Diamonds Chirag

DIAMONDS ARE FOREVER
Introduction
•Diamonds were discovered in India in

500 B.C., and the name "diamond" comes
from the Greek word "Adamas" which
means unconquerable - suggesting the
eternity of love.
•Since ancient Greece, diamonds and diamond jewelry have been the traditional
symbol of love, and the ancients believed they were hardened dew drops, splinters
from the stars or crystallized lightning.
•A diamond is the hardest substance known to humankind, and is made of a

crystallized CARBON that has unique powers of light reflection.
•Since diamonds are composed of a single element, they are the purest of all
gemstones.
•Diamonds dazzle and delight - the eternal sparkling symbol of love and eternity
DIAMOND FORMATION
Diamonds that are mined today were In dramatic geological events
born more than 1000 million years within the earth's core, melting
fluids far underneath the
ago. Highly pressurized C arbon Earth’s surface were pushed
formed this seductive and valuable violently to the surface,
mineral in the earth at depths over causing volcanic eruptions.
150 kilometers and at temperatures These explosions created
greater than 10,000 degrees Celsius.. conical pipes filled with
kimberlite, or hardened
volcanic rock. Once the
original volcanic cone was
removed by gradual erosion,
the kimberlite pipes containing
diamond is exposed.
Diamonds are in fact only

accidental fragments brought
to the surface of the earth
hidden within this kimberlite
rock
ROUGH DIAMONDS
In order to deal effectively with R ough
diamonds, one should be well educated in the
identification and evaluation of the cut and polished
diamonds. A good working knowledge of diamonds
in their natural form, known as ìroughsî & is very
desirable.
4 C’s OF POLISHED DIAMOND
In selecting a diamond, the rarity, value and beauty is determined by the four
factors mentioned here, called as:
The
4C’s
Of
diamonds C arat
C larity
C olor
C ut
CARAT WEIGHT
Carat weight is the unit of weight measurement

used for diamonds and other gemstones.
1 carat = 100 cents / 0.200gms / 200 milligram
 0.075 - 0.02cts diamonds are known as ‘STAR’

0.02cts – 0.07cts diamonds are termed as ‘MELEE’
0.07- 0.13cts diamonds are termed as ‘+11 -14’
0.14 and above are termed as ‘Pointer’
 Carat weight refers only to the weight of the diamonds

and not to the dimensions of a diamond.
CARAT WEIGHT
0.10cts 3.05 mm
0.25cts 4.10 mm
0.33cts 4.50 mm
0.50cts 5.20 mm
0.75cts 5.80 mm
1.00cts 6.50 mm
*Not in scale – a relative comparison

DIMENSIONS
Sieves are used to sort the similar

size of diamonds from a mix lot of
sizes. The metal sieve plates has a
specified mm sizes of mesh holes
drilled in it through which the
diamonds, may or may not, pass.
The Sieve sizes starts from:
000 = 1.00 mm
00 = 1.05 mm = 0.05 cts
0 = 1.10 mm
1 = 1.15 mm
1.5 = 1.20 mm ,and goes on to----------
20 = 4.5 mm = 0.33cts (33 pointer)

CLARITY
Clarity is the occurrence of

inclusions, small crystalline fractures or
irregular crystal growth, or the lack of
them inside the diamond. Clarity grading is done using
a binocular microscope under 10X
corrected magnification.
CLARITY
FLAWLESS IF / FL
Very Very Slight Inclusions VVS1 , VVS2
Very Slight Inclusions VS1 , VS2
Slight Inclusions S1 , S2
Imperfect I1 , I2 , I3
COLOUR
Colour is the amount of body colour in the diamond. The clearer a

diamond, the more value able it is. Colorless “D” on the
color scale is the most value able because it has the most
clarity. However, when a diamond is graded as a fancy
colour, the value
Colour – sometimes
increases due to the rarity of the
refer as canary yellow diamonds.
GIA COLOUR GRADING
Colourless D,E,F
Near Colourless G, H, I, J
Faint Yellow K, L, M
Very Light Yellow N, O, P, Q, R
Light Yellow S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z
Fancy Yellow Fancy Light, Fancy, Intense

Colour Comparison
It is not very much

possible every time, even
for an expert, to say the
exact color of the diamond
unless and until it is
compared with other
diamonds.
Fancy Intense Yellow
E-G COLOR
M-O COLOR
CUT
 The Cut is the factor that

determines the brilliance
of a diamond. A classic
round brilliant cut
diamond has 58 facets :
• 33 on the top
• 24 on the bottom
• And the culet (1 point at
the bottom).
Each of the diamond's facets must be placed in exact geometric relation to

one another when the stone is being cut. Quality diamonds must be properly
cut and not "spread", which means that the proper proportions are
compromised to make the diamond weigh more.
CUT
Analyzing Cut
To understand the sub-categories for well-cut diamonds, think of a pyramid with
"Ideal" at the top.
This narrow range is reserved for the most brilliant, rare and valuable diamonds.
The "Excellent" range includes beautiful diamonds that return almost as much light.
"Very Good" represents the balance between precise proportions and price
considerations.
EFFECTS OF CUT
Shallow Diamond
“Fish-Eye”
“Palcha
Diamond”
Deep–Cut
“Nail-Head”
“Strong Cut”
Well-Cut
“Perfect Cut”
“Ideal-Cut”
ROLE OF FACETS
CROWN Balance, Brilliance, Dispersion, and Scintillation
Provide a Setting Edge for the gem

GIRDLE
Reflect light back up through the crown
PAVILLION
CULET Prevent Chipping at the tip
Culet
FANCY SHAPES
Fancy shapes are less
expensive than Rounds.
There is one quality which
can affect the cost of a Fancy
Shape yet never appear on a
Certificate, and that is "Shape
Appeal".
You don't need to be a

gemologist to know if a Heart
Shape has an appealing

look to it. The best way to
judge shape appeal is to look
at the stone's girdle outline
without a Loupe, and decide
if it's attractive
COST
The cost of a diamond

is determined by:
• The combination of the 4Cs.

• The availability of diamonds
in the market.
• The choices you make about
the combinations of quality /
4 Cs, finally determines the
cost to you, & to the
consumer.
To calculate the price of a diamond -- multiply the carat weight by the
price/carat. For example: if a 1.25 carat diamond was priced at
Rs.40,000 per/carat the diamond would be sold for Rs. 50,000.
CZ
Undoubtedly the best diamond simulant available today, Cubic Zirconia

has been established as an affordable diamond substitute as well as an
important fashion staple in itself.
CZ really took off in the

1980's, when Swarovski & Co.,
a world-renowned Austrian
producer of leaded crystal,
began producing cubic zirconia
for mass consumption.
Recently, new developments in CZ production have led to a sparkling

new array of CZs in every color of the rainbow. Most people, even
trained gemologists, cannot tell the difference with the naked eye
CZ
Like a diamond?
In appearance, cubic zirconia looks
almost exactly like a good quality
diamond, although there are some
slight differences.
WEIGHT
CZ is about 75% heavier than diamond.
1 carat (Real) Diamond = 1.75 carat CZ
CLARITY
The finest CZs are perfect in clarity.
FIRE and BRILLIANCE

CZ has slightly less brilliance (sparkle) than diamond, while having more
fire (flashes of rainbow colors).
HARDNESS
There are very few substances on earth harder than CZ. With a hardness
rating of 8.5, CZ comes close to matching diamond's perfect 10
CZ
CUT
The finestCZ is cut to exacting tolerances, according to the proportions
demanded in fine diamond cutting. Finely cut CZs will have a polished
girdle and more fire.
Diamonds retain superb

luster even after centuries of
wear wherein CZ loses its

luster very soon. However,
The overall effect is so similar
to diamond that trained
gemologists often require
special equipment to tell
them apart.

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DIAMONDS ARE FOREVER

•Diamonds were discovered in India in

•A diamond is the hardest substance known to humankind, and is made of a

Diamonds are in fact only

Carat weight is the unit of weight measurement

1 carat = 100 cents / 0.200gms / 200 milligram

 0.075 - 0.02cts diamonds are known as ‘STAR’

 Carat weight refers only to the weight of the diamonds

*Not in scale – a relative comparison

Sieves are used to sort the similar

The Sieve sizes starts from:

20 = 4.5 mm = 0.33cts (33 pointer)

Clarity is the occurrence of

Very Very Slight Inclusions VVS1 , VVS2

Very Slight Inclusions VS1 , VS2

Colour is the amount of body colour in the diamond. The clearer a

Very Light Yellow N, O, P, Q, R

Fancy Yellow Fancy Light, Fancy, Intense

It is not very much

 The Cut is the factor that

Each of the diamond's facets must be placed in exact geometric relation to

CROWN Balance, Brilliance, Dispersion, and Scintillation

Provide a Setting Edge for the gem

CULET Prevent Chipping at the tip

You don't need to be a

Shape has an appealing

The cost of a diamond

• The combination of the 4Cs.

Undoubtedly the best diamond simulant available today, Cubic Zirconia

CZ really took off in the

Recently, new developments in CZ production have led to a sparkling

FIRE and BRILLIANCE

Diamonds retain superb

wear wherein CZ loses its

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