Pump Design
Pump Design
Pump Design
Process Industries
for
Ranjeet Kumar
M.Tech - Chemical
Equation of Energy
A pump converts Electrical energy to Pressure Energy via Kinetic Energy. Electric energy Impeller K.E. Rotating Part Volute K.E Static Part Pressure Energy
08-Jun-08
Ranjeet Kumar
Types of Pumps
Centrifugal - Impeller & Volute Reciprocating - Piston / Plunger Rotary - Screw, Gear, Lobe, Progressive Cavity,
Sliding Vane
Vertical Peristaltic -
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Ranjeet Kumar
>>>Capacity & Head required are most important selection criteria and define size of the pump. 08-Jun-08 Ranjeet Kumar
Capacity
Volume of liquid to be pumped in unit time May vary as per Max, Min & Normal requirement design should be for Max capacity. Its function of Impeller size and rotational speed for Centrifugal pump Q=V*A : V=*r
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Ranjeet Kumar
Leakages from pump casing, very high noise & vibration levels.
Benefits of Centrifugal Pumps low cost, easy maintenance, wide selection, & simple design.
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Head of Pump
Total Head = P discharge P suction Normal head test by vendor was done for water at 20C. Advantages of using Head--
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Ranjeet Kumar
Specific Gravity
1) Increases Power consumed directly. 2) Max suction lift inversely.
Viscosity Pump efficiency decrease directly so Power required directly Open or semi open impeller are better for highly viscose liquid. Volatile liquid at boiling points require high NPSH. Abrasive property of liquid or solid entrainment causes erosion and need specific MOC. Corrosive liquid require specific MOC.
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Solid content
Centrifugal pump operation is most difficult when liquid handled contains solid particles. Special attention required for selecting a centrifugal pump
Open Impeller for solids > 2% Large cross section in Impeller & Volute Min No. of Vanes Inspection holes in tha casing & suction passage Abrasion resistant MOC Smooth corners & edges in lines Stuffing boxes sealed with clear fluid
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a) b) c) d) e) f) g)
Temperature of liquid Direct Impact on physical properties of liquid & Vapor Pressure and MOC.
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Site Conditions
Altitude P atm decreases with altitude & P atm has direct effect on NPSHa Gas Dust Hazard if the surrounding atmosphere is hazardous/inflammable Flame proof & Dust proof MOC of Motor. Stand by unit for vital application.
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Selection of Pump
Type
Centrifugal Rotary
Capacity
Upto 7500 m3/h
% Gas
< 2% > 2% > 2%
Positive < 300 m3/h 10500 Displacement m Peristaltic Upto 1 m3/h < 25 m
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Service
Continuous process pumps Reflux pumps Intermittent pumps Transfer pumps Large cooling water pump Recirculation pump Boiler Feed water pump Waste Heat Boiler pump
Margin
10% 20-25% 0% 0-5% 3-5% 0% 25% 30%
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PFD indicates normal flow rate without any margin & the Maximum flow is Considered for sizing of the pump with margin 08-Jun-08 Ranjeet Kumar
Under development.
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Static Head
Pump centre line as datum for Hydraulic calculation
Flow Rate (m3/h) 0 100 100 200 Above 200
Pump centre Line from ground (estimated) Pump centre line above ground 0.7 0.9 1.0
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NPSH
NPSHA = Suction Pressure Vapor Pressure NPSHA should be 2 3 ft more than NPSHR. It is the pressure enough to prevent formation of vapor bubbles due to vaporization or release of dissolved gases in the Impeller. Pressure increases along the impeller on collapse of vapors Cavitation. Cavitation Noise, Vibration, Drop in performance curve, high wear & tear loss.
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NPSHA optimization
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)
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NPSHR
Rotary
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Efficiency
Efficiency = WHP/BHP
Overall efficiency reflects hydraulic, leakage & mechanical losses of pump.
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