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    Interchangeability

    Uploaded by

    Shashank Pathak
    The document discusses machined parts and tolerances. It explains that there must be enough clearance between a shaft and hole to allow for lubrication, but not so much clearance that it causes vibration and wear. It also discusses interchangeability in mass production, nominal sizes, limits and fits between parts, tolerance zones, and different types of fits like clearance fits, transition fits, and interference fits. Diagrams show hole basis and shaft basis systems for achieving different fits by varying hole or shaft sizes.

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Interchangeability

    Uploaded by

    Shashank Pathak
    185 views16 pages
    The document discusses machined parts and tolerances. It explains that there must be enough clearance between a shaft and hole to allow for lubrication, but not so much clearance that it causes vibration and wear. It also discusses interchangeability in mass production, nominal sizes, limits and fits between parts, tolerance zones, and different types of fits like clearance fits, transition fits, and interference fits. Diagrams show hole basis and shaft basis systems for achieving different fits by varying hole or shaft sizes.

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    The document discusses machined parts and tolerances. It explains that there must be enough clearance between a shaft and hole to allow for lubrication, but not so much clearance that it causes vibration and wear. It also discusses interchangeability in mass production, nominal sizes, limits and fits between parts, tolerance zones, and different types of fits like clearance fits, transition fits, and interference fits. Diagrams show hole basis and shaft basis systems for achieving different fits by varying hole or shaft sizes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    185 views16 pages

    Interchangeability

    Uploaded by

    Shashank Pathak
    The document discusses machined parts and tolerances. It explains that there must be enough clearance between a shaft and hole to allow for lubrication, but not so much clearance that it causes vibration and wear. It also discusses interchangeability in mass production, nominal sizes, limits and fits between parts, tolerance zones, and different types of fits like clearance fits, transition fits, and interference fits. Diagrams show hole basis and shaft basis systems for achieving different fits by varying hole or shaft sizes.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Machined parts

    I.C engine

    Fig. Coupling

    Fig. Turbine

    Fig. Lathe machine

    if a shaft is to rotate in a hole, there must be enough


    clearance between the shaft and hole to allow the oil film to be maintained for lubrication. If the clearance is too small, excessive force would be required in rotation of shaft.

    If clearance is too wide, there would be vibrations and rapid wear and ultimate failure

    Interchangeability
    This term is normally employed for the mass production of identical items. The sizes of parts are within a close degree of accuracy. But even then there will be small variations. If the variations are within certain limits, all parts of equivalent size will be equally fit for operating in machines and mechanisms.

    Limit and Fit


    Generally in engineering, any component manufactured is required to fit or match with some other component.
    The correct and prolonged functioning of the two components in match depends upon the correct size relationships between the two, i.e., the parts must fit with each other in a desired way

    Fig. Machined parts and assembly

    Nominal size: Size of a part specified in the drawing as a matter of

    convience.
    Limits of sizes: There are two extreme permissable sizes for a dimensions of the part as shown in Fig. The largest permissable size for a dimesnsion of the part is called upper limit, where as smallest size of the part is known as lower

    limit.

    Fig.

    Tolerance: It is the difference between the upper and lower limit of the

    dimension. The tolerence can be unilateral and bilateral.


    When tolerance is allowed one side of the nominal size. Then it is said to have unilateral system of tolerence. When the tolerence is allowed on both sides of the of the nominal size, then it is said to have bilateral system of tolerance.

    Basic size It is the size of a part to which all limits of variations (i.e. tolerances) are applied to arrive at final dimensioning of parts. The nominal size or basic size of a part is often same. Actual size It is the actual measured dimension of the part.

    Allowance It is the difference between the basic dimensios of the mating parts. The allowance may be positive or nagative . When the shaft size is less than the hole size allowance is positive

    When the shaft size is greater than the hole size allowance is
    negative

    Tolerence Zone: It is the zone between the maximim limit and minimum
    limit size as shown in Fig

    Zero line: It is the straight line corresponding to the basic size. The
    deviations are measured from this line.

    Upper deviation: It is the difference of dimension between the maximum


    possible size of the component and its nominal size.

    Lower deviation : Similarly, it is the difference of dimension between the minimum possible size of the component and its nominal size. Fundamental deviation : It defines the location of the tolerance zone
    with respect to the nominal size. For that matter, either of the deviations

    may be considered.

    Fit: The degreeof tightness or looseness between two mating parts is known as fit of the part. Clearance Fit In this type of fit, the shaft of largest possible diameter can also be fitted easily even in the hole of smallest possible diameter

    Fig. Schematic view of fit system

    Transition Fit : In this case, there will be a clearance between

    the minimum dimension of the shaft and the minimum


    dimension of the hole.

    Interference Fit

    Fig. Schematic view of fit system

    In this case, no matter whatever may be the tolerance level in shaft and the hole, there is always a overlapping of the mating parts. This is known as interference fit. Interference fit is a form of a tight fit.

    Hole and Shaft Basis System

    Fig. Hole basis system HOLE BASED SYSTEM

    Size of hole is kept constant, shaft size is varied to get different fits.

    Fig. Shaft basis system

    SHAFT BASED SYSTEM Size of shaft is kept constant, hole size is varied to get different fits

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