SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PURCHASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LINE-HANDLING EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ACCELERATION LOADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DECK FITTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BITTS AND SIMILAR FITTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PADEYES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DECK PADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TOWING BRACKET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GENERAL-PURPOSE PADEYES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REPLENISHMENT AT SEA (RAS) PADEYES . . . . . . . . . . . .
PADEYE DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-31
7-32
7-32
7-32
7-34
7-34
7-34
7-36
7-36
7-36
7-36
7-36
7-36
7-37
7-40
7-50
7-50
7-54
7-56
7-59
7-59
7-60
7-61
7-62
7-62
7-64
7-67
7-68
7-69
7-69
7-69
7-70
7-71
7-71
7-71
7-72
xiii
S0300-A8-HBK-010
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
SELECTION OF SPACES TO BE DEWATERED . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
STABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
PATCHING NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
PATCH STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
UNSTIFFENED PATCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
STIFFENED PATCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
PLANKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
BUILT-UP PATCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
LARGE PREFABRICATED STEEL PATCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
CONCRETE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
CEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
AGGREGATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
ADMIXTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
CONCRETE DELIVERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
CONCRETE CONSISTENCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
CONCRETE PROPORTIONING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
CONCRETE STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
DIMENSIONING CONCRETE PATCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
FIBER COMPOSITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
COMPOSITE PANELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
GRP LAY-UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
SALVAGE AND COLLISION MATS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
HANDLING MODERATE-TO-LARGE PATCHES . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12
STRUCTURAL PATCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12
PUMPS AND PUMPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
PUMP THEORY AND TERMINOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
ATMOSPHERIC HEAD (HA)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
VAPOR PRESSURE HEAD (HVP)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
STATIC SUCTION HEAD (HS)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
STATIC DISCHARGE HEAD (HD)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
FRICTION HEAD (HF)I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15
TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD REQUIRED (TDHR)I . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15
TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD AVAILABLE (TDHA)I . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16
NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD (NPSH)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16
PUMP CLASSIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16
PRIME MOVERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17
POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17
DYNAMIC PUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18
JET PUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
8-3.5.2
8-3.6
8-3.6.1
8-3.6.2
8-3.7
8-3.7.1
8-3.7.2
8-3.7.3
8-3.7.4
8-3.7.5
8-3.8
8-3.9
8-3.9.1
8-3.9.2
8-3.9.3
8-3.10
8-3.11
8-3.11.1
8-3.11.2
8-3.11.3
8-3.11.4
8-3.11.5
8-4
8-4.1
8-4.2
8-4.3
8-4.4
8-4.4.1
8-4.4.2
8-4.4.3
8-4.4.4
8-4.4.5
8-4.4.6
8-4.4.7
8-4.5
8-5
8-5.1
8-5.2
8-6
8-6.1
8-6.2
8-6.3
AIR LIFTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SALVAGE PUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ALTERNATIVE PUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INSTALLED PUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PUMP SELECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SIZE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SPACE CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REQUIRED HEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OPERATING REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SLURRIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PUMPING OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIMITING TOTAL HEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DRAINAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PUMPING CALCULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PUMPS IN UNUSUAL SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PUMP POWER REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SPECIFIC GRAVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VISCOSITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VAPOR PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ABRASIVENESS AND CORROSIVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPRESSED AIR DEWATERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPRESSED AIR BASICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPRESSORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SALVAGE COMPRESSORS AND AIR SOURCES . . . . . . . . .
COMPRESSED AIR DEWATERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RECOVERABLE BUOYANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VENTS AND STANDPIPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXPEDIENT BLOWING FITTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REMOVING LIQUIDS OTHER THAN FLOODWATER . . . . . . .
BLOWING AND DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURES . . . . . . . . . . . .
AIR FLOW REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPRESSED AIR DISTRIBUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OPERATIONAL NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMBINED USE OF AIR AND PUMPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXCESSIVE EXTERNAL PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXCESSIVE INTERNAL PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INDUCED BUOYANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXPEDIENT BUOYANCY RECOVERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CAST-IN-PLACE FOAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OTHER WATER DISPLACEMENT METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-20
8-21
8-22
8-22
8-23
8-23
8-23
8-23
8-23
8-23
8-24
8-27
8-27
8-27
8-27
8-28
8-28
8-29
8-29
8-30
8-32
8-32
8-33
8-33
8-34
8-35
8-36
8-37
8-37
8-37
8-37
8-38
8-38
8-40
8-40
8-40
8-41
8-41
8-42
8-42
8-42
8-44
C HAPTER 9 - W EIGHT
9-1
9-2
9-2.1
9-2.2
9-2.3
9-2.4
9-2.5
9-2.6
9-2.7
9-2.8
9-2.9
9-2.10
9-2.11
9-2.12
9-3
9-3.1
xiv
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REMOVABLE WEIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FLOODWATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BALLAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CARGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FUEL AND OTHER LIQUIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STORES AND PROVISIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AMMUNITION AND WEAPONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BOATS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AIRCRAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PORTABLE EQUIPMENT AND UTILITY VEHICLES . . . . . . . . .
STRUCTURE AND FITTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ANCHORS AND CHAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CREW AND EFFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WEIGHT ADDITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLADDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9-1
9-1
9-2
9-2
9-2
9-3
9-3
9-3
9-3
9-3
9-3
9-3
9-3
9-3
9-4
9-4
9-3.2
9-3.3
9-4
9-5
9-5.1
9-5.2
9-6
9-6.1
9-6.2
9-6.3
9-6.4
9-6.5
9-6.6
9-6.7
9-6.8
9-6.9
9-6.10
S0300-A8-HBK-010
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
C HAPTER 10 - E XPLOSIVES
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-3.1
10-3.2
10-3.2.1
10-3.2.2
10-3.2.3
10-3.2.4
10-3.2.5
10-3.3
10-3.3.1
10-3.3.2
10-3.3.3
10-3.4
10-3.4.1
10-3.4.2
10-3.4.3
10-3.4.4
10-3.5
10-3.6
10-4
10-4.1
10-4.2
10-4.3
10-4.3.1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
EXPLOSIVES SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2
EXPLOSIVES THEORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
EXPLOSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
PROPERTIES OF EXPLOSIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
BRISANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
SENSITIVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
SENSITIVENESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
WATER RESISTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
UNDERWATER EXPLOSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
SHOCK WAVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
SCALED DISTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5
BUBBLE PULSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5
BLAST EFFECTS OF UNDERWATER EXPLOSIONS . . . . . . . 10-7
STRUCTURAL EFFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7
LINEAR CHARGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8
MULTIPLE CHARGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9
BALLASTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9
EFFECTS ON MARINE LIFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-10
SAFE DISTANCES FOR ABOVE-WATER BLASTS . . . . . . . . 10-10
EXPLOSIVES WORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11
CHARGE WEIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12
UNDERWATER BLASTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12
CUTTING AND FRACTURING CHARGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-13
SHAPED CHARGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-13
APPENDIX/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
10-4.3.2
10-4.3.3
10-4.3.4
10-4.3.5
10-4.4
10-4.4.1
10-4.4.2
10-4.4.3
10-4.4.4
10-4.4.5
10-4.5
10-4.6
10-4.7
10-4.7.1
10-4.7.2
10-4.7.3
10-5
10-5.1
10-5.2
10-5.3
10-6
10-6.1
10-6.2
10-6.3
10-6.4
FRACTURING CHARGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTACT CHARGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHARGE PLACEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SHIP SECTIONING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SEAFLOOR BLASTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ROCK BLASTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CORAL BLASTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLASTING IMPALEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SETTING ANCHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHANNELING IN SOFT BOTTOMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONCRETE AND MASONRY BLASTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TIMBER AND PILE CUTTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REDUCING UNDERWATER SHOCK WAVE
PRESSURE AND IMPULSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHARGE PLACEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BUBBLE SCREENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FIRING SEQUENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CORPS OF ENGINEERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OPERATIONAL NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TEST SHOTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EXPLOSIVES EXPERTISE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. MILITARY EXPLOSIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMMERCIAL EXPLOSIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX/PARAGRAPH
10-14
10-16
10-16
10-16
10-18
10-18
10-20
10-20
10-20
10-20
10-21
10-21
10-21
10-22
10-22
10-22
10-23
10-23
10-23
10-23
10-23
10-23
10-24
10-24
10-24
PAGE
NUMBER
PURPOSE
..............................................
A-1
A-2
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
................................
A-1
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SHIP-SPECIFIC DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CURVES OF FORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OFFSETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BONJEANS CURVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INCLINING EXPERIMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STABILITY AND LOADING DATA BOOKLET . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DAMAGE CONTROL (DC) BOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TABLES AND DRAWINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DRAFT DIAGRAM AND FUNCTIONS OF FORM . . . . . . . . . . .
DAMAGE CONTROL PLATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIQUID LOAD DIAGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FLOODING EFFECT DIAGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TANK SOUNDING TABLES OR CURVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPARTMENT AREAS AND VOLUMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BOOKLET OF GENERAL PLANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SHIPS INFORMATION BOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STRUCTURAL PLANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DOCKING PLANS AND REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TRIM AND STABILITY BOOKLET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DEADWEIGHT SCALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CAPACITY PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPONENT DRAWINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOGS AND RECORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B-1
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-3
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-4
B-5
B-5
B-5
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-6
B-7
B-7
B-7
B-8
B-8
B-8
B-8
B-2.18
B-2.19
B-3
B-3.1
B-3.2
B-3.3
B-3.4
B-4
B-4.1
B-4.1.1
B-4.2
B-4.3
B-4.3.1
B-4.3.2
B-4.3.3
B-4.3.4
B-4.3.5
B-4.3.6
B-4.4
B-4.4.1
B-4.4.2
B-4.4.3
B-5
xv
S0300-A8-HBK-010
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
B-28
B-28
B-29
B-29
B-29
B-30
B-31
B-31
B-32
B-33
B-33
B-34
B-36
B-36
B-38
B-38
B-38
B-39
B-39
B-6.8.2
B-6.8.3
B-6.9
B-6.9.1
B-6.9.2
B-6.9.3
B-6.9.4
B-6.9.5
B-6.9.6
B-6.10
B-6.10.1
B-6.10.2
B-6.11
B-6.12
B-6.12.1
B-6.12.2
B-6.13
B-6.14
B-6.15
SEABEE SHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BARGE CONTAINER (BACO) SHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TANKERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TANKER PIPING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TANK CLEANING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COASTAL (SMALL) TANKERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MID-SIZE TANKERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LARGE TANKERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DOUBLE-HULL TANKERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BULK CARRIERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ORE/OIL CARRIERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ORE/BULK/OIL (OBO) CARRIERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GREAT LAKES BULK CARRIERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIQUIFIED GAS CARRIERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) TANKERS . . . . . . . . .
LIQUIFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) CARRIER . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHEMICAL CARRIERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BARGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VESSEL CHARACTERISTICS TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B-39
B-40
B-40
B-41
B-42
B-42
B-42
B-42
B-42
B-43
B-44
B-44
B-45
B-47
B-47
B-49
B-49
B-50
B-50
xvi
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
STABILITY STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1
U.S. NAVY STABILITY STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2
WIND HEEL COMBINED WITH ROLLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2
OFFCENTER WEIGHT CRITERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2
TOWLINE PULL FOR TUGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3
HIGH-SPEED TURNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3
TOPSIDE ICING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-3
RESIDUAL (DAMAGE) STABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4
U.S. COAST GUARD STABILITY STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . C-5
WEATHER CRITERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-5
BULK CARRIERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6
TANK BARGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-6
DECK CARGO BARGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7
LIFTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-7
TOWING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-8
MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-9
IMO STABILITY STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-9
IMO RESOLUTION A.167I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-9
IMO RESOLUTION A.562I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-10
LOAD LINES AND LIMITING DRAFT MARKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-12
LOAD LINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-12
C-3.1.1
C-3.1.2
C-3.1.3
C-3.1.4
C-3.1.5
C-3.1.6
C-3.1.7
C-3.2
C-4
C-4.1
C-4.2
C-4.3
C-4.3.1
C-4.3.2
C-4.3.3
C-4.3.4
C-4.3.5
C-4.3.6
C-4.3.7
C-4.3.8
C-4.4
C-13
C-13
C-13
C-13
C-13
C-13
C-14
C-14
C-15
C-15
C-16
C-16
C-16
C-16
C-18
C-18
C-18
C-19
C-20
C-21
C-21
S0300-A8-HBK-010
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
PAGE
NUMBER
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
MATHEMATICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
CUBIC EQUATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
TRIGONOMETRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2
ANGULAR MEASURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2
RIGHT TRIANGLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3
TWO-ANGLE FORMULAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3
GENERAL TRIANGLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3
HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3
STRAIGHT-LINE ANALYTIC GEOMETRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-4
INTEGRAL CALCULUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-5
INTEGRATION BY PARTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-5
INDEFINITE INTEGRALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-5
INTEGRAL TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-6
USES OF INTEGRALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-6
MISCELLANEOUS CONSTANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-7
SOLID MECHANICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-7
UNITS OF MASS AND FORCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-7
STATICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-8
COPLANAR CONCURRENT FORCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-8
NONCOPLANAR CONCURRENT FORCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-9
MOMENTS AND COUPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-9
COPLANAR NONCONCURRENT FORCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-10
NONCOPLANAR NONCONCURRENT FORCES . . . . . . . . . . . D-10
CONDITIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-11
CENTROIDS AND CENTERS OF GRAVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-12
MOMENT OF INERTIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-12
PARALLEL AXIS THEOREM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-12
POLAR MOMENT OF INERTIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-13
PRODUCT OF INERTIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-13
MOMENTS OF INERTIA ABOUT INCLINED AXES . . . . . . . . . D-13
D-3.5.5
D-4
D-4.1
D-4.1.1
D-4.1.2
D-4.2
D-4.3
D-4.4
D-4.5
D-5
D-5.1
D-5.1.1
D-5.1.2
D-5.1.3
D-5.1.4
D-5.2
D-5.3
D-5.4
D-5.5
D-6
D-6.1
D-6.2
D-6.3
D-6.3.1
D-6.3.2
D-6.3.3
D-6.4
D-6.5
D-6.6
D-6.6.1
D-6.6.2
D-6.6.3
D-13
D-14
D-14
D-14
D-14
D-15
D-16
D-16
D-16
D-17
D-17
D-17
D-17
D-18
D-19
D-19
D-19
D-20
D-20
D-20
D-20
D-20
D-21
D-21
D-21
D-21
D-22
D-22
D-24
D-24
D-24
D-25
INTRODUCTION
.........................................
F-1
F-2
CASUALTY DESCRIPTION
.................................
F-1
xvii
S0300-A8-HBK-010
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
CHAPTER/PARAGRAPH
PAGE
NUMBER
G-5.5
G-5.6
G-5.6.1
G-5.6.2
G-5.7
G-5.8
G-5.8.1
G-5.8.2
G-5.8.3
G-5.8.4
G-5.9
G-5.9.1
G-5.9.2
G-5.9.3
G-5.9.4
G-5.9.5
G-5.9.6
G-5.10
G-6
G-6.1
G-6.1.1
G-6.1.2
G-6.1.3
G-6.1.4
G-6.2
G-6.3
G-6.3.1
G-6.3.2
G-6.3.3
G-6.3.4
G-6.4
G-6.4.1
G-6.4.2
G-6.5
G-6.6
G-6.6.1
G-6.6.2
G-6.6.3
G-6.6.4
PILE
AUGURED-IN ANCHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SITE DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPLICATING OR HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . .
SPECIALIZED SURVEY TOOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FLUKE PENETRATION AND KEYING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STATIC HOLDING CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SHORT-TERM CAPACITY IN COHESIVE SOILS . . . . . . . . . .
LONG-TERM CAPACITY IN COHESIVE SOILS . . . . . . . . . . .
SHORT- AND LONG-TERM CAPACITY IN
COHESIONLESS SOILS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FACTORS OF SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DYNAMIC HOLDING CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CYCLIC LOADING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STRENGTH LOSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FACTORS OF SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IMPULSE LOADING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COHESIVE SOIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COHESIONLESS SOILS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOLDING CAPACITY ON SLOPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FOUNDATIONS AND ANCHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOLDING CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LATERAL LOAD CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UPLIFT CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPRESSIVE LOAD CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STEEL STRESS ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SUBMERGED ANCHOR PILE HEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PILE ANCHORS IN ROCK SEAFLOORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LATERAL CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SOIL OVERLYING ROCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ROCK LAYER OVERLYING SOIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UPLIFT CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INCREASING LATERAL LOAD CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOAD APPLIED BELOW THE PILE HEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PILES WITH VARIABLE CROSS SECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SPECIAL SEAFLOOR CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PILE INSTALLATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DRIVEN PILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DRILLING AND GROUTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
JACK-IN PILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
JETTED PILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G-21
G-21
G-21
G-22
G-22
G-22
G-22
G-23
G-24
G-24
G-24
G-24
G-24
G-25
G-25
G-26
G-27
G-27
G-28
G-28
G-29
G-30
G-31
G-32
G-33
G-33
G-33
G-33
G-34
G-34
G-35
G-35
G-35
G-35
G-35
G-36
G-36
G-36
G-36
INTRODUCTION
.........................................
H-1
xviii
INDEX
.......................................................
INDEX-1
S0300-A8-HBK-010
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE
NUMBER TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
FIGURE
NUMBER TITLE
FOR THE
1-42
1-43
1-44
1-45
1-46
1-47
1-48
1-49
1-50
1-51
1-52
1-53
1-54
1-55
1-56
1-57
1-58
1-59
1-60
1-61
1-62
1-63
1-64
1-65
1-66
1-67
1-68
1-69
1-70
1-71
1-72
1-73
1-74
1-75
1-76
1-77
1-78
1-79
1-80
1-81
PAGE
NUMBER
S ALVAGE E NGINEER
STEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-72
STERN ASSEMBLIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-73
EFFECTS OF A SILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-75
FFG-7 TRANSVERSE SUBDIVISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-75
SHEER DEFEATING PROGRESSIVE FLOODING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-75
DEFLECTIONS FROM PRIMARY, SECONDARY,
AND TERTIARY STRESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-76
HULL GIRDER BENDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-76
WATER PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-77
RACKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-77
LOCAL STRENGTHENING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-78
APPROXIMATE BUOYANCY CURVE FOR FULL-BODIED SHIP . . . 1-79
LOAD, SHEAR, BENDING MOMENT
CURVE RELATIONS AND CONVENTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-80
WAVE-INDUCED BUOYANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-82
TROCHOIDIAL WAVE FORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-82
INEFFECTIVE SHADOW ZONES AT DISCONTINUITIES . . . . . . . . . 1-84
MOMENT OF INERTIA FOR INCLINED PLATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-85
FRIGATE HULL SECTION AT STATION 10I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-86
SHEAR STRESS IN THE HULL GIRDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-88
SHEAR STRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-89
BUOYANCY, WEIGHT, AND LOAD CURVES FOR FFG-7I . . . . . . . 1-93
STILL WATER LOAD, SHEAR, AND BENDING
MOMENT CURVES FOR FFG-7I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-93
STILL WATER BENDING STRESSES FOR FFG-7I . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-94
STRESSES IN INCLINED SHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-94
HULL GIRDER DEFLECTION DETERMINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-97
STATION COEFFICIENT WEIGHT CURVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-98
MACHINERY WEIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-99
COFFIN DIAGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-101
ADJUSTING LCG OF THE COFFIN DIAGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-101
GENERAL PARALLEL MIDBODY WEIGHT CURVE . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-102
CENTROID OF A TRAPEZOID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-102
PARABOLIC WEIGHT CURVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-103
ALTERNATE WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION FOR SHIPS
WITHOUT PARALLEL MIDBODY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-103
FFG-7 BENDING MOMENT WITH VARYING WAVELENGTH . . . . 1-103
RATIO OF MAXIMUM TO STANDARD WAVE BENDING MOMENT
AS A FUNCTION OF BLOCK COEFFICIENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-104
NORMALIZED WAVE BENDING MOMENT AS A FUNCTION
OF BLOCK COEFFICIENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-104
RATIO OF WAVE BENDING MOMENT TO STANDARD
BENDING MOMENT, CB =0.46I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-105
RATIO OF WAVE BENDING MOMENT TO STANDARD
BENDING MOMENT, CB =1.0I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-105
NORMALIZED WAVE BENDING MOMENT AS A
FUNCTION OF WAVE HEIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-106
DETERMINATION OF STILL WATER BENDING MOMENT
BY MURRAYS METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-106
MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENT FOR FFG-7I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-109
xix
S0300-A8-HBK-010
FIGURE
NUMBER TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
FIGURE
NUMBER TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
2-25
2-26
2-27
2-28
2-29
2-30
2-31
2-32
2-33
2-34
2-35
2-36
2-37
2-38
2-39A
2-39B
2-40
2-41
2-42
2-43
2-44
2-45
2-46
2-47
2-43
2-44
2-45
2-46
2-46
2-47
2-48
2-51
2-52
2-53
2-54
2-54
2-55
2-55
2-56
2-57
2-60
2-61
2-62
2-63
2-64
2-65
2-65
2-66
3-12
3-13
3-14
3-15
3-16
3-17
3-18
3-19
3-20
3-21
3-22
C HAPTER 4 - S URVEYS
4-1
xx
AND
P LANNING
3-14
3-14
3-15
3-22
3-26
3-27
3-28
3-29
3-31
3-32
3-37
S0300-A8-HBK-010
FIGURE
NUMBER TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
FIGURE
NUMBER TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
C HAPTER 6 - S UNKEN
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
6-7
5-12
5-13
5-14
5-15
5-16
5-17
5-18
5-19
5-20
5-21
5-22
AND
6-5
6-6
6-7
6-8
6-9
6-7
5-20
5-21
5-24
5-25
5-27
5-28
5-28
5-30
5-32
5-33
5-33
C APSIZED S HIPS
SUBMERGED EQUILIBRIUM ATTITUDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
SUNKEN SHIP STABILITY. MAIN DECK ABOVE WATER . . . . . . . . . 6-9
SUNKEN SHIP STABILITY. MAIN DECK ABOVE WATER . . . . . . . . . 6-9
SUNKEN SHIP PARTIALLY SUPPORTED BY BUOYANCY . . . . . . . . 6-10
GROUND REACTION FOR PARTIALLY BUOYANT
(SUBMERGED) SHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
7-30
7-31
7-32
7-33
7-34
7-35
7-36
7-37
7-38
7-39
7-40
7-41
7-42
7-43
7-44
7-45
7-46
7-47
7-48
7-49
7-50
7-51
7-52
7-53
7-54
7-55
7-56
7-57
7-58
7-59
7-60
7-61
TYPICAL LINKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DETACHABLE LINKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAIN SHACKLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SWIVELS, GROUND RING, AND SPIDER PLATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EQUALIZER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAIN STOPPERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RIGGING HARDWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PLATE SHACKLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TURNBUCKLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DERRICKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NOMENCLATURE FOR CARGO BOOM AND KINGPOST . . . . . . . .
FORCES ON CARGO RIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STUELKEN OR NEWPORT NEWS HEAVY LIFT BOOM . . . . . . . . .
ROTATING CRANES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ROTATING NONTOPPING CRANES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NONROTATING CRANES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SALVAGE SHEER LEGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TYPICAL OFFSHORE FLOATING CRANE LIFT CURVES . . . . . . . .
GIN POLE FORCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MODIFIED GIN POLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IMPROVISED SWINGING DERRICK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHICAGO BOOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FIELD-BUILT SEER LEGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TRIPODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IMPROVISED WEIGHT-HANDLING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PURCHASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HEAVY PURCHASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LINE-HANDLING EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VERTICAL FREE-STRANDING PADEYE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HORIZONTAL PADEYES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SMIT TOWING BRACKET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PADEYE DESIGN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-30
7-30
7-31
7-31
7-32
7-33
7-40
7-40
7-49
7-50
7-50
7-51
7-54
7-55
7-55
7-56
7-57
7-58
7-59
7-60
7-60
7-61
7-61
7-62
7-63
7-65
7-66
7-67
7-70
7-70
7-71
7-72
xxi
S0300-A8-HBK-010
FIGURE
NUMBER TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
FIGURE
NUMBER TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
8-14
8-15
8-16
8-17
8-18
8-19
8-20
8-21
8-22
8-23
8-24
8-25
8-26
8-27
8-24
8-25
8-26
8-31
8-35
8-36
8-36
8-37
8-38
8-39
8-41
8-42
8-43
8-44
C HAPTER 9 - W EIGHT
9-1
9-2
9-3
9-4
9-5
9-6
9-7
9-8A
9-8B
9-9
C HAPTER 10 - E XPLOSIVES
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-8
10-9
10-10
10-11
10-12
10-13
10-14
10-15
10-16
10-17
10-18
10-19
10-20
10-21
10-22
10-12
10-13
10-14
10-15
10-15
10-16
10-18
10-19
10-20
10-21
10-22
10-22
xxii
B-11
B-12
B-13
B-14
B-15
B-16
B-17
B-18
B-19
B-20
INTERMODAL CONTAINER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VERTICAL CELL CONTAINER SHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ROLL-ON/ROLL-OFF SHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BARGE CARRIERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TANKERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TANKER PIPING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BULK CARRIERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OBO PROFILE, DECK PLANS, AND LOADING CONDITIONS . . . .
GREAT LAKE BULK CARRIERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIQUEFIED GAS CARRIERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B-33
B-35
B-37
B-39
B-40
B-41
B-43
B-45
B-46
B-48
S0300-A8-HBK-010
FIGURE
NUMBER TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
A PPENDIX C - S TABILITY
C-1
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
AND
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-4
C-7
C-9
FIGURE
NUMBER TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
C ONSTRUCTION S TANDARDS
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-11
C-10
C-12
C-14
C-19
C-20
D-14
D-15
D-16
D-17
D-18
D-19
D-20
D-21
D-22
D-23
D-18
D-19
D-20
D-21
D-22
D-24
D-24
D-25
D-25
D-25
F-10
F-11
F-12
F-13
F-14
F-15
F-16
F-17
F-18
F-23
F-23
F-24
F-26
F-28
F-30
F-30
F-33
F-34
G-15
G-16
G-17
G-18
G-19
G-20
G-21
G-22
G-23
G-24
G-25
G-26
G-27
G-28
JETTED-IN ANCHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SOIL FAILURE MODES FOR DIRECT-EMBEDMENT ANCHORS . .
SHORT-TERM HOLDING CAPACITY FACTORS FOR
COHESIVE SOIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TIME FOR DISSIPATION OF EXCESS PORE PRESSURE . . . . . . . .
DIRECT-EMBEDMENT ANCHOR CYCLIC LOAD CAPACITY
(WITHOUT SOIL STRENGTH LOSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STRAIN-RATE FACTOR (I) FOR COHESIVE SOIL . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INERTIAL FACTOR (IF)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
STRAIN-RATE FACTOR (I) FOR COHESIONLESS SOIL . . . . . . . . .
ANCHOR PILES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LATERAL SOIL PRESSURE AND SKIN FRICTION
ON PILE ANCHOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COEFFICIENTS AY, BY, NHI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MOMENT COEFFICIENTS AM AND BMI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PILE ANCHOR FAILURE MODES IN ROCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IMPROVING PILE ANCHOR LATERAL CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G-20
G-22
G-23
G-25
G-25
G-26
G-26
G-27
G-28
G-29
G-30
G-32
G-33
G-35
F OLDOUTS
FO-1
FO-2
FO-3A
FO-3B
FO-4
FO-5
S0300-A8-HBK-010
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
NUMBER TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
TABLE
NUMBER TITLE
FOR THE
1-12
1-13
1-14
1-15
1-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
PAGE
NUMBER
S ALVAGE E NGINEER
2-10
2-11
2-12
2-13
2-14
2-15
2-16
2-17
2-37
2-41
2-49
2-50
2-51
2-58
2-59
2-64
SHAPE COEFFICIENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HEIGHT COEFFICIENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PIANC SOIL CLASSIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TYPICAL SOIL INDEX PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERMEABILITY COEFFICIENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-17
3-17
3-18
3-19
3-21
3-21
3-7
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-13
3-23
3-23
3-24
3-24
3-29
3-31
3-34
C HAPTER 6 - S UNKEN
6-1
5-2
5-3
AND
C APSIZED S HIPS
xxv
S0300-A8-HBK-010
TABLE
NUMBER TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
TABLE
NUMBER TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
7-27
7-28
7-29
7-30
7-31
7-32
7-33
7-34
7-35
7-36
7-37
7-38
7-39
7-40
7-41
7-42
7-43
7-44
7-45
7-46
7-47
7-48
7-39
7-41
7-42
7-42
7-43
7-43
7-44
7-44
7-45
7-45
7-46
7-46
7-47
7-48
7-53
7-53
7-54
7-68
7-69
7-69
7-69
7-71
8-13
8-14
8-15
8-16
8-17
8-18
8-19
8-20
8-21
8-22
8-17
8-20
8-21
8-22
8-26
8-26
8-30
8-32
8-35
8-35
C HAPTER 9 - W EIGHT
9-1
9-2
9-3
9-4
xxvi
9-2
9-3
9-4
9-6
9-5
9-6
9-7
9-8
S0300-A8-HBK-010
TABLE
NUMBER TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
TABLE
NUMBER TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
C HAPTER 10 - E XPLOSIVES
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-18
10-19
10-21
10-24
B-10
B-11
B-12
B-12
B-12
B-14
B-15
B-16
B-18
B-19
B-20
B-21
B-23
B-24
B-24
B-25
B-26
B-27
B-27
B-27
B-31
A PPENDIX C - S TABILITY
C-1
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
AND
B-22
B-23
B-24
B-25
B-26
B-27
B-28
B-29
B-30
B-31
B-32
B-33
B-34A
B-34B
B-35A
B-35B
B-33
B-34
B-38
B-38
B-40
B-44
B-47
B-49
B-49
B-51
B-52
B-53
B-54
B-55
B-56
B-57
C ONSTRUCTION S TANDARDS
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
C-11
C-12
C-18
C-20
C-21
C-21
C-22
C-22
xxvii
S0300-A8-HBK-010
TABLE
NUMBER TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
TABLE
NUMBER TITLE
PAGE
NUMBER
D-4
D-5
D-6
E-1
E-10
E-11
E-12
E-1
E-13
E-2
E-2
E-3
E-5
E-7
E-8
E-9
E-14
E-15
E-16
E-17
E-18
E-19
E-20
E-10
E-11
E-12
E-13
E-14
E-15
E-15
E-16
E-17
E-18
E-21
xxviii
G-11
G-12
G-13
G-14
G-15
G-16
G-17
G-21
G-22
G-27
G-28
G-30
G-33
G-34
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Other Abbreviations:
ABS
AISC
AISI
API
ASCE
ASME
ASNE
ASTM
BUSHIPS
CFR
DM
DDS
FM
GENSPECs
BHP
BS&W
CB
CFM
CG
EHP
EOD
ESSM
FC
FSW
GPM
HGPS
IHP
IPS
IWRC
LEL
MARAD
NAVSEA 00C
IMCO
IMO
(R) INA
NAVSEA
NAVSHIPS
NAVFAC
NSTM
OCIMF
SDS
SAE
SNAME
TM
USC
UWSHM
NCEL
NOAA
NOS
NOSC
NOSCDR
NPSHA
NPSHR
PMS
POL
PPM
PSI
RPM
SCF
SCFM
SHCP
SITREP
SHP
SWL
TDHA
TDHR
UEL
USAV
USCGC
USNS
USS
WSC
XIPS, EIPS
Brake Horsepower
Bottom Sediment and Water
Center of Buoyancy
Cubic Feet per Minute
Center of Gravity
Effective horsepower
Explosive Ordnance Disposal
Emergency Ship salvage Material
Fiber Core
Feet of Seawater
Gallons per Minute
High Grade Plow Steel
Indicated horsepower, installed horsepower
Improved Plowed Steel
Independent Wire Rope Core
Lower Explosive Level
Maritime Administration
Naval Sea Systems Command, Director of Ocean
Engineering and Supervisor of Salvage
Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric
Administration
National Ocean Service
Naval On-Scene Coordinator
Naval On-Scene Commander
Net Positive Suction Head Available
Net Positive Suction Head Required
Preventive Maintenance System
Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants
Parts per Million
Pounds Per Square Inch
Revolutions Per Minute
Standard Cubic Feet
Standard Cubic Feet per Minute
Ship Hull Characteristics Program
Situational Report
Shaft Horsepower
Safe Working Load
Total Dynamic Head Available
Total Dynamic Head Required
Upper Explosive Level
United States Army Vessel
United States Coast Guard Cutter
United States Naval Ship
United States Ship
Wire Strand Core
Extra Improved Plowed Steel
S0300-A8-HBK-010
S0300-A8-HBK-010
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliography-1
S0300-A8-HBK-010
SALVAGE REPORTS
Boyd, J. H., Suez Canal SALVOPS in 1974, 1974.
Removal of ten large wrecks from the Suez Canal in seven months.
Commander Service Group THREE/Commander Task Force SEVENTY-THREE ltr 4740, ser 70-0172, of 16 Jun, 1966, SS EXCELLENCY
Salvage Operations; report of.
Refloating of MSTS freighter stranded on Triton Island by pulling/wrenching with beach gear and tugs, and discharging 368 tons of
cargo into an LST.
"Marine Technology Society Journal," Second Quarter 1984.
Issue devoted to marine salvage, with reports of several operations.
Matich, M.A. J., Burial of Wreck Obstructing the St. Lawrence Channel, N.Z. Engineering, 15 February 1969.
Soil Mechanics aspects of the successful disposal of a 527-foot ore carrier in the river bottom to below specified navigation clearance.
NAVSEA S0300-BJ-RPT-010, Commercial Aircraft Salvage Operations, 10 February 1991.
Four aircraft recovery/salvage report overviews (KAL Flight 007, Air India Flight 182, South African Airways Flight 295, and United
Airlines Flight 811), illustrating the evolution of recovery/ salvage equipment and procedures.
NAVSEA SL740-AC-RPT-010/SUPSALV, USCGC MESQUITE Salvage Operation Dec. 89-July 90 Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, 19 July
1991.
Removal and disposal of 180-foot buoy tender from shallow water over a rock ledge. Details construction and employment of heavy
lift barge and preparations of wreck for lifting.
NAVSEA Supervisor of Salvage Report, USNS Chauvenet Salvage Report, 1982.
Difficult refloating of AGOR stranded on steeply shelving coral reef; addresses solutions to stability problems and lack of suitable beach
gear anchorages.
NAVSEA Supervisor of Salvage Report 84-06, EX-USS BLUEGILL Salvage Operations, 1984.
GATO class submarine (WW II fleetboat) raised from 138 FSW on internal buoyancy with 8.4 ton salvage pontoon for added lift and
control.
NAVSEA SL740-AB-RPT-010/SUPSALV, Barge 45 Salvage Operations, Buffalo, N.Y. 1986, 1988.
Removal and disposal of barge in heavy current in Niagara river. Calculations include hydrodynamic force prediction and ad hoc lift
barge design
NAVSEA T9597-AB-RPT-010/SUPSALV, EX-USS TORTUGA (LSD 26) Salvage Report, 1989.
Removal and scuttling of large vessel from San Miguel Island. Details extensive topside weight removal and use of prototype Ship
Salvage Engineering Program (SSEP).
NAVSEA T9597-AA-RPT-010/SUPSALV, Space Shuttle "Challenger" Salvage Report, 1988.
Underwater search and salvage using manned and unmanned submersibles in a logistically complex operation.
NAVSEA 0994-016-7010/SUPSALV, "A. Mackenzie" Salvage Operation, 1975.
Unique operation using "cut in place and lift" technique; report details solutions to difficulties encountered using explosives as a cutting
technique.
Bibliography-2
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Bibliography-3
S0300-A8-HBK-010
NOAA Diving Manual, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Manned Undersea Science And Technology Office, 1979.
Comprehensive treatment of diving and related technology as applied to scientific research.
Talkington, Howard R., Undersea Work Systems, Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA., 1981.
Fabrication and design of underwater work systems, including vehicles.
Tucker, Wayne C., Divers Handbook of Underwater Calculations, Cornell Maritime Press, 1980.
Calculations and data commonly used in underwater work for divers and engineers.
NAVAL ARCHITECTURE
Lewis, E. V. (Editor), Principles of Naval Architecture, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME), Second Revision, 1988.
Standard reference of basic naval architecture calculations and methods.
Taggart, R. (Editor), Ship Design and Construction, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME), Second Edition, 1980.
Companion volume to PNA, addressing advanced topics.
Atwood, E. L. and Pengelly, H. S., Theory of Naval Architecture, 1937.
Comprehensive text and reference by a recognized master of the subject. A "standard" reference.
Muckle, W., revised by Taylor, D. A., Muckles Naval Architecture, Second Edition, Butterworths, 1987.
Fundamental principles and practices of naval architecture.
Gillmer, Thomas C. and Johnson, Bruce, Introduction to Naval Architecture, Naval Institute Press, 1987.
Fundamental text written for freshmen naval architecture students.
Rawson, K. J. and Tupper, E. C., Basic Ship Theory, Volumes 1 and 2, Third Edition, Longman Inc., 1983.
Introductory naval architecture, including computer application and usage.
Pursey, H. J., Merchant Ship Construction, Seventh Edition, Brown, Son, and Ferguson Ltd., 1975.
Illustrated discussion of construction and arrangement of ship structural components.
Manning, George C., Manual of Ship Construction, D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 1942.
Fundamentals of naval architecture, ship construction, and shipyard practice.
Bibliography-4
S0300-A8-HBK-010
White, G. W., Elementary Beam Theory and the Ship Girder, Stanford Maritime Ltd., 1979.
Shipboard loading and discharging operations, strength of materials, ship girders, and problem solving by manual and automated
methods.
NAVFAC DM 28, Design Manual: Weight Handling Equipment and Service Craft, 1975.
Design data and operating procedures for heavy lift equipment on all types of platforms.
NAVSEA 0900-LP-097-4010, Structural Design Manual for Naval Surface Ships, 15 Dec 1976.
Comprehensive steel and aluminum ship structure design manual.
PB 171471, NAVSHIPS 250-443-1, Manual of Properties of Combined Beam and Plate, Volumes 1 and 2.
Tabulated area, moment of inertia, and section modulus for various stiffener-plating combinations.
NAVSHIPS 250336, Wood: A Manual for Its Use as a Shipbuilding Material, 1957.
Wooden ship design and construction in four volumes.
Bibliography-5
S0300-A8-HBK-010
ENGINEERING
Ocean, Coastal, and Marine Geotechnical Engineering:
Beer, Tom, Environmental Oceanography, Pergamon Press Inc., 1983
An introduction to coastal zone processes, including wave generation and decay, surf, current effects, and beach erosion/accretion.
Myers, John J., Holm, Carl H., McAllister, and Raymond F. (Editors), Handbook of Ocean and Underwater Engineering, McGraw-Hill Book
Co., Inc., 1969.
Guidelines for design of systems and structures for over-water construction; written for engineers without ocean-related background
Rocker, Karl, Handbook for Marine Geotechnical Engineering, Naval Civil Engineering Lab, 1985.
Response of seafloor materials to foundation and mooring loads. Includes very comprehensive discussion of performance factors for
all types of anchors.
Puech, A., The Use of Anchors in Offshore Petroleum Operations, Gulf Publishing Company, 1984.
Excellent guide to drag anchor selection and employment. Descriptions and data for wide selection of commercial anchors.
CRC Practical Handbook of Marine Science, Chemical Rubber Company, 1990.
Reference data of physical, chemical and biological aspects of the ocean environment. Includes air-sea interactions and ocean
engineering information.
Shore Protection Manual, Volumes 1 and 2, Fourth Edition, U. S. Army Coastal Engineering Research Center, 1984.
Volume 1 analysis and solution of coastal design problems.
Volume 2 details of selected projects such as seawalls and breakwaters.
TM 5-360, Port Construction and Rehabilitation, Department of the Army, 1964.
Construction and rehabilitation of ship unloading and cargo handling facilities in theater of operations harbors; harbor clearance; port
administration
Huston, John, Hydraulic Dredging, Cornell Maritime Press, 1970.
Design, hydraulics, pipe friction and pump hydraulics related to hydraulic dredging.
Bibliography-6
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Turner, Thomas M., Fundamentals of Hydraulic Dredging, Cornell Maritime Press, 1984.
A noncalculus approach emphasizing hydraulic principles.
Herbich, John B., Coastal and Deep Ocean Dredging, Gulf Publishing Company, 1975.
Theory of centrifugal pumps, dredge pump cavitation, head losses, and pipeline transport of solids.
Driscoll, Alan H. (Editor), Handbook of Oceanic Winch, Wire, and Cable Technology, Second Edition, 1989.
Comprehensive handbook encompassing most aspects of usage and safety of wire rope, winches, sheaves. Includes sections on Kevlar,
fiber optics, coatings, testing, and calculation tables.
Vendrell, J., The Oil Rig Moorings Handbook, Brown, Son and Ferguson, Ltd., 1985.
Anchoring and mooring systems for various rigs; details computer programs useful in catenary calculations.
API Recommended Practice 2P (RP2P), Analysis of Spread Mooring Systems for Floating Drilling Units, Second Edition, American Petroleum
Institute, 1987.
Design, and evaluation of spread mooring systems for floating drilling platforms.
Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) Design Manuals:
DM 25.1, Waterfront Operational Facilities, 1971 Design criteria for piers and wharves
DM 26.1, Harbors, (Change 1), 1984 General planning criteria including functional layout and data sources.
DM 26.2, Coastal Protection, 1982 Principles of coastal structures with general planning and structural design criteria. Includes wave
theory and transformations.
DM 26.3, Dredging, 1968 Dredging project logistics for harbors, turning basins, and channels.
DM 26.4, Fixed Moorings, 1986 Guidelines for designing and loading fixed moorings.
DM 26.5, Fleet Moorings, Basic Criteria and Planning Guidelines, 1985 Criteria and planning guidelines with example calculations
for design of fleet moorings.
DM 26.6, Mooring Design, Physical and Empirical Data, 1986 Vessel characteristics, strength and dimensions of anchors, buoy, chain
and fittings.
Mechanical Engineering, Structures:
Parrish, A., Mechanical Engineers Reference Book, Butterworths, 1973.
General reference mechanical engineering topics, with extensive tables and charts.
Karassik, Krutzsch, William C., Fraser, Warren H., and Messina, Joseph P. (Editors), Pump Handbook, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill Book
Company, 1985.
In-depth treatment of pump design, application, selection, and operation.
Syska, R. E. and Birk, J. R. (Editors), Pump Engineering Manual, The Duriron Company, Inc. 1983.
Compact guide to pump selection, installation and operation.
Mih, W. C., Chen, C. K. and Orsborn, J. F., Bibliography of Solid-Liquid Transport in Pipelines, Albrook Hydraulic Laboratory College of
Engineering Research Division Washington State University, December 1971.
Bibliography with brief theoretical discussion of slurry transport.
Bibliography-7
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Bibliography-8
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Troxell, G. E., Harmer, E. D., and Kelly, J. W., Composition and Properties of Concrete, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1968
Concrete proportioning and placement, structural properties
Meyers, Arnold, Current Bibliography of Offshore Technology and Offshore Literature Classifications, ASR Marketing, 1984.
Chen, Andrie T. and Leidersdorf, Craig B. (Editors), Arctic Coastal Processes and Slope Protection Design, American Society of Civil
Engineers, 1988.
Papers addressing the civil engineering challenges of cold regions. The first six focus on arctic coastal processes including coastal
geomorphology, ice processes, and other environmental ice processes. The last 5 cover slope protection design.
Bowie, I. G., An Application of Flow Net Theory to Marine Salvage Operations, University of Sydney, School of Civil and Mining Engineering
Research Report 490, March 1985.
Theoretical examination of the feasibility of reducing ground reaction by inducing steady state water flow in the soil under a stranded
ship.
Marine Engineering:
Osbourne, Alan and Bayne, Niel A., Modern Marine Engineers Manual, Volume 1, Second Edition, Cornell Maritime Press, 1973.
Design, operation and repair of general types of marine equipment.
Osbourne, Alan and Hunt, Everett, Modern Marine Engineers Manual, Volume 2, Second Edition, Cornell Maritime Press, 1991.
Design, operation and repair of general types of marine equipment.
Harrington, Roy L. (Editor), Marine Engineering, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME), 1971.
General applications of marine engineering for readers with engineering backgrounds
NAVPERS 10788-B, Principles of Naval Engineering, 1970.
Overview of shipboard engineering plants and fundamentals of machinery and equipment design and operation,
General Engineering References:
Gieck, Kurt, Engineering Formulas, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1986.
Highly recommended pocket guide to the more important technical and mathematical formulas. Translated from the German.
Hicks, Tyler G. and Hicks, David S., Standard Handbook of Engineering Calculations, Second Edition, McGraw Hill, 1985.
Comprehensive reference encompassing all fields of engineering, including marine and nuclear. Includes over 5,000 routine and
nonroutine problems.
Hughes, William F. and Eber, W. Gaylord, Basic Equations of Engineering Science, 1964.
Over 1,400 basic equations of continuum mechanics.
Tuma, Jan J., Handbook of Numerical Calculations in Engineering, McGraw-Hill, 1989.
Definitions, theorems, computer models, numerical examples, and tables with formulas and functions.
CRC Standard Mathematical Tables, Chemical Rubber Co, 1989, Re-issued periodically
Brief review of mathematics through integral calculus, with supporting tables.
Bibliography-9
S0300-A8-HBK-010
EXPLOSIVES
Gregory, C. E., Explosives for North American Engineers, Trans Tech Publications, 1973.
General guide to civil and mining engineering applications of explosive technology.
Henrych, Josef, Dynamics of Explosion and Its Use, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 1979.
Analytical examination of the effects of explosion induce waves and forces on various media and interfaces, and their engineering
applications.
FM 5-25, Explosives and Demolitions Field Manual, Department of the Army, 1967.
Guide to explosives use in destruction of military obstacles and certain construction projects. General reference for charge weight
formulas, handling, safety, types, and preparation of explosives.
Cole, Robert H., Underwater Explosions, Princeton University Press, 1948.
Theoretical and logical exposition and compendium of the basic phenomena associated with underwater explosions.
Blasterss Handbook, Fifteenth Edition, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (Inc.), Wilmington, Delaware (1967).
Handbook for the use of commercial explosives, including many particular applications, historical sketches and safety precautions.
Holland, Norma O. (Editor), Explosives - Effects and Properties (U), Naval Ordnance Laboratory (White Oak) Report NOLTR 65-218, 21 Feb
1967, CONFIDENTIAL.
Handbook of explosive properties, and the effects of explosives in air and water.
Kennard, E. H., Underwater Explosions - A Summary of Results (U), David Taylor Model Basin Report C-334, Feb 1951, CONFIDENTIAL.
Excellent introductory summary of explosive phenomena and damage mechanisms.
Bibliography-10
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Strange, J.N., Water Shock-Wave Reflection Properties of Various Bottom Materials, Summary Progress Report, Army Engineer Waterways
Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, Miscellaneous Paper No. 1-826, Jun 1966.
Data on shock reflection properties of unconsolidated clayey silt, consolidated clayey silt, sand, and concrete, with graphical results and
tentative conclusions.
Strange, J.N. and Miller, Louis, An Exploratory Study of the Effect of a Bubble Screen on Water Shock (U), Army Engineer Waterways
Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, Miscellaneous Paper No. 2-285 Oct 1958, CONFIDENTIAL.
A set of experiments that indicates the peak pressure and impulse are significantly reduced by an appropriate bubble screen: boundary
conditions for the tests do not permit detailed predictions, however.
Strange, J.N. and Miller, Louis, Shock-Wave Attenuation Properties of a Bubble Screen, Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, Mississippi, Technical Report No. 2-564, Apr 1961.
Experimental results of shock-wave attenuation by a bubble screen 20 feet long and 0.5 to 3.0 feet thick with an airflow of 0.8 to 2.0
cubic feet per second on pressure, impulse, and energy.
Thompson, W.M., Jr., The Effect of Liquid Loading on Double Bottom Response to Underwater Explosions (U), Underwater Explosions Research
Division Report 1-59, Feb 1959, CONFIDENTIAL.
Tests on a 3/8-scale model section of the FORRESTAL (CVA-59) bottom structure indicating that an optimum liquid loading to
minimize damage does exist.
PUBLICATION #
59086-CH-STM-010/011/012
59086-CH-STM-020
59086-CJ-STM-000/001
59086-CN-STM-020
59086-CN-STM-010
59086-C6-STM-000-001
59086-DA-STM-000
59086-GY-STM-000-015
59086-HB-STM-000-004
59086-HC-STM-000/001/002
59086-RH-STM-000/001/002
59086-SN-STM-000/001/002
59086-SP-STM-000/001
59086-SX-STM-006
59086-S3-STM-010
59086-TM-STM-000
59086-TV-STM-000
59086-TX-STM-000/003
59086-TY-STM-000
59086-T8-STM-000
59086-T9-STM-000
59086-US-STM-000/001
59086-VV-STM-000
59086-WK-STM-000/006
59086-XG-STM-000/001/002
0901-LP-180-0001
0901-LP-200-0001
0901-LP-250-0001
0901-LP-280-0001
Bibliography-11
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Hiscox, Gardner Dexter (Editor), Henleys 20th Century Book of Formulas, Processes, and Trade Secrets, Norman W. Henley Publishing Co.,
1944.
Over 10,000 scientific formulas and chemical recipes for industrial and general use compounds.
Phillips, Arthur L. (Editor), Welding Handbook - Fundamentals of Welding, Fifth Edition, American Welding Society, 1963.
Welding processes and materials, techniques and metallurgy.
Swanson, W.E., Modern Shipfitters Handbook, Cornell Maritime Press, 1941
Heavy construction, welding, and fabrication practices that can be adapted to field work
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Moss, John B, Properties of Engineering Materials, CRC Press, 1971.
Properties and behavior of materials and their response to the environment,
Shubert, P.B., Moltrecht, K.H., and Ryffel, H.R. (Editors), Machinerys Handbook, 21st edition, Industrial Press Inc., 1981.
Compendium of metal properties, component standards, and standard practices for design and fabrication of machine parts.
Bibliography-12
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Navigation:
Maloney, Elbert S., Duttons Navigation and Piloting, Thirteenth Edition, Naval Institute Press, 1978.
Comprehensive piloting and navigation information covering dead reckoning, celestial, and radio navigation.
Bowditch, Nathaniel, American Practical Navigator, Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic Center, 1977 (periodically updated).
Recognized standard reference for celestial and terrestrial navigation.
Cargo-handling and stowage:
Leeming, Joseph, Modern Ship Stowage, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1942.
Ship stowage standards and methods of handling cargo at ocean terminals.
Ship-to-Ship Transfer Guide (Petroleum), Second Edition, International Chamber of Shipping, Oil Companies International Marine Forum, 1988.
Safe transfer of petroleum products between ocean-going vessels at sea, including standard operating procedures and safety
considerations.
Sauerbier, Charles L., Meurn, Robert J., Marine Cargo Operations, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 1985.
Basic principles and techniques of cargo operations and stowage implications.
International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals, Second Edition, International Chamber of Shipping, Oil Companies International
Marine Forum, International Association of Ports and Harbors, 1984.
Safety precautions and guidelines for the transport of petroleum products at sea.
Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes, International Maritime Organization, 1987.
Standards for safe stowage and shipment of solid bulk cargoes; includes stowage factors and hazard information for approximately 2400
items.
RIGGING
Rossnagel, W. E., Higgins, J. R., and Macdonald, J. A., Handbook of Rigging for Construction and Industrial Operations, Fourth Edition,
McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1988.
Standard reference and regulation guide for rigging operations.
NAVSEA 0900-LP-008-2010, Design and Care of Wire-Rope Installations, 1946.
General guidance for design and operation of wire rope systems.
Toss, Brion, The Riggers Apprentice, International Marine Publishing Company, 1984.
General marlinspike seamanship guide including emergency rigging.
Wire Rope Users Manual, Second Edition, American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), 1985.
Information on load factors, rope grade, varieties and properties, and handling, storage, and safety considerations. Tables of standard
strengths of various wire rope constructions.
Blandford, Percy W, Knots and Splices, Arco Publishing Company, Inc., 1978.
Pocket guide to essential knots and splices
Bibliography-13
S0300-A8-HBK-010
STANDARDS
Shipbuilding and Marine Safety:
NAVSEA 0910-LP-007-4100, General Specifications for Ships of the U.S. Navy (GENSPECs), annual.
American Bureau of Shipping:
Rules for Building and Classing:
Steel Vessels (annual)
Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (1991)
Reinforced Plastic Vessels (1978)
General:
American Society for Testing and Materials, Annual Book of ASTM Standards
Standards on performance and characteristics of materials, products, systems and services. Volume 00.01 indexes standards by title,
number, and keyword. Sections pertinent to salvage include:
1
2
4
5
11
15
Labor
Protection of the Environment
46
49
Shipping
Transportation
Bibliography-14
S0300-A8-HBK-010
GLOSSARY
The glossary consists of two parts:
A list of symbols and abbreviations used in the handbook is given on page xxix.
DEFINITIONS
Air port. A hinged glass window, generally circular, in the ships side or deckhouse, for light and ventilation; also called porthole, portlight
or side scuttle.
Anchor, bower. The large anchors carried in the bow of a vessel. Weight varies with the size and service of the ship.
Anchor, kedge. A small anchor used for warping or kedging. It is usually laid from a boat and the vessel hauled up toward it. Weight varies,
usually from 900 to 1,200 pounds.
Anchor, stream. An anchor weighing about one-fourth to one-third the weight of the main bowers and used when mooring in a narrow channel
or harbor to prevent the vessels stern from swinging with the current or the tide.
Anchor hawk. Grappling device used to recover lost anchors, chains, wire rope, etc.
Ancillary equipment. Equipment that supports the operation of a systems principal components or assemblies.
Angle collar. A collar or band made of one or more pieces of angle bar and fitted tightly around a pipe, trunk, frame, longitudinal, or stiffener
intersecting or projecting through a bulkhead or deck to make a watertight or oiltight joint.
Angle of Entrance (ae). The angle between the tangents to the load waterline at the fore end.
Auxiliary. A vessel that maintains, supplies, or supports combatants.
Auxiliary machinery, auxiliaries. Various pumps, motors, generators, etc., required on a ship, as distinguished from main propulsive machinery
units.
Bail. The part of a pelican hook or chain stopper that holds the hook closed.
Bale cubic. The cubic capacity of a cargo hold measured to the inside of the frames or cargo battens.
Ballasted condition. A condition of loading in which solid or liquid ballast is carried to obtain proper immersion, stability, and steering
qualities.
Barrel. The rotating drum of a capstan or winch.
Basin. A naturally or artificially enclosed or nearly enclosed harbor.
Batten. Long, thin strips of wood or steel used to keep tarpaulins in place over a hatch.
Glossary-1
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Battens, cargo. Wood planks or steel shapes fitted to the inside of the frames in a hold to keep the cargo away from the shell plating; strips
of wood or steel used to prevent shifting of cargo.
Bay. A recess in the shore or an inlet of a sea between two capes or headlands, not as large as a gulf but larger than a cove.
Beach berm. A nearly horizontal part of the beach or backshore formed by the deposit of material by wave action. Some beaches have no
berms, others have one or several.
Beach gear. A generic term for ground tackle and associated tensioning gear used to exert forces on grounded ships.
Beam, cant. Beams supporting the deck plating in the overhanging portion of the stern. These beams radiate in fan-shaped formation from
the transom beam to the cant frames.
Beam, transom. A strong deck beam situated in the after end of the vessel connected at each end to the transom frame. The cant beams which
support the deck plating in an overhanging stern are attached to and radiate from it.
Beam ends. A vessel hove over or listed until her deck beams approach vertical is said to be on her beam ends.
Beam knee. A bracket to stiffen the joint between a frame or stiffener and the end of a beam; also a beam arm or beam bracket.
Beam line. A line showing the points of intersection between the top edge of the beam and the molded frame line, also called molded deck
line.
Bearding (bearding line). The line of intersection of the shell plating and stem or sternpost.
Bearer. Foundations, particularly those having vertical web plates as principal members. The vertical web plates of foundations are also called
bearers.
Beaufort number or scale. A numerical scale (from 0 to 12) used for rating wind strength in order of ascending velocity.
Between decks. The space between any two, not necessarily adjacent, decks. Frequently "tween decks."
Bevel. The angle between the flanges of a frame or other member. (When greater than a right angle, open bevel; when less, closed or shut
bevel); to chamfer.
Bight. A loop or bend in a rope; strictly, any part of the rope between the two ends.
Bilge. The rounded portion of a vessels shell which connects the bottom with side. To open a vessels lower body to the sea; curved section
between the bottom and the side; the recess into which water drains from holds or other spaces.
Bilge and ballast system. A system of piping generally located in the holds or lower compartments of a ship and connected to pumps. This
system is used for pumping overboard accumulations of water in holds and compartments, and also for filling ballast tanks.
Bilge bracket. A vertical transverse flat plate welded or riveted to the tank top or margin plate and to the frame in the area of the bilge.
Bilge keels. Flat surfaces projecting normally or nearly normally from the hull at the turn of the bilge. Bilge keels usually run on or near the
bilge diagonal. With full ships, bilge keels usually lie in one diagonal plane, but with finer forms it is sometimes necessary to lift the ends
unless the keels are very short.
Bilge plates. The curved shell plates that fit the bilge and form the bilge strake.
Bill board. An inclined platform, fitted at the intersection of the weather deck and the shell, for stowing an anchor.
Glossary-2
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Bitter end. The inboard end of a vessels anchor chain which is made fast in the chain locker; the inboard end of any line or rope, i.e., the
end that is secured to bitts.
Bitts. Short metal or wood columns extending up from a base plate secured to a deck or bulwark rail or placed on a pier for the purpose of
securing and belaying ropes, hawsers, cables, etc.
Bitumastic. An elastic bituminous cement used in place of paint to protect steel, especially anchor chain.
Block, snatch. A single sheave block having one side of the frame hinged so that it can be opened to allow the bight of a rope to be placed
on the sheave, thus avoiding the necessity of threading the end of the rope through the swallow of the block. Often employed as a fair lead
around obstructions.
Bollard. Single posts secured to a pier or vessel deck to which heavy hawsers are secured.
Boom crutch/boom rest. A light structure built up from a deck to support the free end of a boom when it is not in use.
Boom table. A small, stout platform attached to a mast to support the hinged heel bearings of booms and to provide proper working clearances
when a number of booms are installed on or around one mast. Also mast table.
Boot topping. An outside area on a vessels hull from bow to stern between certain waterlines to which special air, water, and grease-resisting
paint is applied; also the paint applied to such areas.
Bosom piece. A short piece of angle riveted inside a butt joint of two angles to form a strap.
Bossing or boss. The convex curved portion of the ships shell plating that surrounds and supports the propeller shaft.
Bossing plate. Steel plate covering the bulged portion of hull where the propeller shaft passes outboard.
Bottom plating. That part of the shell plating which is below the water line. More specifically, the immersed shell plating from bilge to bilge.
Bow thruster. A propulsive device located forward in the ship and used to control lateral movement.
Bowing. Lack of flatness in sheet or strip metal in which the longitudinal or transverse section forms an arc.
Bracket. A plate (usually triangular or trapezoidal) used to connect rigidly two or more structural parts, such as deck beam to frame, or
bulkhead stiffener to the deck or tank top.
Break. The end of a partial superstructure such as a poop, bridge or forecastle where it drops to the deck below.
Breakwater. A structure protecting a shore area, harbor, anchorage, or basin from waves; a plate or timber structure fitted on a forward weather
deck to form a V-shaped shield against water that is shipped over the bow.
Breast line. A mooring line from ship to pier, or ship to ship, perpendicular to the fore and aft axis, or at right angles to the ship.
Buckler. A portable cover secured over the deck opening of the hawsepipes and the chain pipes to restrict the flow of water through the
openings.
Bulk cargo. Liquid or solid cargo made up of commodities such as oil, coal, ore, grain, etc., not shipped in bags or containers; more specifically
applied to solid cargoes.
Bulkhead, aft peak. The first main transverse bulkhead forward of the sternpost, forming the forward boundary of the after peak tank.
Bulkhead, collision. A transverse watertight bulkhead, extending to the bulkhead deck and located 5 to 8 percent of the ships length aft of the
forward perpendicular, to resist flooding caused by collision damage. The collision bulkhead often forms the aft boundary of the fore peak tank.
Glossary-3
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Glossary-4
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Clinometer. An instrument that indicates the angle of roll or pitch of a vessel, by means of a pendulum or a bubble in a curved, fluid-filled
tube.
Coaming, hatch. A frame bounding a hatch for the purpose of stiffening the edges of the opening and forming the support for the covers.
In a steel ship, it generally consists of a strake of strong vertical plating completely bounding the edges of a deck opening.
Cofferdams. Empty spaces separating two or more compartments as insulation or to prevent the liquid contents of one compartment from
entering another in the event of rupture or leak in the compartment bulkheads (naval architecture). Watertight enclosures built around deck
openings or the entire deck of a sunken ship to permit water to be removed by pumping (salvage). Temporary dams enclosing a basin so the
water level within can be lowered (civil engineering).
Cordage. A comprehensive term for all ropes of whatever size or kind.
Counter. That part of a ships stern which overhangs the stern post, usually that part above the water line.
Cowl. A hood-shaped top or end of a natural ventilation trunk that may be rotated to cause wind to blow air into or out of the trunk.
Crabbing. Moving sideways through the water.
Cutwater. The stem of a ship, the forwardmost portion of the bow, which cuts the water as the ship moves.
Datum planes. The three reference planes from which offset measurements are taken.
Dead flat. The portion of a ships structure that has the same transverse shape as the midship section.
Dead light or fixed light. A portlight that does not open.
Deck, shelter. Formerly, a nonwatertight superstructure deck continuous from stem to stern and fitted with at least one tonnage opening.
Deck, tonnage. The upper boundary of the internal volume of the measurable portions of the ship, as defined by the tonnage regulations.
Deck height. The vertical distance between the molded lines of two adjacent decks.
Deck machinery. Capstans, windlasses, winches, and miscellaneous machinery located on the decks of ship.
Deck stringer. The strip of deck plating that runs along the outboard edge of a deck.
Deep tanks. Tanks extending from the bottom or inner bottom of a vessel up to or higher than the lowest deck. They are often fitted with
hatches so they can also be used for solid cargo.
Derrick. A device for hoisting and lowering heavy weights, cargo, stores, etc.
Diagonals. The intersections of diagonal planes with the molded surface. Bilge diagonals are diagonal planes intersecting the molded surface
in the vicinity of the turn of the bilge.
Dog. A pawl; a device applied to a winch drum to prevent rotation; a small metal fitting used to hold doors, hatch covers, manhole covers,
etc., closed.
Dolphin. Several piles bound together, free standing or situated at the corner of a pier and used for docking and warping vessels. Also applied
to single piles and bollards on piers that are used in docking and warping.
Downdrift. The direction of predominant movement of littoral materials.
Glossary-5
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Dunnage. Cushioning, blocks, boards, paper, burlap, or loose material placed under or among cargo in the holds to prevent their motion or
chafing.
Dutchman. A piece of steel fitted or driven into an opening to cover up open joints or crevices usually caused by poor workmanship.
Eddy. A circular movement of water formed on the side of a main current. Eddies may be created at points where the main stream passes
projecting obstructions or where two adjacent currents flow counter to each other.
Embankment. An artificial bank, such as a mound or dike, generally built to hold back water or to carry a roadway.
Equilibrium, neutral. The state of equilibrium in which a vessel inclined from its original position of rest by an external force tends to maintain
the inclined position assumed after that force has ceased to act.
Equilibrium, stable. The state of equilibrium in which a vessel inclined from its original position of rest by an external force tends to return
to its original position after that force has ceased to act.
Equilibrium, unstable. The state of equilibrium in which a vessel inclined from its original position of rest by an external force tends to depart
farther from the inclined position assumed after that force has ceased to act.
Escape trunk. A vertical trunk fitted with a ladder to permit personnel to escape if trapped. Usually provided from the after end of the shaft
tunnel to topside spaces in commercial vessels.
Expansion trunk or tank. A trunk extending above a space which is used for the stowage of liquid cargo. The surface of the cargo liquid
is kept sufficiently high in the trunk to permit expansion without risk of excessive strain on the hull or of overflowing, and to allow contraction
of the liquid without increase of free surface.
Face plate, face bar. Generally a narrow stiffening plate fitted along the inner edge of web frames, stringers, etc., to form the flange of the
member.
Fair. To smooth curves, such as a ships lines; to eliminate irregularities; to assemble the parts of a ship so that they will be fair, i.e., without
kinks, bumps, or waves; to bring rivet or bolt holes into alignment. Fairings are plates, castings, etc., placed over or adjacent to projections
to give a streamlined form.
Fairwater. Plating or casting fitted around the ends of a shaft tube or strut barrel, and shaped to streamline the parts, thus eliminating abrupt
changes in the waterflow. Also applied to any casting or plating fitted to the hull for the purpose of preserving a smooth flow of water.
Fall. The entire length of rope used with blocks to make up a tackle. The end secured to the block is called the standing part, the opposite
end, the hauling part.
Falling off. Drifting away from a desired position or direction.
Fantail. Formerly, the overhanging stern section of ships with round or elliptical after endings to uppermost decks and which extend well abaft
the after perpendicular. Now commonly applied to the after end of the weather deck of any ship.
Fathom. A nautical unit of length used in measuring cordage, chains, depths, etc., normally equivalent to 6 feet.
Faying surface. The surface between two adjoining parts.
Fidley. The top of engine and boiler room casings on the weather deck. A partially raised deck over the engine and boiler casings, usually
around the smokestack.
Fines. The smaller particles of a granular material, such as silt and clay in sandy soils or sand in sandy gravel.
Fish hooks. Outer wires of wire rope that have broken so that short ends project from the rope.
Glossary-6
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Flange. The part of a plate or shape bent at right angles to the main part; to bend over to form an angle.
Floodable length. The length of ship that may be flooded without sinking below her safety or margin line. The floodable length of a vessel
varies from point to point throughout her length and is usually greatest amidships and least near the quarter length.
Floor. A vertical transverse plate in the bottom of a ship running from bilge to bilge usually on every frame to deepen it. In wood ships, the
lowest frame timber or the one crossing the keel is called the floor.
Flounder(s) plate. A triangular steel plate to which chain bridle legs are connected, sometimes called a "fish plate."
Forefoot. The lower end of a vessels stem which is stepped on the keel.
Fouling. The attachment and growth of marine plants and animals on surfaces of operational importance to man.
Foundation. Structural supports for heavy machinery and equipment. Main foundations support propulsion boilers, main engines or turbines,
and reduction gears; auxiliary foundations support machinery space auxiliaries.
Frame, cant. A frame not square to the centerline at the counter of the ship and connected at the upper end to the cant beams. At the stern
and at wide flaring bows, the inclination of the molded surface to the middle line of the ship may become so great that it is desirable to cant
or incline the frames so that the standing flanges are more normal to the surface.
Frame spacing. The fore-and-aft distances between frames, heel to heel.
Freeboard. On a ship, the distance from the waterline to main deck or gunwale; the additional height of a coastal structure above design high
water level to prevent overflow. Also, at a given time, the vertical distance between the water level and the top of the structure.
Freeboard, statutory. The vertical distance between the permissible water line and a margin line established near the freeboard deck.
Freeing port. An opening in the lower portion of a bulwark to allow deck water to drain overboard.
Freshening the nip. Paying out or hauling in a line to move the point of contact with a chock or caprail so as to distribute wear.
Fully-arisen sea. The condition when the fetch length and duration are long enough for a given wind velocity to produce the highest waves
possible. This steady wave state requires a minimum fetch and duration which can be related to the wind velocity at a specific height above
the sea surface.
Furnaced plate. A plate that requires heating in order to shape it.
Fuse pendant. A pendant of wire rope or chain specifically designed to fail at a known tension. May be used to protect the rest of the rigging
arrangement.
Gear. A comprehensive term in general use on shipboard signifying the total of all implements, apparatus, mechanism, machinery, etc.,
appertaining to and employed in the performance of any given operation, as "cleaning gear," "steering gear," "anchor gear," etc.
Girth. Any expanded length, such as the length of a frame from gunwale to gunwale.
Grain cubic. The cubic capacity of a hold when carrying bulk cargo, measured to the shell plating rather than to the inside of the frames or
cargo battens.
Grapnel/grappling hook. An implement having from four to six hooks or prongs, usually four, arranged in a circular manner around one end
of a shank having a ring at its other end, used as an anchor for small boats, for recovering small articles dropped overboard, to hook on to lines,
and for similar purposes.
Groin/groyne. A shore protection structure built (usually perpendicular to the shoreline) to trap littoral drift or retard erosion of the shore.
Glossary-7
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Grommet. A soft ring used under a nut or bolt head to maintain watertightness; a leather, fabric, metal, or plastic reinforcement around an
opening in a sail, tarpaulin, or similar piece of fabric.
Ground tackle. A general term for all anchors, cables, wire ropes, etc., used to moor or anchoring a ship to the bottom.
Gudgeon. Bosses or lugs on sternpost drilled for the pins (pintles) on which the rudder hinges.
Gunwale. The line where a weather deck stringer intersects the shell.
Gunwale bar. See stringer bar.
Gusset plate. A bracket plate lying in a horizontal, or nearly horizontal plane.
Gypsy head. A cylinder-like fitting on the end of winch or windlass shafts. Fiber line or wire rope is hauled or slacked by winding a few turns
around it, the free end being held taut manually as it rotates.
Hamper, top hamper. Articles of outfit, especially spars, rigging, etc., above the deck, that may become in certain emergencies a source of
danger or inconvenience.
Harbor. Any protected water area affording a place of safety for vessels.
Hardness. Defined in terms of the method of measurement: usually the resistance to indentation, but also the stiffness or temper of wrought
products, or machinability characteristics.
Hatch (hatchway). An opening in a deck through which cargo and stores are loaded or unloaded.
Hatch battens. Flat bars that are wedged against hatch coamings to secure tarpaulins.
Hatch beam. Portable beam across a hatch to support hatch covers.
Hawsepipe. Heavy castings through which the anchor chain runs from the deck down and forward through the ships bow plating; stockless
anchors are usually stowed in the shank in the hawsepipe.
Hawser. A heavy line or wire rope used in warping, towing, and mooring; any line over 5 inches in circumference.
Headland. A high steep-faced promontory extending into the sea.
Heel. The corner of an angle, bulb angle or channel. The inclination of a ship to one side.
Holds. Large below deck spaces where cargo is stowed; the lowermost cargo compartments; the lowest deck in combatant ships.
Horsepower, brake. Engine horsepower as measured at the engine output shaft.
Horsepower, delivered. Horsepower delivered to the propeller, i.e., brake horsepower less losses in reduction gearing and line shafting.
Horsepower, indicated. Theoretical engine horsepower based on cylinder pressures and temperatures, piston stroke, and engine speed, that does
not account for mechanical efficiency.
Horsepower, shaft. Propulsion plant power measured at the propeller shaft.
Intercostal. The term broadly applied, where two members intersect, to the one that is cut; the opposite of continuous; made in separate parts;
between floors, frames or beams, etc.
Glossary-8
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International Great Lakes Datum (IGLD). The common datum used in the Great Lakes area based on mean water level in the St. Lawrence
River at Father Point, Quebec, established in 1955.
Intertidal Zone. The land area that is alternately inundated and uncovered with the tides, usually considered to extend from mean low water
to extreme high tide.
Intrinsically safe. Equipment or devices that do not produce sparks, heat, or provide other ignition source. Primarily applicable to electrical
and communication equipment.
Jetty. On open seacoasts, a structure extending into a body of water, and designed to prevent shoaling of a channel by littoral materials, and
to direct and confine the stream or tidal flow. Jetties are built at the mouth of a river or tidal inlet to help deepen and stabilize a channel.
Joggle. To offset a plate or shape to avoid the use of liners in riveted construction.
Keckling. Chafing gear on a cable, consisting of old rope.
Keel blocks. Heavy wood or concrete blocks on which the ship rests during construction or drydocking.
Keelson, side. Fore-and-aft vertical plate member located above the bottom shell on each side of the center vertical keel and some distance
therefrom.
Kenter shackle. A type of detachable link.
Kjellam grips. A lightweight stopper useful for passing a wire rope where only low tension is exerted on the rope.
Knee, beam. Bracket between a deck beam and frame.
Knuckle. A sudden change of curvature; an abrupt change in direction of the plating, frames, keel, deck, or other structure of a vessel.
Kort nozzle. A nozzle enclosing a ships propeller.
Lagging. Insulating material on the outside of boilers, piping, bulkheads, etc.
Lap. The distance that one piece of material is laid over another, the amount of overlap, as in a lapped joint.
Laying off. The development of the lines of ships form on the mold-loft floor and making templates therefrom; also called laying down.
Lee. Shelter, or the part or side sheltered or turned away from the wind or waves.
Lightening hole. A hole cut out of a structural member, as in the web, to reduce weight. Lightening holes are located in low stress areas to
minimize loss of strength. Lightening holes are commonly cut in floor plates and longitudinals in double bottoms, where they provide access
as well as reduce weight.
Lighter. A boat used in harbors for transporting merchandise; a full-bodied, heavily built craft, usually not self-propelled, used in bringing
merchandise or cargo alongside or in transferring same from a vessel.
Limber hole. A hole or slot cut into a frame or plate to prevent water from collecting. Most frequently found in floor plates just above the
frame flange or shell plating and near the center line of the ship.
Line shafting. Sections of the main shafting located in the shaft tunnel between the engine room and the after peak bulkhead.
Liner. A flat or tapered strip placed under a plate or shape to bring it in line with another part that it overlaps; a filler.
Glossary-9
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Littoral transport. The movement of sediments (littoral drift) in the littoral zone by waves and currents. Includes movement parallel (longshore
transport) and perpendicular (on-offshore transport) to the shore.
Locking pin. Keeper or device used to hold or maintain a chain stopper, shackle, or other similar devices in a designated position.
Longitudinal direction. The direction in a wrought metal product parallel to direction of working (drawing, extruding, rolling). The fore and
aft direction in a ship.
Low Water Datum (LWD). An approximation to the plane of mean low water that has been adopted as a standard reference plane.
Magazine. Spaces or compartments for the stowage of ammunition.
Manhole. A round or oval access hole cut in decks, tanks, boilers, etc.
Margin angle. Angle connecting margin plate to shell.
Margin bracket. See bilge bracket.
Margin plate. The outboard strake of the inner bottom. When the margin plate is turned down at the bilge it forms the outboard boundary
of the double bottom, connecting the inner bottom to the shell plating at the bilge.
Mast. A tall vertical or raked structure, normally located on the centerline of a ship and used to carry navigation lights, radio antennae, or cargo
booms.
Mast step. The foundation on which a mast is erected.
Mast table. See boom table.
Mean Sea Level (MSL). The average height of the surface of the sea for all stages of the tide over a 19-year period, usually determined from
hourly height readings. Not necessarily equal to mean tide level.
Messenger. A light line used for hauling over a heavier rope or hawser.
Mooring ring. A round or oval casting inserted in the bulwark plating through which the mooring lines, or hawsers, are passed. A heavy ring
on the top of a mooring buoy.
Mortise. The opening of a shackle or detachable link.
Mud. A fluid-to-plastic mixture of finely divided particles of solid material and water.
Nearshore (zone). In beach terminology an indefinite zone extending seaward from the shoreline well beyond the breaker zone. It defines the
area of nearshore currents.
Neutral Axis. For a beam in bending, an axis through the centroid of a beam cross section, perpendicular to the plane of the bending moment,
where bending stresses are zero.
Nip. A sharp bend in a line or wire.
Norman pin. A steel rod or post that can be raised or lowered, and which usually is mounted toward the stern of a vessel to limit the sweep
of a hawser across the rear deck.
Offset shackle. A plate shackle used to connect different sized ropes and chains.
Overhang. That portion of a ships bow or stern clear of the water which projects beyond the forward or after perpendiculars.
Glossary-10
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Pacific iron. Alternate term for gooseneck (cargo boom fitting, see Figure 7-40)>
Pelican hook. A hook which can be opened while under a strain by knocking away a locking ring or bale which holds it closed; used to provide
an instantaneous release.
Pendant. A length of wire rope, chain, or fiber line used to facilitate connecting longer lengths of the same.
Percolation. The process by which water flows through the interstices of a sediment. In wave phenomena, the process by which wave action
forces water through the interstices of the bottom sediment, tending to reduce wave heights.
Permeability. The characteristics of a material which allow a liquid or gas to pass through.
Pillar. See Stanchion.
Pile, sheet. A pile with a generally slender flat cross section to be driven into the ground or seabed and meshed or interlocked with like
members to form a diaphragm, wall, or bulkhead.
Pintles. The pins or bolts that hinge the rudder to the gudgeons on the sternpost or rudder post.
Plating, clinker. Plating laid up so the edges of the plates form lap joints so that one edge of a plate is inside, while the other is outside of
the adjacent strakes.
Plating, flush. Plating laid up so the edges of the plates form butt joints resulting in a flush surface. The connections between the plates are
made by butt welds or by seam and butt straps in riveted construction.
Plating, in and out. Plating laid up with alternate strakes lying outside the adjacent strakes; the plates are connected by lap joints with both
edges of alternate strakes of plating either inside or outside of the adjacent strakes.
Plating, joggled. Plating laid up with the edges of the plates joggled, or offset, to avoid the use of liners between the plating and the framing.
Plunging breaker. A wave breaking on a shore, over a reef, etc., where the crest curls over an air pocket; breaking is usually with a crash.
Smooth splash-up usually follows.
Poop. A superstructure fitted at the after end of the upper deck.
Porosity. Ratio of volume of soil voids to total volume.
Preventer. Any line, wire, or chain whose general purpose is to act as a safeguard should another tension member be carried away.
Propeller shaft/tail shaft. The short aftermost section of the main shafting to which the propeller is attached.
Prow. The part of the bow above the waterline.
Pudding. A fiber or fabric filled canvas or leather bag used as chafing gear or a fender to protect such items as a towline or spar.
Rabbet. A groove, depression, or offset in a member into which the end or edge of another member is fitted, generally so that the two surfaces
are flush.
Reeving. The threading of a line or wire through a block, sheave, or other parts of a wire rope system.
Relation coefficient (e). The ratio between the prismatic and water line coefficients. It has a more constant value than the other coefficients
and is of use in the prediction of the water plane coefficient before the lines have been drawn.
Rider plate. A continuous flat plate attached to the top or bottom of a girder.
Glossary-11
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Riding chocks. The chock on deck through which the anchor chain or towing gear passes inboard.
Riprap. A layer, facing, or protective mound of stones randomly placed to prevent erosion, scour, or sloughing of a structure or embankment;
also the stone so used.
Rockered keel. A keel curved so that it is deeper in the midships region than at the ends.
Roll. To impart curvature to a plate. Also the cyclic, reversing transverse inclination of a ship in waves.
Roundings. Condemned rope under 4 inches in diameter, used to wrap around a rope to prevent chafing.
Rudder post. See sternpost.
Rudder stock. A vertical rudder shaft that connects to the steering engine.
Salvage towing. Towing undertaken to rescue or save a discarded, wrecked, or damaged ship, or to transport a refloated ship to a safe haven.
Samson post. A strong vertical post that supports cargo booms.
Scantlings. The dimensions of a ships frames, girders, plating, etc.
Scarf. A connection made between two pieces by tapering their ends so that they fit together in a joint of the same breadth and depth as the
pieces connected. It is used on bar keels, stem and stern frames, and other parts.
Scow. A large, open, usually flat-bottomed boat or barge for transporting sand, gravel, mud, garbage, etc.
Screen bulkhead. See bulkhead, screen.
Screw stopper. A chain stopper fitted with a turnbuckle.
Scuppers. Drains from decks to carry off accumulations of rainwater, condensation or seawater. Scuppers are located in the gutters or
waterways, on open decks, and in corners of enclosed decks, and connect to pipes usually leading overboard when fitted below decks.
Scuttle. A small circular or oval opening fitted in decks to provide access. When used as escape scuttles and fitted with dogs that permit quick
opening, they are called quick-acting scuttles. Also, to intentionally open a ships hull to the sea to sink it.
Sea chest. A shell opening for supplying seawater to condensers, pumps, etc., and for discharging water from the ships water systems to the
sea. It is a box-like structure located in the hull below the waterline and having means for the attachment of the associated piping. Suction
sea chests are fitted with strainers or gratings, and sometimes have a lip that forces water into the sea chest when under way.
Seas. Waves caused by wind at the place and time of observation.
Seawall. A structure separating land and water areas, primarily designed to prevent erosion and other damage due to wave action.
Seam. Fore-and-aft joint of shell plating, deck and tank top plating, or a lengthwise edge joint of any plating.
Seam strap. A strip of plate serving as a connecting strap between the butted edges of plating. Strap connections at the ends of plates are
called butt straps.
Seaway. The motion of the sea when clear of shoal water.
Section modulus. A geometric property of a beam, indicating its resistance to bending, equal to the moment of inertia of the cross section
divided by the distance from the neutral axis to the outer fibers of the beam, measured in the plane of the bending moment.
Glossary-12
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Seiche. (1) A standing wave oscillation of an enclosed water body that continues after the cessation of the originating force, which may have
been either seismic or atmospheric. (2) An oscillation of a fluid body in response to a disturbing force having the same frequency as the natural
frequency of the fluid system. Tides are seiches induced primarily by the periodic forces caused by the sun and moon. (3) In the Great Lakes
area, any sudden rise in the water of a harbor or a lake whether or not it is oscillatory. Although inaccurate in a strict sense, this usage is wellestablished in the Great Lakes area.
Seize. To bind with small stuff, as one rope to another or a rope to a spar.
Shaft tunnel, shaft alley. A watertight enclosure for the propeller shafting large enough to walk in, extending aft from the engine room to
provide access and protection to the shafting.
Shape (structural). A bar of constant cross section such as a channel, T-bar, angle bar, etc., either rolled or extruded; a rolled bar of constant
cross section such as an angle, bulb angle, channel, etc.; to impart curvature to a plate or other member.
Sheers, shear legs. Alternate terms for sheer legs (See Paragraphs 7-6.3 and 7-6.4.3).
Shell landings. Points on the frames where the edges of shell plates are located.
Shell plating. The plates forming the outerside and bottom skin of the hull, sometimes extended to include weather deck plating.
Shifting boards. Portable bulkheads, generally constructed of wood planking and fitted fore and aft in cargo holds when carrying grain or other
cargo that might shift to one side when the ship is rolling in a seaway.
Shift of butts. The arrangement of the butts in structural plating members whereby the butts of adjacent members are located a specified
distance from one another.
Shore. A brace or prop used for support.
Shroud. A fixed wire rope running from a mast to the ships side, to provide lateral support to the mast. See also Stays.
Shut bevel. The closing together of the flanges of an angle to less than 90 degrees, the opposite of open bevel. Shut bevel makes riveting
difficult and was avoided on ships of riveted construction; a "turning frame" was arranged about amidships. All frames forward of turning frame
had the shell flanges of the frames on the aft side of the frame station. The aft frames had the shell flanges on the forward side so that they
too "looked in" towards the midship section.
Side plating. Plating above the bilge in the main body of a vessel. Also plating on the sides of deck houses, and the vertical sides of enclosed
plated structures.
Side port. See Cargo port.
Sight edge. The visible edge of shell plating as seen from outside the hull.
Significant wave height. The average height of the one-third highest waves of a given wave group.
Skeg. A deep, vertical, fin-like projection on the bottom of a vessel near the stern, installed to provide directional stability, support the lower
edge of the rudder, support the propeller shaft in single-screw ships, and support the vessel in dry dock.
Skylight. A framework with covers with glass panels fitted over a deck opening to admit light and air to the compartment below.
Sling. A length of chain or rope made fast to an object to be lifted, the other end connected to or laid over the hook of a crane or other lifting
rig; the rods, chains, or ropes attached near the bow and stern of a small boat into which the davit or crane tackle is hooked; the chain or rope
supporting the yard at the masthead.
Slip stopper. A chain stopper hooked or shackled to the deck and fitted with a slip-hook for holding a towline.
Glossary-13
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Glossary-14
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Strut. Structural member loaded in tension or compression in line with its longitudinal axis. Outboard column-like or V-arranged supports
for the propeller shaft, used on some ships with more than one propeller instead of bossings. Rarely used on merchant vessels.
Surf zone. The area between the outermost breaker and the limit of wave uprush.
Surge, surge load. A violent or sudden increase in load on a wire, line, winch, etc.
Swell. Wind-generated waves that have traveled out of their generating area. Swells characteristically exhibit a more regular and longer period,
and have flatter crests than waves within their fetch.
Tackle. An arrangement of ropes and blocks to give a mechanical advantage; a purchase; any combination of ropes and blocks that multiplies
power. Also applied to a single whip which does not multiply power but simply changes direction.
Tail shaft. See propeller shaft.
Tank, settling. Relatively deep fuel oil tanks where oil is allowed to stand for a few hours until entrained water has settled to the bottom, to
be drained or pumped off.
Tank, trimming. A tank located near the ends of a ship. Seawater (or fuel oil) is carried in such tanks as necessary to change trim.
Tarpaulin. A pliable waterproof cloth cover secured over nonwatertight hatch covers.
Template. Wood or paper full-size patterns to be placed on materials to indicate the size and location of rivet holes, plate edges, etc.; also to
indicate the curvature to which frames, plate or other members are to be bent.
Tidal inlet. A natural inlet maintained by tidal flow. Loosely, any inlet in which the tide ebbs and flows.
Tie plate. A fore-and-aft course of plating attached to deck beams under a wood deck to increase strength.
Tonnage deck. See Deck, tonnage
Tonnage openings. Formerly, nonwatertight openings in the shelter deck and in the tween deck bulkheads immediately below in order to
exclude spaces from tonnage measurement and thus obtain reduced gross and net tonnage; also fitted at ends of partial superstructures. The
openings could be closed by nonwatertight wood shifting boards or metal covers meeting the tonnage and load line regulations.
Transom frame. The aftermost transverse side frame, see also beam, transom.
Tripping bracket. Flat bars or plates fitted perpendicular to the webs of girders, stiffeners, or beams to prevent their free flanges from tripping.
Trunk. A vertical or inclined space or passage formed by bulkheads or casings, extending one or more deck heights, around openings in the
decks, through which access can be obtained and cargo, stores, etc., handled, or ventilation provided without disturbing or interfering with the
contents or arrangements of the adjoining spaces.
Turbid. Of a liquid, containing suspended matter that interferes with the passage of light so that visibility through the liquid is restricted.
Turning frame. See shut bevel.
Tween decks. See between decks
Two-blocked. When the two blocks of a tackle have been drawn together or tightened.
Ullage. The void above a liquid surface in a tank, and the measurement of this void.
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Uptake. A metal casing connecting the boiler smoke outlet with the inner smokestack. It conveys the smoke and hot gases from the boiler
to the stack.
Waterway. A narrow gutter along the edge of the deck for drainage.
Wave crest. The highest part of a wave. That part of the wave above still water level.
Wave height. The vertical distance between a crest and the preceding trough.
Wavelength. The horizontal distance between similar points on successive waves measured perpendicularly to the crest.
Wave period. The time for a wave crest to traverse a distance equal to one wavelength, i.e., the time for two successive wave crests to pass
a fixed point.
Wave trough. The lowest part of a wave form between successive crests. That part of a wave below still water level.
Web. The vertical portion of a beam; the athwartship portion of a frame; the portion of a girder between the flanges.
Web frame. A built-up frame consisting of a deep web plate with flanges on its edges, placed several frame spaces apart, with the smaller,
regular frames in between.
Welding. A process used to join metals by the application of heat. Fusion welding, which includes gas, arc, and resistance welding, requires
that the parent metals be melted. In brazing, the joining (brazing) metal is melted but the parent metal(s) are not. In pressure welding joining
is accomplished by the use of heat and pressure without melting. The parts that are being welded are pressed together and heated simultaneously,
so that recrystallization occurs across the interface.
Well. Space in the bottom of a ship to which bilge water drains so that it may be pumped overboard; space between partial superstructures.
Whip. A term loosely applied to any tackle used for hoisting light weights and designates the use to which a tackle is put rather than to the
method of reeving the tackle.
Wildcat. A special type of drum whose faces are so formed to fit the links of a chain of given size.
Winch. An electric, hydraulic, or steam machine aboard ship used for hauling in lines, wire, or chain; a hoisting or pulling machine fitted with
a horizontal single or double drum.
Windlass. An apparatus in which horizontal or vertical drums or gypsies and wildcats are operated by means of an engine or motor for the
purpose of handling heavy anchor chains, hawsers, etc.
Yard tug. A harbor tug used in berthing operations; e.g., YTL, YTM and YTB classes of tugs.
Yellow gear. Colloquial term for portable salvage machinery.
Zig-Zag riveting. Two or more rows of rivets spaced so that the rivets of one row are offset; see also chain riveting.
Glossary-16
S0300-A8-HBK-010
area
above
American Bureau of Shipping
about
alternating current
accommodation
adjustable
after end (rear or stern)
alteration
aluminum
ammunition
after perpendicular; after peak; airport
approved; appendix
approximate; approximately
around
arrangement
American Society for Testing Materials
airtight
average
auxiliary
American Wire Gage
breadth (general)
breadth of ship; maximum breadth or beam
back to back
bulb angle
barrel
board
beveled edge
below
between
bevel
bulkhead
brake horsepower
bilge keel; bar keel
bracket
baseline
building
block; black
beam (structural member
bolted manhole cover plate
boatswain
bottom
boundary
between perpendiculars
brass
boiler room
bridge deck
bearing
bronze
both sides
butt strap
boat deck
buttock
Bureau Veritas
BWG
bwk.
cal
calc.
cap.
carp.
C. B.
c to c; c/c
cfm
chg.
chk. plt.
C. I.
cir
C. L.
clk.
cm
coam.
comp.
compt.
conn.
const
constr.
cont.
corr.
CRS
CS
csk.
ctr.
cu
cu ft
cu in.
CVK
cyl
d
D
DB
dbl.
dblr.
d c; D C
deg
dept
det.
dev.
dia; diam
diag.
diam
dim.
disp.
dist.
div.
dk
dn; dwn.
D.O.
do
dr.
Glossary-17
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Glossary-18
drawing
deadweight; drinking water
deadweight
dozen
each
extra heavy
electric; electrical
elevation; elevator
expanded metal
emergency
enclosed
engine; engineering
engineer
equal; equation
equipment
equivalent
engine room
extra strong
escape
estimated
and so forth
existing
expanded; expansion
external
exterior; extend
fabricated
fore and aft
flat bar
flat bar keel
freeboard
forecastle
forward end
flat head
figure
fair in place
flat keel
fixed light; floodable length
flange
floor
fuel oil
forward
foundation
fore peak; forward perpendicular; flanged plate
frame
frame spacing; far side; forged steel
feet; foot
flame or fume tight
flame or fume tight door
fresh water; feed water
forward
gage; gauge
gallon
garboard
galvanized
gen.
genl.
G. I.
gird.
G. M. I.
govt.
ht; h
H
H. B.
hd.
hex.
h/h
hls.
H. M. S.
horiz.
hp; H P
H. R.
H. R. S.
ht.
HTS
hvy.
I
IB
ihp; IHP
ID
in
inbd
incl.
insp.
inst.
int.
interl.
inv.
I. P. S.
jog.
jr.
K
KP
l
L
lb
LBP
lg.
L. H.
lin.
lkr.
LLWL
LO
LOA
long.
L. R.
lt.
lvr.
LWL
generator
general
galvanized iron
girder
galvanized malleable iron
government
height
draft, H-beam
half breadth
head
hexagonal
heel to heel
holes
hull medium steel
horizontal
horsepower
half round
hot rolled steel
height
high tensile steel; heat treated steel
heavy
I beam
inner bottom
indicated horsepower
inside diameter
inch; inches
inboard
including; included
inspection; inspector
instrument
internal
intercostal
inverted; invoiced
iron pipe size
joggle
junior
keel
kingpost
length (general)
length of ship
pound
length between perpendiculars
long
left handed
lineal
locker
length on the load waterline
lubricating oil
length overall
longitudinal
Lloyds Register
light
lever; louvre
load waterline
S0300-A8-HBK-010
meter
machine
machinery
magazine
margin; marine
material
maximum
main deck
mechanical
medium
metal
machine gun; motor generator
manhole
malleable iron
minimum
miscellaneous
mark
molded line; mold loft; margin line
molded
millimeter
moment
mid-perpendicular
medium steel; machine steel; machine screw
motorship
mushroom ventilator; motor vessel
motor vessel
naval architect; neutral axis
navigating; navigation
nonmagnetic steel
number
normal
near and far
near side
not to scale
Norske Veritas
nonwatertight
overall
outboard
outside diameter
office; officer
oval head; open hearth
opening
opposite
ordinate
outside; outstanding; other side
oil tight
oil tight hatch
passage; passenger
pattern
piece
pitch circle
pitch circle diameter
perforated
perpendicular
pilothouse
plan
platform
plt
pr.
prelim; prel.
press.
prop.
psi
pt.
P S; P & S
PW
qtrs.
r
rad.
rd.
ref.
req.
red.
reqd.
res.
RFW
rev.
R. H.
riv.
rm.
rpm; RPM
rt.
sect.
sep.
sett.
sgl.
sh.
sht.
shp; SHP
sk.
sol.
spa.
spec.
sq
SS
st
sta.
stan; stanch
star; stbd.
std.
stiff.
stl.
str.
struct.
STS
SW
symm.
t
T
temp
T. F. O.
T. F. W.
thd.
plate
pair
preliminary
pressure
propeller
pounds per square inch
point
port and starboard
potable water
quarters
radius
radius; radiator
round
reference
requisition; required
reduction
required
reserve
reserve feed water
reverse
right hand; round head
rivet
room
revolutions per minute
right
section
separate
settling
single
shape; sheer
sheet
shaft horsepower
sketch
solid
space; spaced
specification; special
square
steamship
straight
station
stanchion
starboard
standard
stiffener
steel
stringer
structural
special treatment steel
salt water
symmetrical
thickness
T-bar; top; tons
template; temporary; temperature
tons fuel oil
tons fresh water
thread
Glossary-19
S0300-A8-HBK-010
thick; thickness
through
tank
tolerance
total
transverse
trunk
this side; turbine ship; twin screw
tons salt water
tank top
up (ladder)
upper deck
United States Ship; United States Standard
United States Standard
United States Standard Gauge
vent; volume
ventilator
vertical
vertical keel
V. L.
V. M. L.
vol.
w; W
wt.
W. Fl; W F
W. I.
W. M.
wt
W. S.
WT
WTD
WTMH
X. H.
X. S.
X. X. H.
X. X. S.
yd
Z
vertical ladder
vertical metal ladder
volume
weight; weld
weight
wide flange section
wrought iron
wire mesh
weight
wrought steel
watertight
watertight door
watertight manhole
extra heavy
extra strong
double extra heavy
double extra strong
yard
Z bar
TIGHTNESS ABBREVIATIONS
AT
FT
NWT
OT
OTB
OTF
airtight
flametight
nonwatertight
oiltight
oiltight bulkhead
oiltight floor
OTM
WT
WTB
WTF
WTM
oiltight manhole
watertight
watertight bulkhead
watertight floor
watertight manhole
Welding Process
Air-Acetylene Welding
Atomic Hydrogen Welding
Block Brazing
Bare Metal-Arc Welding
Carbon-Arc Welding
Dip Brazing
Die Welding
Furnace Brazing
Flow Brazing
Flow Welding
Flash Welding
Gas Carbon-Arc Welding
Gas Metal-Arc Welding
Gas-Shielded Stud Welding
Gas Tungston Arc Welding
Hammer Welding
Induction Brazing
Letter Designation
IW
NTW
OAW
OHW
PEW
PGW
PTW
RB
RW
SAW
SCAW
SMAW
SW
TB
TCAB
TCAW
UW
Welding Process
Induction Welding
Nonpressure Thermite Welding
Oxy-Acetylene Welding
Oxy-Hydrogen Welding
Percussion Welding
Pressure Gas Welding
Pressure Thermite Welding
Resistance Brazing
Roll Welding
Submerged Arc Welding
Shielded Carbon-Arc Welding
Shielded Metal-Arc Welding
Stud Welding
Torch Brazing
Twin-Carbon-Arc Brazing
Twin-Carbon-Arc Welding
Upset Welding
Cutting Processes
Letter Designation
AAC
AC
AOC
CAC
Glossary-20
Cutting Process
Air-Carbon-Arc Cutting
Arc Cutting
Oxygen-Arc Cutting
Carbon-Arc Cutting
Letter Designation
FOC
MAC
OC
POC
Cutting Process
Chemical Flux Cutting
Metal-Arc Cutting
Oxygen Cutting
Metal Powder Cutting
S0300-A8-HBK-010
INDEX
A-FRAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-50, 7-56
ACCELERATION LOADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13, 7-68, D-7, D-19
ACTIVE EARTH FORCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30, 3-31
ADDED WEIGHT VERSUS LOST BUOYANCY METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-65
ADDITIONAL FEATURES OF NAVAL SHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-75
ADDITIONAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
AERIAL SURVEYS OF CASUALTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
AFLOAT SALVAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2, 4-15
AFTER BODY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
BUOYANCY OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-79, 1-104
AFTER PERPENDICULAR (AP)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2, 1-3, 1-15, 1-44, 1-80, 5-7, 5-12, F-6, F-8, H-9, H-13
AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
CHANGE OF DRAFT OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
RESIDUAL DAMAGE STABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4
SIDE PROTECTION SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-75, C-4
STRENGTH DECK OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-73
TRUCK CRANES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-56
WEIGHT REMOVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
AIR LIFT (AIR LIFTING)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30, 5-32, 8-20, G-16
AIR LIFT CONSTANTS (C)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20
CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
DESIGN CRITERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
FOR UNDERWATER EXCAVATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30
OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20
AIR PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32, 8-20, 8-22, 8-33, 8-36, 8-37, 8-39 THRU 8-41
BLOWING AND DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-38
CALCULATIONS OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20
CONVERSION TABLES FOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-35
RELATIONSHIP TO DEPTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-33
ALLOWABLE STRESS (ACCEPTABLE STRESS)
AS DEFINED BY FAILURE MODES OR SAFETY FACTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-95, D-24, D-25
BEAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29
HULL GIRDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-95, C-2
MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
PATCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-45, 2-46
ALUMINUM ALLOYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-96, D-20, E-2, E-3, E-18
AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING (ABS)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1, 1-69, 1-70, 1-109, C-12, C-16
AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18, 7-19, D-14
ANCHOR(S)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33, 4-13, G-1 THRU G-36
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ANCHOR TYPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-2
ARTICULATION AXIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-6
AUGURED-IN ANCHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-21
BEACH GEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26, 5-29, G-3
BOWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
CONSTRUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-9 THRU G-11
DEADWEIGHT (CLUMPS)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1
DESCRIPTIONS AND PERFORMANCE DATA FOR VARIOUS ANCHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-6 THRU G-11
DIRECT-EMBEDMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1, G-11 THRU G-15
DOUBLED, TANDEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-7
DRAG, DRAG-EMBEDMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1, G-3 THRU G-11
DRAG DISTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-5
EMBEDMENT DEPTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26, G-12, G-15, G-22 THRU G-24
FLUKE(S)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-3 THRU G-6, G-17, G-19, G-22
FREELY ARTICULATING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-6
GRAPPLING DEVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1
HOLDING CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-6
IMPACT-DRIVEN ANCHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-20
JETTED-IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-20
PILE FOUNDATIONS AND ANCHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1, G-28 THRU G-36
PILE ANCHORS IN ROCK SEAFLOORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-33
POWER LAW METHOD FOR CALCULATING HOLDING CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-6
PROPELLANT-EMBEDDED ANCHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-16, G-17 THRU G-19, G-22
PROPELLANT-EMBEDMENT ANCHORS (PEA)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-17, G-19, G-21, G-22
SUBMERGED ANCHOR PILE HEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-33
SWBS GROUPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-13, B-19
TYPICAL WIEGHTS (SHIPBOARD)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-55, B-57
VIBRO-DRIVEN ANCHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-16, G-21
Index-1
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Index-2
S0300-A8-HBK-010
1-2
1-2
RANGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
RELATIONSHIP TO SHIPS PROPORTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
BEAM(S) (STRUCTURAL)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14 THRU 2-36
ASYMMETRICAL SECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
BENDING STRESSES IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-84, 1-95
CANTILEVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30, 7-56, 7-69
COMPOSITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-52
CONCENTRIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-34
CONTINUOUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32, 2-33
CRESCENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-36
CURVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33
DEFLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16 THRU 2-30
DEFLECTION COEFFICIENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30
ECCENTRIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-35
ELASTIC BEAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-80
FLEXURE THEORY FOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
MOMENT DIAGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-30, 2-31
MOMENT OF INERTIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29, 2-32, 2-35, 2-37
NEUTRAL AXIS IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29
OBLIQUE LOADING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
ORTHOGONAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
PLASTIC MOMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
PLASTIC STRESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
REACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16 THRU 2-28
RESIDUAL STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
RESTRAINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
SHEAR AND BENDING MOMENT CURVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-80, 2-16 THRU 2-28
SHEAR DIAGRAM (OR CURVE)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
STRENGTH ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
SIMPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-76
SIMPLY SUPPORTED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
SHIPS HULL AS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-76, 1-80, 1-84, 1-95, 2-2, 2-4, 2-66
STRENGTH (STRESS FLEXURE) FORMULA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-84, 2-29, 2-32, 2-35, 2-36, 7-8, 8-4, 8-9
WIDE-FLANGED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
BEAM WIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-53, 1-57, C-2, C-4, C-9, C-10
BEARING
CAPACITY (SOIL, FOUNDATIONS)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23 THRU 3-25, 3-26, 5-23, G-15, G-31, G-33
FORCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14
STRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-47, D-20
BETWEEN DECKS (SEE DECKS)
BILES METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-101
BITTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-35, 7-36, 7-69, B-50, C-3, C-8
BLADE ANCHOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16, G-11
BLAST EFFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-74, 10-2, 10-7, 10-10, 10-11, 10-17, 10-21 THRU 10-23
BLASTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1 THRU 10-24
BLASTING GELATINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12
BLOCK COEFFICIENT (CB)I . . . . . . . . 1-6 THRU 1-9, 1-13, 1-42, 1-46, 1-47, 1-50, 1-83, 1-103, 1-107, 1-108, B-52, C-10, C-11, C-16 THRU C-18, C-21
BLOCK REACTION AND RESIDUAL BUOYANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-66
BLOWERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-34, 8-36, B-44
BODY PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
BOLLARD PULL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24, 5-25
BOLTED AND RIVETED CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-46 THRU 2-48, 2-51, 7-41, 8-12
BOLTED JOINTS IN WOOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-51
BONJEANS CURVES . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15, 1-27, 1-28, 1-79, 1-82, 1-91, 1-92, 5-4, 5-6 THRU 5-8, B-2, B-3, B-14, B-16, F-3, F-8, F-9, F-12, F-20, F-31
BOOM(S)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17, 5-29, 5-30, 7-1, 7-50 THRU 7-52, 7-54, 7-56, 7-59 THRU 7-61, 7-68, 9-3,
9-7 THRU 9-11, 9-14, 9-15, B-31, B-44, B-45, B-55, B-57, C-7
BOREHOLES, BLOCKHOLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-18
BOTTOM BREAKOUT FORCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25, 3-26
BOTTOM PLATING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-59, 1-71 THRU 1-74, 1-77, 2-2, 2-3, 8-9, 8-37, F-3
BOW THRUSTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28, 1-5
BOX-SHAPED LIGHTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
BRACKET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-48, 7-70, 7-71
BRAIDED FIBER LINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-36
BRAKE HORSEPOWER (BHP)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
MAXIMUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MOLDED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index-3
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Index-4
S0300-A8-HBK-010
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . C-4
. . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29
Index-5
S0300-A8-HBK-010
DAMAGE (SHIPS)
ENVIRONMENTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4, 3-6, 3-14,
EXPLOSIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6 THRU
3-18
10-9
FROM ICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33, 3-36
LOCAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14, 7-63
RESISTANCE TO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1, 1-34, 1-59, 1-70, 1-72, 1-74, 1-75, B-47, B-49, B-50, C-1 THRU C-7, C-12 THRU C-15
STRUCTURAL, HULL GIRDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-84, 1-109, 2-2, 2-3, 2-12, 2-60 THRU 2-66, 8-44
TO CASUALTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4, 4-5, 4-7 THRU 4-10, 4-15, 4-16, 4-19, 5-1, 5-18, 6-1, 6-2,
6-4, 6-10, 6-12, 6-13, 8-33, 8-37, 8-40, 8-44, 9-2, B-28
DAMAGE CONTROL (DC) BOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11, 1-57, 1-90, B-4
DAMAGE OPENINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-63, 2-66
DAMAGED STABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1, B-9, C-14, H-1, H-4
DAMAGED STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
DATUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7, 4-4, 4-7, 4-8, 5-10, 8-13, D-17, F-28, F-31
DEADRISE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4, 1-40, 5-20, 5-22
DEADWEIGHT (ANCHOR)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1, G-2, G-11 THRU G-15, G-21, G-28
DEADWEIGHT SCALE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8
DEADWEIGHT (DWT)I . . 1-8, 1-12, B-28, B-30, B-31, B-33, B-34, B-36 THRU B-40, B-42, B-44 THRU B-46, B-48, B-49, B-52, B-54 THRU B-57, C-12
DEADWEIGHT COEFFICIENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12
DEADWOOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
DECK(S)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-71 THRU 1-75, 2-1 THRU 2-4, 3-5, 4-5, 4-7, 5-28, 6-3, 8-43, B-6, B-14, B-32, B-33, B-35, B-37 THRU B-45, B-51,
B-53 THRU B-57, C-12 THRU C-16, C-20 THRU C-22, F-8, H-1
TWEEN DECKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-33, 1-57, 1-73, 1-74, 1-100, 9-15, B-8, B-31, B-32, B-39, B-44
CARGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-36, B-37, B-39, B-44
FITTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5, 5-26, 5-28, 7-36, 7-69 THRU 7-72
STRENGTH DECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2, B-21, B-22, B-31, B-53, B-54, B-56, C-20, F-18, F-25
UPPER DECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-37, C-20 THRU C-22
DEEP TANKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-64, 8-33, B-32, B-56, B-57, F-14
DEEP WATER WAVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1, 3-3
DEFLECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15, 1-76, 1-95, 1-97, 2-1, 2-3 THRU 2-6, 2-15 THRU 2-33, 2-39, 2-40, 3-13, 4-7, 5-4, 5-7, 5-8, 5-11, 5-13, 5-21, 7-22,
8-2 THRU 8-4, 8-11, B-3, B-41, C-15, F-2, F-7, G-29, G-35
DERRICK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33, 7-59 THRU 7-62, B-11, B-29, B-44
DESIGN CURVES FOR STIFFENED PLATING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 THRU 2-12
DESIGN STRESS (SEE ALLOWABLE STRESS)
DESIGN WATERPLANE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
DETACHABLE LINKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30, 7-33
DETAILED SURVEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1, 4-3, 4-4, 4-8
DETERIORATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1, 7-14, 7-35, 7-37, 8-1, 9-5, C-15, D-23
DETERMINING CASUALTY MOVEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
DETONATION VELOCITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
DEWATERING . . . . . . . . . . . 1-66, 2-1, 5-21, 6-3, 6-11, 6-13, 8-1, 8-3, 8-13, 8-19 THRU 8-23, 8-28, 8-30, 8-33, 8-35 THRU 8-37, 8-39, 8-42, 9-10, F-26
DI-LOK CHAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18, 7-22 THRU 7-25, 7-32
DIAMETER, EQUIVALENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-20
DIAPHRAGM PUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-22, 8-23, 8-27
DIESEL ENGINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20, 5-25, 8-17
DILATENCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19, 3-32
DIMENSIONS, SHIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2, B-19, B-23, B-24, B-31, B-33 THRU B-35, B-38, B-40, B-44, B-46, B-49, B-51 THRU B-56
DIRECT-EMBEDMENT ANCHORS (SEE ANCHORS)
DISPERSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19, 3-32
DISPLACEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5, 1-9 THRU 1-15, 1-28, 1-29, 1-36, 1-40, 1-46, 1-50, 1-57, 1-65, 1-106, 5-4, 5-8, 5-29,
6-7, 6-10, 8-43, 8-44, B-2, B-8, B-19, B-23, B-24, B-31, B-33, B-34, B-38,
B-44, B-49, B-52, B-54 THRU B-56, C-2 THRU C-8, C-10, H-3, H-5 THRU H-7, H-9, H-13
DISPLACEMENT AND BUOYANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 THRU 1-15
DISPLACEMENT AND COEFFICIENTS OF FORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-46
DISPLACEMENT, CHANGE OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-36
DISPLACEMENT VOLUME ()I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9, 1-12, 1-15, 1-19, 1-28, 1-29, 1-47, 1-60, 1-63 THRU 1-65, 6-6, 6-7, 6-9, 6-11
DISTRIBUTED LOADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14, 2-15, 2-30, 2-65, 6-3, 8-1, C-15, F-19
DIVERS, DIVING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11, 4-6 THRU 4-8, 4-10, 4-18, 4-19, 5-32, 5-34, 6-4, 6-13, 7-13, 8-12, 8-40, 8-42
DOCKING STABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-66, 1-67
DORIS (SEE ANCHORS)
DOUBLE BOTTOM(S)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-70, 1-74, 1-75, B-31, B-42 THRU B-44
DOUBLER PLATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-62, 2-65, 2-66, 5-28, 7-72
DOWNFLOODING, DOWNFLOODING ANGLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-58, 6-4, C-5, C-9
DRAFT (CARGO LIFT)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15, 9-16
DRAFT (SHIP)I. . . . . 1-2, 1-7, 1-12 THRU 1-14, 1-40, 1-44, 1-51, 1-54 THRU 1-56, 1-65, 1-82, 3-14, 4-15, 5-4 THRU 5-10, 5-12, 5-13, 5-16, 5-17, 6-2,
9-6, 9-7, B-2, B-3, B-5, B-7, B-19, B-23 THRU B-25, B-30, B-31, B-33, B-34, B-38,
B-40, B-44, B-46, B-49, B-51 THRU B-57, C-13, C-14, H-6, H-9, H-13
DRAFTS, DRAFT READINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7, 5-8, 5-21, F-2
DRAFTS AFTER A CHANGE IN TRIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-44
Index-6
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Index-7
S0300-A8-HBK-010
EXPLOSIVE(S) (CONTINUED)
MULTIPLE CHARGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9,
OPERATIONAL NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-22
10-23
REDUCING SHOCK WAVE PRESSURE AND IMPULSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11, 10-17, 10-21, 10-22
SETTING ANCHORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-21
SHAPED CHARGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-13
SHIP SECTIONING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-16
SHOCK FACTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8
SHOCK WAVE EFFECTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4, 10-5, 10-7 THRU 10-10, 10-22
TAMPING, STEMMING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11, 10-21, 10-22
TENSION PULSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3, 10-14, 10-19
TEST SHOTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-23
TIMBER AND PILE CUTTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-21
EXTERNAL FORCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32
EXTERNAL PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42, 2-44, 2-45, 8-41
FACE BAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-64, 2-66
FACTOR OF SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-95, 2-46, 7-35, 7-53, 7-69, 7-70, 7-72, 8-3, 8-43, D-24, D-25, G-13, G-24, G-25, G-27
FAILURE DEFINITION, FAILURE MODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-95, D-24
FAIRLEADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-27, 7-36
FATIGUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2, 2-46, 2-53, 3-5, 4-19, 5-18, 7-3, 7-10, 7-13 THRU 7-16, 7-32, 7-33, D-23 THRU D-25, E-3, G-2
FATIGUE FAILURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15, D-23
FETCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2, 3-3
FIBER LINE, FIBER ROPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-32, 7-34 THRU 7-39, 7-64, 7-69
FIBERGLASS (GRP)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9, B-34
FIRE, FIREFIGHTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-57, 1-74, 1-75, 2-3, 8-19
FIXED PRICE CONTRACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
FLARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5, 1-40
FLAT PLATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39, 2-41, 8-1, 8-2
FLEXURE (THEORY)I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-78, 2-12, 2-14 THRU 2-33, 2-35, 2-52
FLOATING CRANES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1, 7-56, 7-58, 9-14, C-7
FLOODING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-57 THRU 1-59, 1-63 THRU 1-65, 1-72 THRU 1-75, 1-81, 1-109, 2-1, 2-2, 3-35, 3-37, 4-5, 5-23, 6-1,
6-2, 6-10, 8-1, 8-23, 9-1, B-5, B-6, C-14, H-1, H-6
FLOORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-70, 1-71, 1-73
FLUID FORCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1, 3-4, 3-14, 3-16, 5-13, 6-2, D-17 THRU D-19
FLUID MECHANICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-17 THRU D-19
FLUID PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-28, 8-30, D-15, D-16, E-1, E-21
FLUKE(S) (SEE ALSO ANCHORS)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-3 THRU G-6, G-8 THRU G-11, G-17 THRU G-23, G-25
FOAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11, 8-10, 8-12, 8-42 THRU 8-44, B-43, E-19
FOREBODY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4
FOREFOOT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-73, 5-22
FORM STABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30, 6-7
FORWARD PERPENDICULAR (FP)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
FOUNDATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-78, 2-1, 2-3, 3-23, 3-36, 3-30, 5-23, 5-28, 7-69, G-15, G-28 THRU G-36
FRAME(S)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-69 THRU 1-73, 2-7, 2-12, 2-61, 4-7
FRAMING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2, 1-29, 1-69, 1-70, 1-73, 5-28, 8-5, 8-12, B-7, B-14, B-19, B-37, B-38, B-42, B-48
FRAMING SYSTEM(S)I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-69, 1-70
COMBINATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-70, B-32, B-34, B-37, B-41, B-47
LONGITUDINAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-70, B-37, B-41, B-47
TRANSVERSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-70, B-37, B-47
FREE COMMUNICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-57, 1-64, 1-65, 3-4, 6-6, 8-37, B-6
FREE SURFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1, 1-47, 1-48, 1-57, 1-58, 1-60 THRU 1-66, 1-74, 6-6, 6-9, 6-11, 6-12, B-6, B-29
FREE-BODY DIAGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42, 7-41, 7-56, 7-72, D-21
FREEBOARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2, 1-14, 1-40, 1-75, 4-7, 6-5, 6-7, B-29, B-35, B-49, B-55, C-1, C-4, C-5, C-7, C-8, C-10, C-12 THRU C-14
FREEING FORCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14, 5-13, 5-21 THRU 5-23, F-1, F-26
FRICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3, 3-4, 3-10, 3-12, 3-13, 3-16, 3-18, 3-21 THRU 3-25, 3-27, 3-31, 3-32, 3-37, 5-13 THRU 5-18,
5-20 THRU 5-24, 5-30, 7-13, 7-36, 7-64, 7-66, 8-14 THRU 8-16, 8-19, 8-24, 8-27, 8-28, 8-38,
9-16, F-26, G-4, G-11, G-13, G-14, G-23, G-24, G-27, G-28, G-30, G-33, G-36
FUNCTIONS OF FORM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28, B-2
GAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-36, D-22
GAGE (SHEET)I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-15
GAGE PRESSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-17
GELIGNITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12
GENERAL CARGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-33, 1-58, 1-100, 9-8, 9-15, 9-16, B-8, B-33, B-34, B-50 THRU B-52, B-54 THRU B-57
GENERAL CARGO SHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6 THRU 1-8, 1-12, 1-32, 1-57, 1-100, 8-33, 9-15, 9-16, B-8, B-12, B-30, B-31, C-5, C-16, C-21, C-22
GENERAL PARALLEL MIDBODY METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-101, 1-102
GENERAL-PURPOSE PADEYES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-71
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR SHIPS (GENSPECS)I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-70
Index-8
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Index-9
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Index-10
S0300-A8-HBK-010
8-15, D-20
5-29, 7-56, 9-2, 9-3, 9-6, 9-8, 9-14, B-10 THRU B-12
LOAD CAPACITY (ANCHOR)I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-2, G-6, G-8, G-11 THRU G-14, G-16, G-17, G-19, G-22 THRU G-27, G-29, G-35
FLOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CRAFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LOADING
MACHINERY, MACHINERY SPACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-58, 1-71, 1-73 THRU 1-75, 1-78, 1-98 THRU 1-100, 2-3, 3-33, 4-1, 4-4, 4-5, 4-20, 5-22, 5-30, 5-31,
7-71, 8-1, 8-22, 8-33, 8-44, B-1, B-9, B-12 THRU B-14, B-18, B-33,
B-37 THRU B-41, B-43 THRU B-46, B-49, B-52, B-54 THRU B-57, C-4
MAGAZINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5, 7-56
MAIN DECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-70, 1-72, 1-74, 1-96, 6-3, 9-10, B-14, B-18, B-31, B-35, B-38, B-41
MANHOLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3, 8-36, 9-10
MANIFOLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19, 8-22, 8-27, 9-16
MARGIN PLATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-70, 1-73
MAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28, 6-2, 6-13, 7-50 THRU 7-52, 7-60
MEASUREMENT TON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26, 5-29, 7-64
MECHANICAL DREDGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-33
Index-11
S0300-A8-HBK-010
METACENTER (M)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15, 1-28, 1-32, 1-38, 1-41, 1-51 THRU 1-55, 1-65, 1-67, 5-19, 6-6, 6-7, 6-9, 6-11, 8-1, 8-19, B-7
METACENTRIC HEIGHT (GM)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-33 THRU 1-39, 1-47, 1-48, 1-51, 1-56, 1-57, 1-66, 1-67, 5-16, 5-19, 5-20, 6-7, 6-9, 6-11,
8-1, B-4, B-7, B-19, B-43, C-1, C-5 THRU C-9, C-11, F-29, H-9, H-13
METACENTRIC RADIUS (BM)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-33, 1-34, 1-36, 1-39, 1-41, 1-47, 1-51, 6-5 THRU 6-7, 6-9, 6-11, 6-12, B-2
MIDSHIP PLANE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
MIDSHIP SECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2, 1-4, 1-6, 1-7, 1-42, 1-47, B-2
MIDSHIP SECTION COEFFICIENT (CM)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6, 1-47, B-51, B-53, B-54, B-56
MIDSHIPS BENDING MOMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-82, C-16
MINIKIN FORMULA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
MINIMUM ACCEPTANCE STRENGTH (WIRE ROPE)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
MINIMUM FREEBOARD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2, 1-75, B-36, C-1, C-12 THRU C-14
MINIMUM SECTION MODULUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-109, C-16, C-18
MODULUS
BULK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-16, E-3
OF ELASTICITY (YOUNGS MODULUS)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5, 2-7, 2-12, 2-29 THRU 2-31, 2-37, 2-52, 7-7, 7-8, 7-52, 8-4, 8-9, D-21, E-3, E-16
OF RIGIDITY (SHEAR MODULUS)I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-57, 2-58, D-23, E-3
OF RUPTURE (SEE ALSO ULTIMATE STRENGTH)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-23
PLASTIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
SECTION (SEE SECTION MODULUS)
TANGENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-23
MOLDED DIMENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
MOMENT OF TRANSFERENCE (FREE SURFACE)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-61, 1-62, 1-64
MOMENT ARM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32, D-9
MOMENT CALCULATIONS (NUMERICAL INTEGRATION)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20, 1-23
MOMENT OF INERTIA (I)(SECOND MOMENT OF AREA)I . . . 1-21, 1-22, 1-24, 1-25, 1-28, 1-34, 1-43, 1-47, 1-48, 1-60, 1-78, 1-84, 1-85, 1-94, 1-95, 1-97,
1-108, 2-4, 2-48, 2-52, 6-6, 6-7, 6-9, 6-11, C-15, C-18, C-19, C-22, D-12, D-13, E-5 THRU E-17, H-7
MOMENT TO CHANGE TRIM ONE INCH (MT1)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-43, 1-44, 1-48
MOMENTS AND CENTROIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20
MOORFAST (SEE ALSO ANCHORS)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-45, G-6, G-8 THRU G-10
MOVEMENT OF LCB AND LCG WITH CHANGE OF TRIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-45
MOVING STRANDED SHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
MUD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-57, 5-13, 5-16, 5-22, 5-31 THRU 5-33, 6-2, 8-20, 8-21, 9-2, G-2, G-3, G-8, G-10, G-11, G-24, G-28
MUDCAPPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-18
NAILS AND SPIKES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-48
NATURAL ROLLING PERIOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-32, 1-34, 1-35, 1-56
NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVSEA)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1, 1-6, 4-4, 4-12, 4-23, 4-24, B-9, C-1
NAVMOOR (SEE ALSO ANCHORS)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26, G-3, G-6, G-9, G-10
NAVY STOCKLESS (SEE ALSO ANCHORS)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-9 THRU G-11
NEARSHORE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11 THRU 3-13, 3-18, 3-22, 3-23, 3-27, 3-28, 3-30
NEGATIVE APPENDAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
NET TONNAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
NEUTRAL AXIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22, 1-78, 1-89, 2-2, 2-13, 2-15, 2-29, 2-39, 2-66, B-7, B-21, B-22
NEUTRAL BUOYANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
NEUTRAL LOADING POINT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14, 5-10 THRU 5-13
NEWTONS SECOND LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-68, D-7
NOMINAL STRENGTH (WIRE ROPE)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4, 7-5
NONBREAKING WAVE FORCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
NONTIDAL CURRENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8, 3-10
NUMBERING SYSTEMS FOR DRAWINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-13, B-18
NUMERICAL INTEGRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16 THRU 1-29
NYLON (FIBER ROPE)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-34 THRU 7-39
OBLIQUE LOADING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
OBOI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-46, 1-47, B-44, B-51
OFFCENTER WEIGHT (SEE ALSO TRANSVERSE STABILITY)I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-52, 1-53
OFFSETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8, 1-28, 1-29, 1-33, 1-79, 5-4, 5-8, B-3, B-9, FP-1
OFFSHORE SALVAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
OIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36, 3-37, 4-8, 4-13, 4-20, 7-19, 7-21, 8-6, 8-11, 8-14, 8-17, 8-21 THRU 8-23, 8-27,
8-30, 8-32, 8-42, 9-3, 9-4, 9-6, 9-7, 9-11, 9-14, B-9, B-11, B-12, B-19,
B-30, B-32, B-41 THRU B-43, B-45, B-50, B-54, B-56 THRU B-58
OPEN FORM CONTRACTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
OPEN LINK CHAIN (CLOSE-LINKED CHAIN)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17, 7-18
OPERATIONAL BASES (COST)I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
ORDNANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1, 4-12, 4-15, 9-3, B-4, G-2
ORE CARRIERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6, 1-11, 1-12, 1-33, 1-57, 1-75, C-6, C-21
ORGANIC MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-57, 3-19, 8-6
ORGANIC SOILS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19, 3-32
OVERTURNING FORCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6, 3-17, 3-36
OVERTURNING RESISTANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38, G-14, G-15
Index-12
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Index-13
S0300-A8-HBK-010
PROGRAM OF SHIP SALVAGE ENGINEERING (POSSE)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-45, 2-15, 4-9, B-8, C-15
PROHASKAS METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-41
PROOF STRESS, STRENGTH, TEST, LOAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-18, 7-20, 7-21, 7-23 THRU 7-28, 7-33, D-23
PROPELLANT-EMBEDDED ANCHORS (SEE ALSO ANCHORS)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-17, G-19, G-21, G-22
PROPELLER(S)I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5, 1-73, 1-100, B-12, B-14, B-30, B-52, B-55, B-57, C-3, C-8
PROPERTIES
MECHANICAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-20 THRU D-23
OF EXPLOSIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4, 10-24
OF ICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33 THRU 3-35
OF LINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-3
OF LIQUIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-20
OF MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1 THRU E-3, E-16, E-18 THRU E-20
OF ROCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-19, G-34
OF SOIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18 THRU 3-24
OF STRUCTURAL SHAPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-4 THRU E-15, E-17
OF TRIANGLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2, D-3
OF WATER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1
PHYSICAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-47, D-14 THRU D-16
PROPORTIONAL LIMIT, ELASTIC LIMIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22, D-21
PULLING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24 THRU 5-27, 5-29, G-1
PUMP(S)I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-13
AIR LIFT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20
AXIAL FLOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17, 8-21
BALLAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
CAPACITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16, 8-18, 8-23, 8-28 THRU 8-31
CARGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-59, 8-19, B-29
CENTRIFUGAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14, 8-16 THRU 8-19, 8-21, 8-22, 8-26, 8-32
CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17, 8-21, 8-22
EDUCTORS (JET PUMPS)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
INSTALLED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-22
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17, 8-21
POWER, PRIME MOVERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17, 8-28
RECIPROCATING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17, 8-21
ROTARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21
SALVAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21, 8-22
SLURRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26
SUBMERSIBLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-22, 8-26
SUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14, 8-16, 8-21 THRU 8-23, 8-28
TYPES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16 THRU 8-22
PUMPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-66, 3-38, 8-1, 8-13 THRU 8-32, 9-10
CARGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-27, 9-10, 9-11, 9-16, B-41, B-42, B-49
CAVITATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16, 8-19
COMBINED WITH COMPRESSED AIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-40
FLAMMABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-27
FRICTION, HEAD LOSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15
HEAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-66, 3-38, 8-1, 8-13 THRU 8-32, 9-10
SLURRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-24 THRU 8-26, 8-32
SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-13, B-14, B-18, B-41, B-49
VISCOSITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-23, 8-30
PURCHASE(S)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24, 5-26, 5-27, 5-29, 7-64, 7-66, 7-67
RACKING STRESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-70, 1-77, 5-18, 7-70
RADIAL PRESSURE (WIRE ROPE)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12
RADIUS, HYDRAULIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-20
RADIUS OF GYRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-34, 1-85, 2-36, 7-52, D-13
RAKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-46, 1-47, 1-49, 1-5
RANGE OF STABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-37 THRU 1-40, 1-52, 5-20, C-1, C-8, C-12
RECIPROCATING PUMPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17
REDUCING FRICTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22
REDUCING GROUND REACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21, 5-22, F-16
REFERENCE POINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1, 1-2, B-7, H-7
REFLOATING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-68, 5-21 THRU 5-23, 6-5 THRU 6-13, 8-27, 9-2, B-42
REINFORCING UNDAMAGED STRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-66
RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS (EXPLOSIVES)I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
REPAIRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-96, 2-1 THRU 2-3, 2-45 THRU 2-48, 2-60 THRU 2-66, 4-9, 4-15, 4-16, 8-1 THRU 8-12, B-7
REPLENISHMENT AT SEA (RAS) PADEYES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-69, 7-71
REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-56, 4-7, 4-23, 4-24, B-7, B-13
RESERVE BUOYANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14, 1-57, 1-74, 1-75, C-1, C-4, C-12 THRU C-14, F-26, H-1, H-6
RESERVE STRENGTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-75, 7-7, C-15, C-16
Index-14
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Index-15
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Index-16
S0300-A8-HBK-010
1-40
1-39
RANGE OF STABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-38
RIGHTING ARM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-39
RIGHTING ENERGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-39
RIGHTING MOMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-39
STABILITY DURING AND AFTER REFLOATING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
STABILITY OF STRANDED SHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19, 5-20
STABILITY OF SUNKEN SHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5
STANDARD LOADING CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
STANDARD STOCKLESS (ANCHORS)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-9, G-11
STANDING RIGGING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2, 7-13
STATIC HOLDING CAPACITY (ANCHOR)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-22 THRU G-24, G-27
STATICALLY DETERMINATE BEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14
STATICALLY INDETERMINATE BEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32
STATICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1, D-7 THRU D-11, D-17
STATION COEFFICIENT METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-97, 1-98
STATION SPACING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3, 1-28
STATO (SEE ALSO ANCHORS)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-3, G-6, G-8 THRU G-10
STATUS BOARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
STEEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-96, D-22, D-25, E-1 THRU E-4, E-15, E-18
STEM ASSEMBLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-74
STERN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2, 1-46, 1-73, 1-75
STERN POST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-73
STEVIN (SEE ALSO ANCHORS)I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-6, G-8 THRU G-10
STEVSHARK (SEE ALSO ANCHORS)I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-8 THRU G-10
STIFFENED PLATING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4, 2-6, 2-13, 8-1, 8-3
STIFFENERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3, 2-5 THRU 2-7, 2-12, 2-32, 2-61 THRU 2-63, 2-65, 2-66, 6-3, 7-72, 8-2, 8-3, 8-9 THRU 8-12, C-20
STILL WATER BENDING MOMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-81, 1-82, 1-90, 1-104, 1-106, 1-107
STOCK ANCHORS (SEE ALSO ANCHORS)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-11
STRAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13, 2-44, 2-57, 2-60, 7-14, D-20, D-21, D-23
STRAIN HARDENING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-23
STRAKE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2, 1-72, 1-73, 1-76, 1-87, 1-94, 2-2, 2-13
STRANDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-50, 1-65, 1-77, 3-15, 3-36, 4-3 THRU 4-10, 4-14, 5-1 THRU 5-29, F-1 THRU F-28
STRANDINGS ON MULTIPLE POINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-97, 5-8
STRENGTH
ALUMINUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3, E-2, E-3
BEAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14 THRU 2-36
BOLTED, RIVETED CONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-47, 2-48, 2-51
BULKHEADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
CHAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17 THRU 7-28
COLUMNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-36 THRU 2-39
CONCRETE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
CYLINDERS AND SPHERES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-42 THRU 2-45
DECK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-70, 1-72, 1-76, 1-86, 1-88, 1-108, 6-3, B-31, B-32, B-36, B-37
FIBER ROPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-34 THRU 7-38
FLAT PLATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-39 THRU 2-41
FORMULA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-76 THRU 1-109, 2-29, 2-32, 2-35, 2-36, 8-4, 8-9, B-7, B-21, B-37, C-15 THRU C-22
GRPI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
HULL GIRDER(S)I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 THRU 2-4, 2-13, 5-20, 6-13
ICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36, 3-37
MANHOLE COVERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-20 THRU D-25
MILD STEEL (MS) TUBES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52, 7-53
PATCHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1 THRU 8-4
RIGGING HARDWARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-41 THRU 7-48
SOIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36, 3-37
STEEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3, E-2, E-3
STIFFENED PLATING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 THRU 2-12
WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-45, 2-46
WIRE ROPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4 THRU 7-6
WOOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-49 THRU 2-51, 8-3, E-16
STRENGTH OF STRANDED SHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20
STRENGTH OF SUNKEN SHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
STRESS CONCENTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3, 2-47, 2-53 THRU 2-57, 2-61, 2-63, 2-66, 7-33, 8-12
STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-21
STRESSES IN COMPOSITE STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-52
STRESSES IN SHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-76, 1-82
Index-17
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Index-18
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Index-19
S0300-A8-HBK-010
Index-20