Lecture 7
TWO-SAMPLE TESTS
OF HYPOTHESIS
Learning Objectives
2
⚫ LO1 Explain the difference between dependent and
independent samples.
⚫ LO2 Carry out a test of a hypothesis about the mean
difference between paired and dependent
observations.
⚫ LO3 Test a hypothesis that two independent
population means with known population standard
deviations are equal.
⚫ LO4 Conduct a test of a hypothesis that two
independent population means are equal, assuming
equal but unknown population standard deviations.
Prepared by Dr. Magdy A. Khalaf SMD
Two Dependent Samples
3
⚫ Two types of dependent samples:
1) A “before” and “after” study:
⚪ a measurement, an intervention of some type, and then another measurement.
Example:
To evaluate an incentive plan for salespeople, a sample of salespeople
were selected at random, and their weekly incomes before and after the
plan were recorded.
2) A matching or pairing of the observations.
Examples:
Comparing the number of defective units produced on the
day shift and the afternoon shift for a sample of same days last.
Prepared by Dr. Magdy A. Khalaf SMD
Two Dependent Samples
4
⚫
A two-tailed test A one-tailed test
Ho: µd=0 Ho: µd≤0
H1: µd≠0 H1: µd>0
Prepared by Dr. Magdy A. Khalaf SMD
Exercise
5
⚫ The following sample information shows the number of
defective units produced on the day shift and the afternoon shift
for a sample of four days last month.
Days
1 2 3 4
Day shift 10 12 15 19
Afternoon shift 8 9 12 15
⚫ At the .05 significance level, can we conclude there are more
defects produced on the afternoon shift?
Prepared by Dr. Magdy A. Khalaf SMD
Two Independent Population Means - Known σs
6
⚫ Step 1: State (H0) and (H1)
A two-tailed test A one-tailed test
Ho: µ1=µ2 (µ1-µ2 = 0) Ho: µ1≤µ2
H1: µ1≠µ2 H1: µ1>µ2
⚫ Step 3: Select the Test Statistic
⚫ Assumptions:
⚪ The two samples must be independent.
⚪ The standard deviations for both populations must be known.
Prepared by Dr. Magdy A. Khalaf SMD
Exercise
7
⚫ A sample of 40 observations is selected from one population with a
population standard deviation of 5. The sample mean is 102. A
sample of 50 observations is selected from a second population with a
population standard deviation of 6. The sample mean is 99.
⚫ Conduct the following test of hypothesis using the .04 significance
level. Ho: µ1=µ2
H1: µ1≠µ2
⚫ A sample of 65 observations is selected from one population with a
population standard deviation of 0.75. The sample mean is 2.67. A
sample of 50 observations is selected from a second population with a
population standard deviation of 0.66. The sample mean is 2.59.
⚫ Conduct the following test of hypothesis using the .08
significance level. Ho: µ1≤µ2
H1: µ1>µ2
Prepared by Dr. Magdy A. Khalaf SMD
Two Independent Population Means - Unknown σs
8
⚫
A two-tailed test A one-tailed test
Ho: µ1=µ2 (µ1-µ2 = 0) Ho: µ1≤µ2
H1: µ1≠µ2 H1: µ1>µ2
Prepared by Dr. Magdy A. Khalaf SMD
Exercise
9
⚫ A random sample of 10 observations from one population
revealed a sample mean of 23 and a sample deviation of 4. A
random sample of 8 observations from another population
revealed a sample mean of 26 and a sample standard deviation
of 5.
⚫ At the .05 significance level, is there a difference between the
population means?
⚫ A random sample of 20 items from the first population showed a
mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. A sample of 16 items
for the second population showed a mean of 94 and a standard
deviation of 8.
⚫ Use the .05 significant level, conduct the following test of
hypothesis. Ho: µ1≤µ2
H1: µ1>µ2
Prepared by Dr. Magdy A. Khalaf SMD
