Chennai CDP Review
Chennai CDP Review
Chennai CDP Review
September 2009
GHK Consultants India Private Ltd (An associate of GHK Group, United Kingdom)
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Executive Summary
Introduction
The purpose of the Chennai City Development Plan 2009 (CDP) is to update the 2006 CDP that was prepared as part of the Government of India's Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) funding application process. The revised CDP 2009 will guide development of the Chennai Metropolitan Area through to the year 2026. The need for a revised CDP was identified for a number of reasons as discussed in the main report. The City of Chennai subsequently sought and received assistance from the Asian Development Bank's (ADB) City Development Initiative for Asia Program (CDIA) to undertake the work. Chennai is the first city to undergo the CDP Review exercise and, as such, presents a model for replication in other Indian cities and elsewhere in the CDIA programme.
Objectives
This review of the 2006 CDP has three prime objectives: 1. 2. 3. to conduct a participatory review of the Corporation of Chennai's (CoC) CDP and its investment program to be submitted under the JNNURM Funding; to strengthen institutional development within government, NGOs and civil society to identify, prioritize and plan infrastructure projects; and to assist the CoC prepare a marketing strategy and plan, with an emphasis on linking CoC to financing institutions and infrastructure projects within it.
Followed up with: Institutional Development and Capacity Building Marketing & Communication Strategies and Plan
Stakeholder Participation
Stakeholder participation formed a strong component of the CDP 2009. Informal participation was ongoing throughout the exercise and a formal programme of events was implemented including: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 8 November 2008: North Chennai Stakeholders Workshop hosted by the North Chennai Peoples Right Forum. 20 December 2008: Workshop involving all councillors of Corporation of Chennai. 7 February 2009: Workshop on the "Formal Sector Economy and Mobility Infrastructure". 14 February 2009: Workshop on the "Informal Sector" discussing needs of both housing and economic activities. 29 May 2009: Workshop held on "Institutional Structure and Governance".
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16 September 2009: Review of Draft CDP 2009: Presented and discussed with participants including government officials from both CoC and State levels, members of Chennai's informal sector, civil society groups, academics, media, CDIA and consultant teams.
The physical Planning Area comprises 5 components: 1. Corporation of Chennai - the 'City'; 2. 16 Municipalities 3. 20 Town Panchayats 4. 214 Village Panchayats (grouped into 10 Panchayat Unions) which include the majority of the rural and natural areas; 5. A series of Satellite Towns lying beyond the CMA. Main Report ii
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The actual "growth" of Chennai impacts a much wider area. Planning for the future must be aware of regional, national and international influences. Figure ES-1: The Planning Area and CUA
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established for urban infrastructure planning under the World Bank assisted Tamil Nadu Urban Development Fund. Many agencies lack sufficient capacities to fully exercise their responsibilities. Municipal Infrastructure: Severely strained transportation, water supply, sanitation and energy services affect most of the population, with pressures increasing due to population growth, a lack of resources to properly maintain and expand systems and high levels of inability or unwillingness to pay. The lower-income urban slum populations are particularly lacking access to adequate basic services. Finance: Municipal level financial resources are minimal at best. The City of Chennai operates with a slight surplus, although the rate of expenditures exceeds that of revenue. The surrounding Municipalities virtually all operate at a loss. The Chennai Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB) breaks even, but with insufficient cost recovery to properly run operation and maintenance programmes. JNNURM funding is an important catalyst for urban development. However, funds sanctioned to date represent less than 10% of identified needs in the CDP 2006 and a similar shortfall in CDP 2009. The CDP 2009 is prepared with wide marketability as a main objective in order to fill the funding gap. Planning: The CDP 2009 falls under the overall guidance of the Second Master Plan (2008) (SMP) governing development of the entire Chennai Metropolitan Area. The CDP acts as a more specific investment guide for implementation of the SMP, and will be followed by a series of Detailed Project Reports which pave the way for implementation.
Underlying all of these as major cross-cutting themes are linkages to Poverty Reduction and sustainable Environmental Management, both of which are supported throughout.
The CDP 2009 consolidates and elaborates these key features and presents them in graphic form to illustrate a Macro-Level Planning Framework and how it addresses the critical existing situation of ad hoc development. Figures ES-2 and ES3.
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Figure ES-2: Macro-Level Growth Management a. Environmental Features b. Current Growth Pattern c. Proposed Growth Pattern
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Investment Prioritisation
Prioritisation of a long-list of desired investments is the basis for preparation of a comprehensive short, medium and long-term Investment Plan. The following 3 steps were used: 1. Identification of a long-list of potential project investment came from the following sources: 2. CDP (2006) Stakeholder Participation process SMP (2008) Consultant identified "gaps" required to implement the SMP
Organisation of potential investments in accordance with: Geographic Area within the CMA (City, Municipality, Village Panchayats) Sector Optimisation, New, Study, Under Implementation Phasing
3.
Prioritisation and screening factors include: Environmental importance Socio-economic benefit Support to SMP implementation (targeted growth areas) Integration/follow-up to existing investments Funding availability (Phasing) Institutional capacities Emphasis on Optimisation before New Stakeholders expressed concerns
Approach Recommendations
Imperatives of decentralised democratic governance under 74 constitution amendment to be fully factored in priority needs for sustainable planning, implementation and management recognize important role of civil society institutionalise Stakeholder Participation create an umbrella Metropolitan Planning Agency for integrated coordination implement recommendations/requirements of the JNNURM program need internal capacity to manage, implement, monitor and revise CDP 2009 a priority environmental health sector separately developed to Pre-Feasibility Stage under another consultancy recommends decentralised approach to primary and secondary collection recommends a centralised "cluster" approach for final disposal identifying appropriate final disposal sites is critical focus on minimising final disposal quantities through recycling, etc. a priority environmental sector separately developed to Pre-Feasibility Stage under another consultancy focus on flood reduction, mosquito and pollution control
th
Waterways Management
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Sector
Water Supply
Approach Recommendations
focus on combination of upgrading/optimising existing infrastructure investments fill service gaps to under-serviced population groups focused expansion and densification of priority peri-urban areas focus on combination of upgrading/optimising existing infrastructure investments fill service gaps to under-serviced population groups focused expansion and densification of priority peri-urban areas recognized impacts on Waterways Management recognizes series of major capital-intensive projects already planned or under implementation focus on filling "gaps" in current services, networks optimise existing infrastructure support multi-modal connectivity formal recognition of the informal sector as a legitimate part of the city is needed existing ad hoc and segregated development needs coordinating under the same urban authority as for other urban planning and development initiatives
Shelter
over 95% of shelter is by private sector which needs enabling environment government role should be as facilitator, not provider government focus should on facilitating shelter for lower-income. Higher income is fine on their own all urban work requires multi-sector integration and coordination includes slum upgrading, redevelopment of existing built-up areas, proposed new "neighbourhoods" along outer Ring Road, other "Greenfield" developments "optimisation" programs require multi-sector integration important to recognize, preserve, incorporate as important cultural assets, urban richness, tourism potential not addressed in depth in CDP 2009 not addressed in CDP 2009 not addressed in CDP 2009 not addressed in CDP 2009
Heritage Resources
Investment Plan
The Prioritised Investments, projected to total Rs 236,402.61 millions through to 2026 are organised as a comprehensive Investment Plan which identifies existing and required "gap" funding by Sector, Geographic Area and Responsible Institution. The Investment Plan also outlines a series of financing issues to be addressed, alternative sources of "gap" funding, and an indication of implementation capacities of the responsible institutions. A separate section deals with how to develop the required institutional capacities where needs are identified. Table ES-2 summarises proposed investments by Sector while Table ES-3 presents an investment summary by CMA Area. Table ES-4 presents projected investments on a per capita basis based on estimated populations in 2026 in accordance with the proposed Macro-Level Growth Management Strategy.
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SL. NO
SECTOR
TOTAL ESTIMATED REQUIREMENT to 2026 225.00 9,547.57 53,359.04 77,128.00 22,064.00 28,951.00
1 Inst. Capacity Building Key Infrastructure 2 3 4 5 Solid Waste Management Waterways/Drainage Water Supply Sewerage and Sanitation
6 Traffic and Transportation Multi-Sectoral Slum Upgrading / Basic Urban 7 Services for Poor 8 9 Others 10 11 12 13 Shelter Integrated Developments, Urban Renewal Energy Communications Social Amenities Heritage Resources Total
45,120.00
Recommendations made on private & public sector initatives/roles
5,362.00
39,758.00
8.00
8.00
236,402.61
22,025.50
214,377.11
Area Summary
SL. NO 1 2 3 4 5 UNITS Chennai Metropolitan Area Corporation of Chennai Municipalities Towns Panchayats Village Panchayats Total
Total Investment Estimated Per Capita Investment to 2026 (INR Population 2026 to 2026 (Rs/Per head) Million) 58,090.27 139,781.34 24,766.00 10,771.00 2,994.00 236,402.61 12,542,000 6,301,000 4,215,000 1,029,000 997,000 12,542,000 4,631.66 22,183.99 5,875.68 10,467.44 3,003.01 18,849
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Strong
Very Strong
Very Strong
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