Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)

Coordinate Measuring
Machine (CMM)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinate-measuring_machine
KAMARUL ADNAN
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, students will

be able to:
Describe the principle of CMM.

State the applications of CMM.
Explain the operating methods of CMM.
Introduction
A 'coordinate measuring machine' (CMM) is

a device for measuring the physical
geometrical characteristics of an object.
This machine may be manually controlled
by an operator or it may be computer
controlled.
Introduction (Contd)
CMM
CMM
Measurements are defined by a probe

attached to the third moving axis of this
machine.
This probe touches the part of interest and
allows collecting discrete points on the
object's surface.
Probe
Methods of probing
The typical CMM is composed of three axes,

an X, Y and Z.
These axes are orthogonal to each other in
a typical three dimensional coordinate
system.
Each axis has a very accurate scale system
that indicates the location of that axis.
All three axes are displayed on a digital
readout.
Reverse
Engineering
Propeller model being
probed so that a 3D
CAD drawing of the
surfaces could be
obtained.
Quality Control
CMM used to verify
dimensions of
machined features
A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is

also a device used in manufacturing and
assembly processes to test a part or
assembly against the design intent.
By precisely recording the X, Y, and Z
coordinates of the target, points are
generated which can then be analyzed via
regression algorithms for the construction of
features.
These points are collected by using a probe

that is positioned manually by an operator or
automatically via Direct Computer Control
(DCC).
Parts Of CMM Machine
Coordinate-measuring machines include

three main components:
The main structure which include three
axes of motion
Probing system
Data collection and Reduction system typically includes a machine controller,
desktop computer and application
software.
Parts (Contd)
Moving Bridge Coordinate

Measuring Machine
Fixed Bridge Coordinate

Measuring Machine
Parts (Contd)
Fixed Table Cantilever

Coordinate Measuring
Machine
Column Coordinate
Measuring Machine
Parts (Contd)
Probing System
Uses/Applications
They are often used for:

Dimensional measurement
Profile measurement
Angularity or orientation measurement
Depth mapping
Digitizing or imaging
Shaft measurement
Features
They are offered with features like:

Crash protection
Offline programming
Reverse engineering
Shop floor suitability
SPC software and temperature
compensation.
CAD Model import capability
Operation of CMM
On contact, the coordinate position are

recorded by the CMM controller, adjusting
for over travel and probe size.
Positioning of the probe relative to the part
can be accomplished either manually or
under computer control.
Methods of operating a CMM are classified
as i) manual control, ii) manual
computer-assisted, iii) motorized
computer-assisted, and iv) direct
computer control.
Method of OperatingManual Control
In manual control, a human operator physically

moves the probe along the axes to contact the
part and record the measurement.
The probe is free-floating for easy movement.
Measurement are indicated by digital read-out,
and the operator can record the measurement
manually or automatically.
Any trigonometric calculation must be made by
operator.
Method of OperatingManual Computer-Assisted

The
manual computer-assisted CMM is

capable of computer data processing to
perform trigonometric calculations.
Types of computations include determining
hole-centre locations.
The probe is still free floating to permit the
operator to bring it into contact with part
surfaces.
Method of OperatingMotorized Computer-assisted

Motorized
computer-assisted CMMs power

drive the probe along the machine axes
under operator guidance.
A joystick or similar device is used to control
the motion.
Low power stepping motors and friction
clutches are used to reduced the effects of
collisions between probe and part.
Method of OperatingDirect Computer Control
Direct computer-control CMM operation like

a CNC machine tool.
It is computerized inspection machine that
operates under program control.
The computer also records measurements
made during inspection and performs
various calculations associated with certain
measurement (for example, computing the
centre of a hole from three or more points
on the hole surface).
Basic Geometric Elements

Circle:
Requires 3 points for
measurement: By measuring 4
(up to 50) or more points form
deviation is determined
Plane:
Planar measurements require
4 or more points for form. The
intersection of Planes 2 and 3
generate Line 5; Point 6 is the
intersection of Plane 4 and
Line 5

Cylinder:
To define a cylinder, 5 points
are necessary. Calculations
provide its axis and diameter.
The intersection of the
Cylinder 7 and Plane 4 is Line
8.
Cone:
The cone (or taper) requires at
least 6 points for definition.
Calculations determine the
cones included angle and its
axis in space.

Sphere:
The location of a sphere is
found by measuring 4 points
is also calculated.
CMM Measurements and

Advantages
The basic capability of a CMM is determination of

coordinate values where its probe contacts the
surface of a part.
Computer control permits the CMM to accomplish
more sophisticated measurements and inspections,
such as:
a) determining center location of hole or cylinder
b) definition of a plane
c) measurement of flatness of a surface or
parallelism between two surfaces, and
d) measurement of a angle between two planes.

Advantages
Advantages of using coordinates measuring

machines over manual inspection methods
include:
1) Higher productivity-a CMM can perform complex

inspection procedures in much less time than traditional
manual methods.
2) Greater inherent accuracy and precision than
conventional methods.
3) Reduced human error through automation of the
inspection procedure and associated computations.
A CMM is a general purpose machine that can be

used to inspect a variety of part configuration.

Advantages
A
CMM is a general purpose machine that

can be used to inspect a variety of part
configuration.
Conclusion
With the prices of desktop computer dropping

drastically in the last few years, small
manufacturing firms can afford to own a CMM with
a computer interface.
CMMs are slowly working their way into
automation.
With the major emphasis being on closed loop
process control, CMMs provide the ability to make
precise measurements, using the sophisticated
hardware, and convert this information using
integrated software, into data that is meaningful to
the entire automated system.

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What are the main components of a CMM machine?

What are the main components of a CMM machine?

What are some common uses of CMM machines?

What are some common uses of CMM machines?

Coordinate Measuring

At the end of this lesson, students will

Describe the principle of CMM.

A 'coordinate measuring machine' (CMM) is

Measurements are defined by a probe

The typical CMM is composed of three axes,

A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is

These points are collected by using a probe

Parts Of CMM Machine

Coordinate-measuring machines include

Moving Bridge Coordinate

Fixed Bridge Coordinate

Fixed Table Cantilever

They are often used for:

They are offered with features like:

On contact, the coordinate position are

Method of OperatingManual Control

In manual control, a human operator physically

Method of OperatingManual Computer-Assisted

manual computer-assisted CMM is

Method of OperatingMotorized Computer-assisted

computer-assisted CMMs power

Method of OperatingDirect Computer Control

Direct computer-control CMM operation like

Basic Geometric Elements

Basic Geometric Elements

Basic Geometric Elements

CMM Measurements and

The basic capability of a CMM is determination of

CMM Measurements and

Advantages of using coordinates measuring

1) Higher productivity-a CMM can perform complex

A CMM is a general purpose machine that can be

CMM Measurements and

CMM is a general purpose machine that

With the prices of desktop computer dropping

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