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Computer Fundamentals: By: Greggy Roy A. Marquez

This document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, including: 1. It defines what a computer is as an electronic device that processes data into meaningful information, controlled by software. 2. It discusses the history of computers from the abacus to modern computers like mainframes, personal computers, and supercomputers. 3. It describes the basic components of a computer system, including the microprocessor, RAM, ROM, storage devices, ports, buses, and expansion slots.

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60 views

Computer Fundamentals: By: Greggy Roy A. Marquez

This document provides an overview of computer fundamentals, including: 1. It defines what a computer is as an electronic device that processes data into meaningful information, controlled by software. 2. It discusses the history of computers from the abacus to modern computers like mainframes, personal computers, and supercomputers. 3. It describes the basic components of a computer system, including the microprocessor, RAM, ROM, storage devices, ports, buses, and expansion slots.

Uploaded by

Row Row
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Fundamentals

By: Greggy Roy A. Marquez

Why We Study Computer?


We can accomplished many task Seminars and conferences speakers can present topics in animation to a Projector using Microsoft Powerpoint Professionals like architects can enhanced their productivity using autocad software Banks can use ATM Airline companies can book flights in an online reservation systems

What is Computer?
Simply an electronic device that process data, converting it into meaningful information. Controlled by the software that serves instructions to make it run

History of Computer
Abacus is the first computer which is used to calculate arabic numbers.

Charles Babage is the inventor of Difference engine and also called as the Father of Computer

Computer Today

Mainframe Minicomputer Personal Computers Workstation Laptop Pocket PCs Supercomputers Embedded Computers Special Purpose Computers

Computers
Works in Binary Digits (bits) It is using base 2 number system (binary number system)

The Basics of Computer Hardware


By: Greggy Roy A. Marquez

What does computer really do


Computer can do only four simple tasks: - receive an input, process information, produce output, and store information

Program
A set of commands of instruction for a computer to follow Usually call this end-product: a Software

Input Devices
Keyboard Mouse Joystick

Output Devices
Monitor Printer

Microprocessor
Is used in processing information such as performing arithmetic computations and speaking Also called the central processing unit Or the brain of the computer

The speed of CPU


Perform tasks measured in units called megahertz (MHz)re Mega million in engineering term Giga billion in engineering term Performance of the computer is dictated mainly by its internal design or commonly known in computer engineering field as architecture

Microprocessor Design and Architecture is based on:


Complex instruction set computing (CISC) Reduced instruction set computing (RISC) Parallel processing

Intel Models of Microprocessor


Pentium for Personal Computers (PCs) Celeron for Budget PCs Itanium for Server computer Xenon for High end Workstation and Servers PCs

AMDs model of Microprocessor


Athlon for Personal Computer Duron for Budget PCs Opteron for Server computer Turion for Labtops

The RAM and Rom The RAM


Is the computer main memory It can hold millions of data temporarily Is a volatile type

The ROM
Is non-volatile type memory Is use to check the basic subsystems of the computer hardware

The CMOS
Used to hold and record all basic set-ups of the computer system Is a semi conductor design technology that consumes less electrical energy All settings of the hardware and software are recorded on CMOS chip

Flash Memory
A non-volatile memory

Monitors
CRT(Cathode Ray Tube) a television-style screen. LCD(Crystal Liquid Display) a flat panel model. LCD is the new technology in designing and manufacturing a computer monitor. It produces more crisper images, high-resolution color and totally improved quality for viewing.

Resolution refers to the sharpness or clarity of an image we can see in our computers monitor. It is determined by the numbers of pixels on the screen, expressed as a matrix. Eyestrain fatigue of the eyes. The muscle of our eyes becomes strained when we look at the screen for so long.

Video card commonly known as the video controller or video adapter. It is a device we plug into one of the expansion (input/output) slots in the PCs motherboard.

The Most Commonly used Video Card


Nvidia ATI Intels GMA (Graphic Media Accelerator)

Printer
- is used to produce a hard copy on paper for whatever information or images are displayed on screen

Dot-matrix printers Laser Printer Inkjet Printer Plotter

Storage Devices
Floppy Disk (Diskettes)- is a magnetically and flexible plastic wafer housed in a plastic case Hard Disk - is a rigidly solid magnetically sensitive disk that spins rapidly and continuously inside the computer system unit case

CD/DVD-ROM disk (Compact Disc Read Only Memory) is an optical disk, which is physically identical to musical compact disc which we are using in our hi-fi CD cassettes and stereo players. USB Flash Disk (Thumb Drive) is a small lightweight flash memory mass storage device that rewritable and removable.

Computer Ports
Allows the user to connect to the input and output devices or other peripherals into the PC or Laptop.

Ports
Keyboard and Mouse ports Monitor port Network Port Modem Port Parallel Port Serial Port Usb Port Audio Port

Computer Bus
Is a group of parallel wires that is a path or route between the different interconnecting components of a computer system.

Two Main Buses


System Bus Connects the CPU to other devices that resides on the motherboard System bus has two parts
Data bus Address bus

Expansion Bus Connect external devices such as mouse, keyboard, printer, or modem to the CPU

Bus Standards
Industry Standard Architecture Universal Serial Bus Local Bus Accelerated Graphics Bus or Port PC Card Bus FireWire

Expansion Slots
Through expansion slots, we increase the capability of our computer.

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