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    Suprarenal Gland

    Uploaded by

    Kay Bristol
    The suprarenal glands, also known as adrenal glands, are paired endocrine glands located on the kidneys that produce corticosteroids, androgens, and adrenaline. Each gland has an outer cortex and inner medulla. The cortex contains three zones that produce different hormones: the zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, the zona fasciculata produces glucocorticoids, and the zona reticularis produces sex hormones. The medulla produces catecholamines including adrenaline and noradrenaline. The document also describes the locations, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, development, and microscopic structure of the right and left suprarenal

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Suprarenal Gland

    Uploaded by

    Kay Bristol
    79 views19 pages
    The suprarenal glands, also known as adrenal glands, are paired endocrine glands located on the kidneys that produce corticosteroids, androgens, and adrenaline. Each gland has an outer cortex and inner medulla. The cortex contains three zones that produce different hormones: the zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, the zona fasciculata produces glucocorticoids, and the zona reticularis produces sex hormones. The medulla produces catecholamines including adrenaline and noradrenaline. The document also describes the locations, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, development, and microscopic structure of the right and left suprarenal

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    anatomy

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    The suprarenal glands, also known as adrenal glands, are paired endocrine glands located on the kidneys that produce corticosteroids, androgens, and adrenaline. Each gland has an outer cortex and inner medulla. The cortex contains three zones that produce different hormones: the zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, the zona fasciculata produces glucocorticoids, and the zona reticularis produces sex hormones. The medulla produces catecholamines including adrenaline and noradrenaline. The document also describes the locations, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, development, and microscopic structure of the right and left suprarenal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    79 views19 pages

    Suprarenal Gland

    Uploaded by

    Kay Bristol
    The suprarenal glands, also known as adrenal glands, are paired endocrine glands located on the kidneys that produce corticosteroids, androgens, and adrenaline. Each gland has an outer cortex and inner medulla. The cortex contains three zones that produce different hormones: the zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, the zona fasciculata produces glucocorticoids, and the zona reticularis produces sex hormones. The medulla produces catecholamines including adrenaline and noradrenaline. The document also describes the locations, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, development, and microscopic structure of the right and left suprarenal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Suprarenal gland

    Right
    suprarenal
    gland
    Right
    kidney

    Inferior
    vena cava

    Left
    suprarenal
    gland

    Abdominal
    aorta

    Suprarenal gland
    Pair of endocrine glands situated on the posterior
    abdominal wall on the upper pole of kidney
    Right suprarenal gland:
    Pyramidal in shape
    Has a base and apex
    Has medial and lateral borders
    Has anterior and posterior surfaces
    Presents hilum on its anterior surface

    Relations:
    Anterior surface right lobe of liver,
    inferior vena cava
    Posterior surface right kidney and
    diaphragm
    Medial border right celiac ganglion,
    right inferior phrenic artery

    Left suprarenal gland

    Semi lunar in shape


    Has upper and lower ends
    Has anterior and posterior surfaces
    Has medial and lateral borders
    Presents hilum on its anterior surface

    Relations:
    Anterior surface stomach, lesser sac
    pancreas, splenic artery
    Posterior surface left kidney and
    diaphragm
    Medial border left celiac ganglion, left
    inferior phrenic artery, left gastric artery

    Arterial supply: 3 arteries


    Superior suprarenal artery inferior
    phrenic artery
    Middle suprarenal artery abdominal
    aorta
    Inferior suprarenal artery renal artery
    Venous drainage: 1 vein suprarenal
    vein
    Right suprarenal vein inferior vena cava
    Left suprarenal vein left renal vein

    Lymphatic drainage:
    Lateral (para) aortic lymph nodes
    Nerve supply:
    Preganglionic sympathetic nerves
    Development:
    Cortex celomic epithelium (mesoderm)
    Medulla neural crest (ectoderm)

    Microscopic structure

    Microscopic structure

    Has connective tissue covering called capsule


    Is divided into 2 regions cortex and medulla
    Cortex:
    Is the outer region and forms the major part of the
    gland
    Has 3 cellular zones
    Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona
    reticularis
    Zona glomerulosa:
    Outer most part of the cortex (forms 15% of volume of
    the gland)
    Contains columnar or pyramidal cells in rounded
    groups or curved columns which are surrounded by
    blood capillaries
    The cells produce mineralocorticoids eg aldosterone

    Zona fasciculata:
    Is thickest region of the cortex (65% of volume of
    gland)
    Contains large polyhedral cells (spongyocytes)
    arranged in straight columns or cords
    Each column is two cells wide with parallely
    running blood capillaries
    Cells produce glucocorticoids eg cortisole
    Zona reticularis:
    Innermost part of the cortex (forms 5% of volume
    of gland)
    Contains branching, interconnected columns of
    cells (round shaped)
    Cells produce sex hormones eg progesterone,
    oestrogens and androgens

    Medulla:
    Is the innermost region
    Contains groups or
    cords of polyhedral cells
    called chromaffin cells
    These are separated by
    blood capillaries
    Chromaffin cells
    produce noradrenaline
    and adrenaline
    Medulla also contains
    single or small groups of
    neurons

    Endocrine part of pancreas


    Islet of Langerhans:
    These are rounded clusters of cells embedded within the
    exocrine pancreatic tissue
    Each islet is 100 to 200m in diameter and contains
    several hundreds of cells
    A thin capsule of reticular fibres surrounds each islet and
    separates it from the adjacent pancreatic tissue
    Islet contains lightly stained polygonal or rounded cells,
    arranged in cords separated by network of blood capillaries
    Cells of islets are of 3 types A, B and D cells
    A cells (alpha cells) usually found at the peripheral part of
    islet and produce glucagon
    B cells (beta cells) usually found at the centre of islet and
    produce insulin
    D cells (delta cells) variable in position and produce somatostatin

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