This document discusses principles of mass transfer including molecular diffusion and convective mass transfer. Molecular diffusion occurs due to random molecular motion from high to low concentration, following Fick's law. Convective mass transfer uses mechanical forces like stirring to increase molecular diffusion rates. Examples given include evaporation, dissolution, and reactions at catalyst surfaces. The document also provides an example calculation of molecular diffusion flux using Fick's law and the ideal gas law. Convective mass transfer rate is determined by the mass transfer coefficient and concentration differences near and far from surfaces.
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This document discusses principles of mass transfer including molecular diffusion and convective mass transfer. Molecular diffusion occurs due to random molecular motion from high to low concentration, following Fick's law. Convective mass transfer uses mechanical forces like stirring to increase molecular diffusion rates. Examples given include evaporation, dissolution, and reactions at catalyst surfaces. The document also provides an example calculation of molecular diffusion flux using Fick's law and the ideal gas law. Convective mass transfer rate is determined by the mass transfer coefficient and concentration differences near and far from surfaces.
This document discusses principles of mass transfer including molecular diffusion and convective mass transfer. Molecular diffusion occurs due to random molecular motion from high to low concentration, following Fick's law. Convective mass transfer uses mechanical forces like stirring to increase molecular diffusion rates. Examples given include evaporation, dissolution, and reactions at catalyst surfaces. The document also provides an example calculation of molecular diffusion flux using Fick's law and the ideal gas law. Convective mass transfer rate is determined by the mass transfer coefficient and concentration differences near and far from surfaces.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document discusses principles of mass transfer including molecular diffusion and convective mass transfer. Molecular diffusion occurs due to random molecular motion from high to low concentration, following Fick's law. Convective mass transfer uses mechanical forces like stirring to increase molecular diffusion rates. Examples given include evaporation, dissolution, and reactions at catalyst surfaces. The document also provides an example calculation of molecular diffusion flux using Fick's law and the ideal gas law. Convective mass transfer rate is determined by the mass transfer coefficient and concentration differences near and far from surfaces.
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Principles of Mass Transfer
By Inayati
Contents Mass Transfer
Molecular Diffusion Chapter 6
Convective Mass Transfer Chapter 7
Gases
Liquid
Solid
Introduction Mass Transfer When a component in a mixture migrates in the same phase or from phase to phase because of a difference in concentration rate of a transfer process = driving force resistance
Examples of mass transfer
Evaporation of water in the open pail to the atmosphere Coffee dissolves in water Oxygen dissolves in the solution to the microorganism in the fermentation process Reaction occurs when reactants diffuse from the surrounding medium to the catalyst surface
Possible driving force for mass transfer
1.Concentration different 2.Pressure different 3.Electrical gradient, etc
Types of Mass Transfer
1. Molecular diffusion Transfer of individual molecules through a fluid by random movement From high concentration to low concentration E.g. a drop of blue liquid dye is added to a cup of water the dye molecules will diffuse slowly by molecular diffusion to all parts of the water. - To increase this rate of mixing of the dye, the liquid can be mechanically agitated by a spoon and convective mass transfer will occur. 2. Convective mass transfer Using mechanical force or action to increase the rate of molecular diffusion E,g stirred the water to dissolve coffee during coffee making
Molecular Diffusion Diffusion of molecules when the bulk fluid is stationary given by Ficks law
dx A J cDAB dz * A
c - total conc. of A and B (kgmol A+B/ m3) xA - mole fraction of A DAB- molecular diffusivity of A in B (m2/s)
If total conc., c is constant and cA=xAc, then:
J D AB * A
dc A dz
Example 6.1.1(pg 413):Molecular Diffusion of Helium in Nitrogen
A mixture of He and N2 gas is contained in a pipe at 298 K and 1 atm total pressure which is constant throughout. At one end of the pipe at point 1 the partial pressure pA1 of He is 0.60 atm and at the other end 0.2 m (20 cm) pA2 = 0.20 atm. Calculate the flux of He at steady state if DAB of the He-N2 mixture is 0.687 x 10-4 m2/s (0.687 cm2/s).
Integrate the equation:
D AB (c A1 c A 2 ) J z 2 z1 * A
From ideal gas law, pAV = nART, and
p A1 nA c A1 RT V DAB ( p A1 p A 2 ) J RT ( z 2 z1 ) * A
Convective Mass Transfer
When a fluid flowing outside a solid surface in forced convection motion, rate of convective mass transfer is given by:
N A k c (c L1 c Li ) kc - mass transfer coefficient (m/s) cL1 bulk fluid conc. cLi - conc of fluid near the solid surface kc depends onSystem geometry, Fluid properties & Flow velocity
