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LP Bypass System

The LP bypass system provides effective control of reheat steam flow during startup, low load/part load operation, and sudden load rejection to enhance turbine protection and performance. It operates in parallel with the turbine to protect the condenser from excessive temperature and pressure. The LP bypass controller regulates reheater pressure to a fixed or variable setpoint using a combination of electrical and hydraulic controls. Upon load rejection, the turbine speed controller closes the control valves, increasing steam pressure. The LP bypass valves then open to safely route excess steam out of the system.

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Ton Phichit
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361 views

LP Bypass System

The LP bypass system provides effective control of reheat steam flow during startup, low load/part load operation, and sudden load rejection to enhance turbine protection and performance. It operates in parallel with the turbine to protect the condenser from excessive temperature and pressure. The LP bypass controller regulates reheater pressure to a fixed or variable setpoint using a combination of electrical and hydraulic controls. Upon load rejection, the turbine speed controller closes the control valves, increasing steam pressure. The LP bypass valves then open to safely route excess steam out of the system.

Uploaded by

Ton Phichit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design Criteria for

LP BYPASS SYSTEM

LP Bypass system provide a very


effective means of controlling reheat
steam flow during

Startup
Low-load / part load operation
Sudden load rejection

It enhances fast starting


capability of turbines from
all initial conditions e.g.
Cold condition
Warm condition
Hot Condition

LP steam-bypass system operate in


parallel with the turbine

Protect Condenser from excessive


temperature and pressure that
could result from sudden injection of
superheated steam

Ensure coordinated control between HP


and IP turbine control valves and the
steam bypass systems to operate at any
remaining load
Subsequently reloaded in a controlled
manner

Schematic Diagram of Bypass System

The controls for LP Bypass system


are combination of electrical and
well proven hydraulic system
Electro-hydraulic converter
provides the necessary link
between hydraulic actuator and
electrical system

The LPBypass Controller acts as a


maximum pressure Controller
It regulates the reheater pressure
either to the fixed set value or
suitably derived variable set value
If the reheater pressure exceeds
this set value, the Controller
causes the electro-hydraulic
converter to operate and initiate
bypass operation

Set Value formation


The Two set values fixed and variable
are formed for the LPBypass control
system
set value to be used is determined by a
maximum value selector
For the formation of variable set point,
a pressure transducer is used to
measure the steam pressure in HP
turbine

SEQUENCE OF EVENTS RESULTING


FROM LOAD REJECTION
Upon receiving load rejection signal from
electrical system:
Turbine Speed Controller assumes control
of the TG set
It initiates fast closure of HP & IP turbine
control valves through position controller
Fast closure of turbine control valves
cause an immediate decrease in HP 1st.
Stage pressure

SEQUENCE OF EVENTS RESULTING


FROM LOAD REJECTION
Pressure increases in main and
reheat steam systems
These pressure changes are sensed
by HP and LP Bypass controllers
Respective bypass valves are
opened

If LP steam- bypass system


fails or the condenser cannot
accept LP bypass steam ,
Safety Valves open and dump
steam to atmosphere

Hydraulic Mode of Operation

The controller controls plunger coil of Electro


Hydraulic Converter
With increase in voltage, the jet pipe is deflected
towards right
Converter piston moves downwards leading to
generation of LPB signal oil through Follow-up
pistons provided in the hydraulic control system

Hydraulic Mode of Operation

Two Follow-up Pistons actuate and open first stage


of water injection valve
Remaining two Follow-up Pistons generate signal
oil for opening LPBypass stop and control valve

ADJUSTMENT
OF
LPBYPASS
CONVERTER

Design of LPBypass Valves for 210


MW Steam Turbine

Controlled by
8 bar mineral
oil

Design of LPBypass Valve for 500 MW


Steam Turbine

Controlled by
36 bar FRF

Protection Devices

Low Vacuum Condensor Protection


Spray Water Pressure Switch
Condensor Temperature Protection

Protection Devices cause closure of


bypass station in case of following
eventualities
a) Condensor vacuum is low ( > 0.6 bar
absolute )
b) Spray water pressure is low (< 8.5 /
9.5 bar )
c) Temperature of condenser body is high
(> 90 C )

Water Injection Valves operate in


two stages

Second stage Water Injection Valves open


when steam flow through LPBypass Valves
increases more than 45 %

CURVE FOR LPBYPASS CONTROLLER

Damping device

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