Presentation on Turbine Protection System

Prepared By Subir Biswas

TURBINE PROTECTION
The turbine protection system can be actuated by any of the following trip systems : -- Hydraulic trip system -- Electrical trip system Both the trip systems, when initiated, act on the hydraulic control system and cause trip oil pressure to collapse which in turn closes the Emergency stop valves, Interceptor valves and control valves.

HYDRAULIC TRIP SYSTEM

(1) Overspeed trip device 1 (2) Overspeed trip device 2 (3) Low Vacuum trip device (4) Hand Trip Lever-1 (Local) (5) Hand Trip Lever-2 (Local)

TURBINE PROTECTIONS
LUB OIL PRESSURE LOW BEARING METAL TEMP HIGH AXIAL SHIFT LOW VACUUM HP EXHAUST TEMP HIGH MS TEMP LOW FIRE PROTECTION 1&2 MFT ATRS TRIP GENERATOR TRIP LEADING TO TURBINE TRIP

TURBINE PROTECTIONS
LIQUID MAIN LEADS TOP HIGH COLD GAS COOLERS TEMP A&B HIGH COLD GAS COOLERS TEMP C&D HIGH SEAL OIL TEMP AFTER COOLER AIR HIGH HOT AIR MAIN EXCITER TEMP HIGH

TURBINE PROTECTIONS
The electrical trip system comprises of two identical and dependent relay based trip channels viz. electrical trip channels 1 & 2. One channel is connected to trip solenoid valve MAX51AA001 and the other to trip solenoid valve MAX51AA002. All command signals for turbine trip are hooked up with both the channels. Actuation of any of the channels energises the respective trip solenoid which in turn trips the turbine

ELECTRICAL TRIP CONDITIONS

TURBINE PROTECTIONS

ELECTRICAL TRIP CONDITIONS

TRIP RELAY 1

HYDRAULIC TRIP DEVICES

TRIP RELAY 1

TRIP SOLENOID 1

TRIP SOLENOID 2

TURBINE TRIP VALVE

STOP VALVE

TURBINE PROTECTIONS
(1) Axial Shift very high: A too high axial displacement of the turbine shaft may cause damage to the turbine blades. The axial shift is measured in both directions () using three proximity probes. Alarm: (+/-) 0.5 Trip: (+/-) 1 2 out of 3 logic

TURBINE PROTECTIONS
(2) TG Bearing Metal Temp. Very High: The excessive temperature rise of bearings can cause wear to bearing shells Bearing temperature trip protects the thrust and journal bearings of the Turbine and Generator against excessive temperatures. The temperature of the babbit material is measured by means of four thermocouples in the bearing for each bearing at HP front and HP rear Journal bearings and Thrust bearing. In other journal bearings , temperature is measured by means of thermocouples at front and rear end. Alarm: 90 Deg C Trip: 130 Deg C 2 out of 4 logic For example: HPT FR BRG (TOP LE) > 130 DEG C HPT FR BRG (TOP RI) > 130 DEG C HPT FR BRG (BOTT LE) > 130 DEG C HPT FR BRG (BOTT RI) > 130 DEG C

TURBINE PROTECTIONS
(3) HP Exhaust Temp. Very High: The HP exhaust steam temperature protection circuit causes the exhaust sections of the turbine, the blading and the extraction points against overheating. Under extreme operating conditions the HP turbine can be run at low flow rate and simultaneous relatively high back pressure. This prevents the steam from expanding, which causes the exhaust steam temperature to rise. The temperature is measured by means of three thermocouples . Trip: 500 Deg C Time Delay: 0.1 Sec 2 out of 3 logic

TURBINE PROTECTIONS
(4) Low vacuum: Hydraulic low vacuum trip: 0.3 bar Electrical low vacuum trip: 0.3 bar & speed actual> 540 RPM 2 out of 3 logic Significance: Result in rise in LP exhaust temp hood temp & LP blading Note: To prevent operation of trip circuit during start-up, an interlock is provided. This interlock ensures that the trip circuit is enabled only, if the turbine speed is more than 540 RPM.

TURBINE PROTECTIONS
(5) Lube Oil Header pressure very low: The protection acts if the lube oil pressure before thrust bearing decreases to 1.2Kg/cm 2 out of 3 logic (6) Mech Overspeed: Overspeed Trip Dev-1: 3300 RPM Overspeed Trip Dev-2: 3330 RPM

TURBINE PROTECTIONS
(7) MS Temp Low: Trip value : 450 Deg C (Arming 500 Deg C) Time Delay : 30 Sec 2 out of 2 logic (MS temp before ESV-1 &2) Significance: Prevent condensate from live steam line entering the blading section & below this temp there will be danger of turbine metal cooling & reversal of stresses.

TURBINE PROTECTIONS
(8) Fire Protection: The protection acts in the event of any of the following conditions : i) Fire protection (1 &2) switch, either in unit control room or in machine hall, operated. ii) Level in main oil tank falls to a very low value (1050 mm), indicating substantial leakage of oil from the system. (Through Fire Protection-1) The command signal under condition (ii) is initiated from three level switches in 2-out-of-3 logic

TURBINE PROTECTIONS
(9) Generator Protection (Mech): (1) Liquid Main Leads Top: L>Max, 2 out of 3 logic (2) Cold Gas Cooler Temp (A+B): T>55 Deg C (3) Cold Gas Cooler Temp (C+D): T>55 Deg C (4) Hot Air Main Exciter: T>85 Deg C (5) Seal Oil Temp after cooler: T>55 Deg C (6) Gen & Exciter Bearing Temp: T>130 Deg C

TURBINE PROTECTIONS
(10) Trip Switch (UCB) Opted (11) Trip CMD from CRT-MMI (12) Trip Comm from ATRS (13) Generator Protection (Elect) (14) Master Fuel Trip Relay (15) Reverse Power Rel Optd (16) Disc Rel 1.1 & 1.2 Optd

TURBINE PROTECTIONS
Advisable Trip Vibration:
Absolute bearing housing vibration
Standard Alarm setting Maximum Alarm setting Limit Value for tripping 84 micron 106 micron

Absolute shaft vibration

50 micron above normal level 200 micron 320micron

TURBINE PROTECTIONS
Advisable Trip Casing Metal Temp Differences:
Temp Difference (Deg C)
Between upper & lower casing halves of HP turbine Between upper & lower casing halves of IP turbine, front & rear

Alarm at

Machine must be tripped at

+/- 70

+/- 55

+/- 30

+/- 45

TURBINE PROTECTIONS
Advisable Trip Casing Metal Temp :
Temp (Deg C) Alarm at Machine must be tripped at
110

Outer Casing of LP Cylinder

90 (Spray water must be switched on)

TURBINE PROTECTIONS
Steam Temp:
Deg C Rated value annual average Long term value 400 hrs. per year 80 hrs. per year, max 15 min in individual case 565

MS Temp at HP stop valve inlet HRH Temp at IP stop valve inlet

537

537

551

537

537

551

565

TURBINE PROTECTIONS
(1) Speed: Speed exclusion range at operation without load: 11.7
to 47.5 c/s
Note: This speed range should be passed through in one smooth operation to avoid endangering the blades due to resonance.

(2) Motoring: Motoring is the condition in which the turbine is

driven by the generator at rated speed with the stop & control valves closed. In this operating mode, certain turbine components are heated up by windage of blading. To prevent heat-up beyond permissible temperatures, motoring must not be allowed to continue for longer than one minute. If the condenser low vacuum limit of 0.3 bar is exceeded, motoring must not be allowed to continue for more than 4 seconds.

OVERSPEED TRIP BOLTS IN BEARING NO. 1 PEDESTAL

BEARING / SHAFT VIBRATION PICK UP MOUNTED ON BEARING NO. 4 PEDESTAL

RESETTING OF MTV FOR TRIPPING OF MTV FOR TRIP ESTABLISHING TRIP/AUX KILLING TRIP OIL OIL

MAIN TRIP VALVE

DRAI N

TRIP OIL TO RESET/OPEN STOP VALVE & FOLLOW-UP VALVES ETC TO PRODUCE SECONDARY OIL (0 (4.8-6.0 Kg/cm2)

CONTROL OIL FROM AOP/MOP(6-8.5 Kg/cm2)

Kg/cm2)

AUX TRIP OIL TO HYDRAULIC TRIP DEVICES (4.8-6.0 (0 Kg/cm2) Kg/cm2)

AUX START-UP OIL FROM STARTING DEVICE (0 POSITION)

TRIPPING OF MTV THROUGH RTSV (ELECTRICAL)

TRIPPING THROUGH RTSV

REMOTE TRIP SOLENOID OPERATED VALVES CONTROL OIL FROM AOP/MOP

TRIP OIL TO HOLD STOP V/VS & AND TO PRODUCE SECONDARY OIL DRAIN

Filter

AUX STARTUP OIL TO RESET MTV

AUX TRIP OIL TO HYDRAULIC TRIPING DEVICES

TRIPPING OF MTV THROUGH HYDRAULIC TRIP DEVICE (MECHANICAL)

TRIPPING THROUGH HYD TRIPDEVICE

REMOTE TRIP SOLENOID OPERATED VALVES

TRIP OIL TO HOLD STOP V/VS & AND TO PRODUCE SECONDARY OIL
DRAIN

CONTROL OIL FROM AOP/MOP

Filter

AUX START-UP OIL TO RESET HYD TRIP DEVICES

AUX START-UP OIL TO RESET MTV

AUX TRIP OIL TO HYDRAULIC TRIPING DEVICES

HYDRAULIC TRIP DEVICE

AUX TRIP OIL TO THE HYDRAULIC TRIPING DEVICES

RESETTING OF RTSV, HYD. TRIP DEVICES & MTV THROUGH

RESETTING OF RTSV, HYD. TRIP DEVICES & MTV THROUGH

REMOTE TRIP SOLENOID OPERATED VALVES CONTROL OIL FROM AOP/MOP

TRIP OIL TO HOLD STOP V/VS & AND TO PRODUCE SECONDARY OIL DRAIN

Filter

AUX STARTUP OIL TO RESET MTV

AUX START-UP OIL TO RESET HYDRAULIC TRIP DEVICES

HYDRAULIC TRIP DEVICE

AUX TRIP OIL TO THE HYDRAULIC TRIPING DEVICES

TURBINE OVERSPEED TRIP DEVICE

AUX START-UP OIL TO RESET AUX TRIP OIL

FLY BOTL Drain

Aux Trip Oil

TURBINE OVERSPEED TRIP DEVICE

THANK YOU