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  • Intracellular Accumulation

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    Elena Poriazova
    76 views38 pages
    This document discusses various causes and types of cell injury. It describes genetic and acquired causes such as hypoxia, physical/chemical/microbial agents, and nutritional/immunological factors. Cell injury can be reversible or irreversible depending on factors like persistence of ischemia. Irreversible injury involves mitochondrial/membrane damage and lysosomal rupture. Free radicals like superoxide and hydroxyl radicals can cause lipid/protein/DNA oxidation and damage. Antioxidants help inactivate free radicals. The morphology of reversible cell injury includes cellular swelling, hyaline change, fatty change, and mucoid change. Cellular swelling is the most common, earliest form seen as swollen cells with small vacuoles.

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    This document discusses various causes and types of cell injury. It describes genetic and acquired causes such as hypoxia, physical/chemical/microbial agents, and nutritional/immunological factors. Cell injury can be reversible or irreversible depending on factors like persistence of ischemia. Irreversible injury involves mitochondrial/membrane damage and lysosomal rupture. Free radicals like superoxide and hydroxyl radicals can cause lipid/protein/DNA oxidation and damage. Antioxidants help inactivate free radicals. The morphology of reversible cell injury includes cellular swelling, hyaline change, fatty change, and mucoid change. Cellular swelling is the most common, earliest form seen as swollen cells with small vacuoles.

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    76 views38 pages

    Intracellular Accumulation

    Uploaded by

    Elena Poriazova
    This document discusses various causes and types of cell injury. It describes genetic and acquired causes such as hypoxia, physical/chemical/microbial agents, and nutritional/immunological factors. Cell injury can be reversible or irreversible depending on factors like persistence of ischemia. Irreversible injury involves mitochondrial/membrane damage and lysosomal rupture. Free radicals like superoxide and hydroxyl radicals can cause lipid/protein/DNA oxidation and damage. Antioxidants help inactivate free radicals. The morphology of reversible cell injury includes cellular swelling, hyaline change, fatty change, and mucoid change. Cellular swelling is the most common, earliest form seen as swollen cells with small vacuoles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 38

    Cell Injury

    GENETIC CAUSES

    ACQUIRED CAUSES
    Acquired causes
    Hypoxia and Ischemia
    Physical Agents
    Chemical Agents
    Microbial Agents
    Immunological Agents
    Nutritional
    Psychological
    Pathogenesis of Cell Injury
    Agent Type, Duration
    Severity


    Target Cell Type,
    Adaptability

    Types of Cell Injury
    Reversible
    Less ATP production

    Reduced pH

    Damage to Na pump and Plasma
    membrane.
    Irreversible
    Persistence of Ischemia/Hypoxia


    Point of No Return









    Mitochondrial Damage
    Disturbed Cell membrane



    Lysosomal Rupture

    Free Radicals

    Superoxide (O2)

    Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)

    Hydroxyl Radical (OH)
    Hydroxil radical Most reactive

    Produces membrane damage by,

    LIPID Peroxidation
    PROTEIN Oxidation
    DNA Damage
    Cytoskeletal damage

    Anti-Oxidants
    Inactivates Free Radicals
    Ex:
    Vitamine: A, C, E
    Cysteine, Glutathione
    Ceruloplasmin & Transferrin

    Enzymes: Superoxide dismutase, Catalase,
    Glutathione peroxidase.
    A C E
    Morphology of
    Cell Injury

    Morphology of Reversible
    cell Injury

    Degeneration

    Retrogressive change

    Reversible cell injury
    Cellular swelling

    Hyaline change

    Fatty change

    Mucoid change

    CELLULAR SWEELING
    Commonest and Earliest form
    of Cell injury

    Cloudy change
    Hydropic change
    Vacuolar degenration

    Causes of Cellular swelling
    Bacterial toxin, chemicals, poisons,
    burns, High fever



    Impaired regulation of cellular
    volume



    Gross: Kidney, Liver, Heart
    muscles enlarged
    M/E: Swollen cells
    Small clear vaculoes
    Hyaline change
    Hyaline Glass like

    Homogenous , pink material

    Intracellular
    1. Droplets in PCT
    2. Zenkers degeneration
    3. Mallorys hyaline liver cells alcohol
    4. Russel bodies Plasma cells

    Extracellular Hyaline
    1. Old scar
    2. Arteriosclerosis
    3. Leiomyomas of uterus


    Mucoid change
    Mucin , a glycoprotein
    Normaly produced by mucous membrane
    An Mucus glands

    Epithelial mucin = PAS + ve
    Connective tissue mucin = PAS ve
    With Alcian blue : both + ve
    Epithelial mucin :
    1. Catarrhal inlfammation of mucous
    membrane
    2. Mucocele
    3. Mucin secreting tumours of ovary,
    stomach

    Connective tissue mucin
    1. Myxoid degeneration of tumours
    2. Dissecting aneurysm of aorta in marfans
    3. Myxoid change in ganglion of wrist
    Fatty change



    Fatty change Steatosis

    LIVER most coommon site.

    Alcohol most common etiology
    Causes of Fatty change
    ALCOHOL
    Malnutrition
    Obesity
    DM
    Liver toxins CCl4

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