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    Lesson 8b Introduction To UBD

    Uploaded by

    bon1ng
    1) Underbalanced drilling uses gases like nitrogen to create a pressure balance below the formation pressure to prevent fluid influx from the reservoir while drilling. 2) Key equipment for underbalanced drilling includes nitrogen pumps, rotating blowout preventers, closed-loop circulation systems, and specialized choke manifolds. 3) Underbalanced drilling provides benefits like reduced formation damage, improved production evaluation, elimination of lost circulation and differential sticking issues, and faster drilling rates.

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    Lesson 8b Introduction To UBD

    Uploaded by

    bon1ng
    109 views57 pages
    1) Underbalanced drilling uses gases like nitrogen to create a pressure balance below the formation pressure to prevent fluid influx from the reservoir while drilling. 2) Key equipment for underbalanced drilling includes nitrogen pumps, rotating blowout preventers, closed-loop circulation systems, and specialized choke manifolds. 3) Underbalanced drilling provides benefits like reduced formation damage, improved production evaluation, elimination of lost circulation and differential sticking issues, and faster drilling rates.

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    Introduction to UBD

    Original Title

    Lesson 8b Introduction to UBD

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    1) Underbalanced drilling uses gases like nitrogen to create a pressure balance below the formation pressure to prevent fluid influx from the reservoir while drilling. 2) Key equipment for underbalanced drilling includes nitrogen pumps, rotating blowout preventers, closed-loop circulation systems, and specialized choke manifolds. 3) Underbalanced drilling provides benefits like reduced formation damage, improved production evaluation, elimination of lost circulation and differential sticking issues, and faster drilling rates.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    109 views57 pages

    Lesson 8b Introduction To UBD

    Uploaded by

    bon1ng
    1) Underbalanced drilling uses gases like nitrogen to create a pressure balance below the formation pressure to prevent fluid influx from the reservoir while drilling. 2) Key equipment for underbalanced drilling includes nitrogen pumps, rotating blowout preventers, closed-loop circulation systems, and specialized choke manifolds. 3) Underbalanced drilling provides benefits like reduced formation damage, improved production evaluation, elimination of lost circulation and differential sticking issues, and faster drilling rates.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 57

    Introduction to Underbalanced Drilling Technology

    (M2)

    Wellsite UBD Equipment

    Nitrogen

    UB operators

    Geology

    Separator Rotating Head Camp

    Mud Treatment

    UB DRILLING - JOBS

    1997 Underbalanced Drilling Jobs Geographic Distribution


    Canada

    M iddle East US Far East Europe South America

    1998 Spears & Assoc.

    UBD - Types
    Normally Pressured Reservoirs
    Applications for normal to above normal pressured reservoirs utilizing fluid systems in a controlled flow (mudcap) drilling technique. Depleted Reservoirs Where a multi-phase circulating fluid is necessary to achieve required Bottom Hole Circulating Pressure (BHCP) underbalanced or with minimal overbalance.

    Barriers to UB Drilling

    REGULATORY BARRIERS to UnderBalance Drilling


    The

    regulators need assurance and details

    BARRIERS TO UB D&C
    Regulatory
    Lack

    of Standards Lack of knowledge Little statistical history Concern about well control Environmental questions

    OPERATORS BARRIERS
    The

    Operator needs experience and confidence.

    OPERATORS PROBLEMS
    Unfamiliar
    risk

    with the system

    of the new

    Lack

    of experienced people Economics - Too expensive Concern- liability Concern- well bore stability

    REASONS FOR UB GROWTH


    There

    are driving economic reasons

    REASONS FOR UB GROWTH


    Depleted

    reservoirs Awareness of skin damage Limits of lost circulation matl. Cost of differential sticking

    REASONS FOR UB GROWTH


    Service

    co. competition Trade journal publications Horizontal drilling Consultants available

    TECHNICAL IMPROVEMENTS
    We

    were not ready to put all of this together until the 1990s

    TECHNICAL IMPROVEMENTS
    Compressor

    Evolution Hammer drills Nitrogen


    Increased

    availability Reduced cost On site generation

    TECHNICAL IMPROVEMENTS
    Recyclable

    foam systems Better gas separators Closed loop circulation Hydraulics models Improved rotating heads Wire line wet connect

    TECHNICAL IMPROVEMENTS
    Improved

    MWD Rig assist snubbing units Coiled tubing equipment Non-damaging drilling fluids Top drive

    WORKING ON
    Well

    Control Concepts Deployment valves Casing Drilling Expandable casing Expandable sand screens Retractable bit

    COMPLETION TECHNIQUES
    Improved

    gravel packing fluids Improved completion fluids General technique improvement

    Reasons for UB drilling


    Lost

    circulation

    Reasons for UB drilling


    Lost

    circulation Faster Drilling

    Reasons for UB drilling


    Lost

    circulation Faster Drilling No Differential Sticking

    Reasons for UB drilling


    ...
    Reduce

    Reservoir Damage

    Reasons for UB drilling


    ...
    Reduce

    Reservoir Damage Improve Prod. Evaluation

    Effect of Skin on Production Rates


    BOPD
    1,000 800

    600
    400

    200
    0 -3 -2 -1 0 5 10 15

    SKIN

    Physical Limitation to UBD

    Borehole Instability
    Unconsolidated Sands Weak Formations Geopressured Shales Salt Beds Inadequate Casing
    UBD is another tool in the toolbox, not a Panacea.

    Production Limits to UBD


    Permeability

    is so low the zone needs to be fraced. Zones must be isolated

    Types of Flow Regimes

    LIQUID

    AERATED LIQUID

    FOAM

    MIST

    GAS

    Fluid Phase Continuity


    AIR/GAS

    WATER

    FOAM (0-97% AIR)

    MIST (97-100% AIR)

    Generalized Fluid Systems

    CONTROL EQUIPMENT

    Equipment - Rotating Head

    Shaffer Rotating Blow-Out Preventor 2,500 psi rotating - 5,000 psi static

    Closed Loop Circulation System


    FLARESTACK SEPARATOR SAMPLE CATCHERS OIL TANKS TOP DRIVE SYSTEM R-BOP WATER TANKS RIG MUD TANKS RIG PUMPS RETURN CUTTING

    NITROGEN PUMPERS

    CHOKE MANIFOLD

    N2 / FLUID MIX

    Choke Manifold

    Equipment - Lots More


    To shale shaker ESD Manifold Sample catchers Willis choke Flare Rig Manifold Choke HCR Separator 200 psi vessel Oil storage/transport

    Water returned to tanks


    Choke Flare pit

    AIR DRILLING A brief summary

    Air Drilling
    Air/Gas drilling (dust) is a technique used in

    areas where the formations are Dry i.e., there is no influx of water or liquid hydrocarbons. gas volumes to clean the well with average velocities of over 3,000 ft per minute.

    This medium requires significant compressed

    Air Drilling Dusting

    Air Drilling Benefits


    Increased Rate of Penetration Reduced Formation Damage Improves Bit Performance Lost Circulation Control Continuous Drill Stem Test

    Air/Dust Drilling Layout

    Air Drilling Waited upon Large Portable Compression

    Simple and convenient to drill with air inexpensively and anywhere.

    Misting
    Addition

    of 6 to 30 bbl/hr of fluid to the air stream. Clean and lubricates the bit Carries the cuttings to the surface as a mist or more normally in a modified two phase flow.

    FOAM DRILLING Basic Comments

    TT96-86

    42

    Foam Drilling
    The most versatile of the gas-generated
    systems.

    Effective operating range from 0.2 to 0.6 s.g. Mixture of gas phase and foaming solution. Foam flow varies with depth in the hole. Adjustable effective BHP. Enhanced lifting and well bore cleaning. A displacing medium, not a propelling medium.

    Foam (Heading)

    Improved Hole Cleaning

    Foam Drilling Benefits



    Faster Penetration rate Low Air requirements Low fluid requirements Low Hydrostatic head No damage to formation Continuous Drill Stem test Best for large holes

    Mist or Foam Drilling Layout

    GASEATED OR AERATED DRILLING

    Mist Water Gas Transition Gaseated

    Aerated Fluid
    Gasification of Primary Drilling Fluid. Initially designed as a technique to lighten

    mud to reduce lost circulation. Methods Standpipe injection Jet Sub Parasite String Dual Casing String As an UB fluid, it is easiest to control in small holes.

    Parasite String
    Small injection string run simultaneously with intermediate casing. Injected gas does not affect bit hydraulics. Injected gas does not effect MWD

    Jet Sub
    Similar to Parasite String Gas induced thru drill pipe Selective jet sizing dictates

    amount of air to be injected

    Jets are Similar to Bit Jets

    Parallel Casing String (Teichrob)


    N2 /air N2 /water N2 /air/water/oil
    150 m TVD, 150 m MD

    89-mm (3-1/2 in.) Drill Pipe 244.5-mm (9-5/8 in.) Intermidiate Casing
    o

    177.8-mm (7 in.) Tie Back Liner 724 m MD at 64o inclination 12 m Slotted Joint 159-mm (6-1/4 in.) Hole Diameter

    892 m MD at 90 o Inclination 694 m TVD

    Foam Cement
    o

    TD = 1,440 m MD at 90 o Inclination, 696 m TVD

    Aerated Fluid Layout

    Aerated Drilling Problems


    Compressor/N2 Cost
    Rotating BOPs Solid/Liquid/Gas Separation

    Corrosion Hydraulic Calculations Vibration Cuttings Lifting Fluid Influx Fire/ Explosions Underbalanced Completion

    High Torque/ Drag Borehole Stability

    MWD Transmission

    END OF INTRODUCTION

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