HVAC Training

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HVAC FUNDAMENTALS
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HVAC Presentation
SYNERGY E L V Division
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What is a HVAC system ?

HVAC is an acronym for Heating, Ventilation and Air
Conditioning.
HVAC is a historical term that is commonly known today as
air conditioning.
A HVAC system maintains and controls the conditions of
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sans environment.
the
inside
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italic
Asiemens
HVAC
system
delivers comfort, health and well being in the
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workplace
or home,or controls conditions for
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manufacturing
and industrial processes.
A HVAC system comprises air conditioning plant, air and water

reticulation, and controls.
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HVAC Presentation
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What affects a HVAC system design ?

HVAC systems are designed to overcome the outside environment
and building design.
HVAC systems are designed to maintain comfort conditions for
the building occupants.
HVAC systems are designed to maintain stringent conditions for
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industrial
processes.
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HVAC
systems are designed to meet energy costs and reliability
from an owners point of view.
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What are the main processes carried out by a

HVAC system ?
Ventilation - the process of exchanging air between the
outdoors and the conditioned space.
Air movement - the process of circulating and mixing air
through conditioned spaces.
Cleaning - the process of removing particles and biological
contaminants in the air.
Heating
- the process of adding thermal energy (heat) to the air
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in
the conditioned
space.
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Cooling
- the
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italic process of removing thermal energy (heat) from
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the bold
conditioned space.
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Humidifying
siemens sans black- the process of adding water vapor (moisture) to
the
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Dehumidifying - the process of removing water vapor
(moisture) from the air.
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HVAC Presentation
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Refrigeration Process
Refrigeration is the process of removing heat at a low

temperature level & rejecting it at a relatively higher
temperature level.
Refrigerant is nothing but heat carrier i.e. heat carrying

medium.
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Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

High Pressure/
High Temp
Hot Gas Line
Compressor
Cold Gas
Line
Low Pressure/
Low Temp
Condenser
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Evaporator
Heat
Absorbed
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High Pressure/
Low Temp

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Cold Liquid Line
Expansion
Device
Heat
Rejected
Cold Liquid Line

Low Pressure/
Low Temp
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Types of Systems
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Direct Expansion (DX System).
1. Window Airconditioner
2. Split Units.
3. Packaged Unit.
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Chilled Water System (DW System)

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HVAC Presentation
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Unitary Air Conditioning Units. (Package

Units.DX System)
Unitary A/C units are self contained with
fan, refrigeration compressor, condenser,
etc.
Individual room units are designed to fit
inwindows or a wall mounted consoles.
Split systems are where the fan and coil
are mounted inside and the condensing
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unit Siemens
is mounted
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Vertical
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contained
air conditioners are
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italic
mounted
external
and
air is ducted to the
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bold
room.
Outside air
Room air
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Roof top units are weatherproof units and

the air is ducted to the space below.
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Window Unit.
1. Outside air
4. Return air
6. Evaporator
9. Exp. valve
12.Grille
14. Casing
HVAC Presentation
2. Exhaust air 3. Supply

5.Outside & room fans
7.Compressor 8. Condens
10.Refrig. Pipe 11. Air filter
13.Condensate collector
15. Window
15. Room
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Unitary AC Units. (Split systems. DX System)

As the name implies, the air conditioner is
split into two parts, refrigeration and
ventilating parts.
The refrigeration part consists of a
compressor and an air cooled condenser.
The ventilating part consists of a fan and
an evaporator to cool or heat the air.
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Thesiemens
condensing
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unit is mounted outside
which
assists
heat dissipation
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italic
and siemens
reducessans
noise
in bold
the room.
italic
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The fan coil unit can be mounted in the

room or in a remote position with duct to
the room.
Split System.
1. Outside air
2. Exhaust air 3. Supply
air 4. Return air 5. Room 6. Evaporator
7.Compressor
8. Condenser 9. Exp.
valve 10.Refrigerant pipe 11. Condensing
unit. 12.Fan coil unit. 13.Ventilation grid
14. Filter
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DX System
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In-Direct System
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Sample Screens - Water Cooled Chiller
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Sample Screens-Air Cooled Chillers
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Sample Screens- Chillers
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Sample Screens- Cooling Tower
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Sample Screens-Basic AHU
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Sample Screens-Basic AHU
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Sample Screens-Treated Fresh Air Unit
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All - Water Systems. ( 2-pipe fan coil unit

system.)
Two water pipes are led to each fan coil unit,
cold water is pumped in summer,
hot water in winter.
Thus only cold water or hot water is available at the
fan coil units at any one time.
It is not possible to cool a room and
simultaneously heat an adjacent room on
the
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water zone.
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This
system
is bold
most successful in
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summer
anditalic
winter when the outside
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conditions
areitalic
steady
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bold and predictable.
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
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sans black
This
system
is less successful in
spring
when low ambient
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italic
temperature and solar loads require zones to
need cold water and others to need hot water.
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Hot or cold water flow.

Hot or cold water return.
Fan coil units with one coil.
Different rooms. 5. Supply air.
Boiler.
7. Chiller.
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VAVs & CAVs
CON
STAN
UNIT
T AIR
S
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L
B
IA
R
VA

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M
U
VOVLOL
U
R
ME
I
A
E
S
T
I
N
U
E
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Characteristics of VAV
Air distribution equipment
Mainly used in buildings where single AHU serves many
areas
Optimizes power consumption while maintaining
thermal comfort
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Ideally
suited
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bold for varying load patterns
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Full
cooling
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full heating take place about 20 % of the
time.
of the time systems operate at less than full
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capacity.
The VAV box adjusts the amount of air that enters the
space or room to maintain temperature
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HVAC Presentation
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Ventilation & Air-conditioning System Air only systems

Variable air Volume System
5
2
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4
3
9
Fig. 57
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Control of individual room temperature
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Types of VAVs
Shut-off type VAVs
Pressure Controller
Pressure Sensor
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Types of VAVs
VAV with volumetric flow control
Variable Frequency Drive
Pressure Controller
Pressure Sensor
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T
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Types of VAVs
By - pass type VAV

To False ceiling
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From
AHU
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To conditioned Space
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Sample Screens-Exhaust Fans
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HVAC system in a building
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THANK YOU
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10/15/09
HVAC Presentation

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......

What is a HVAC system ?

A HVAC system comprises air conditioning plant, air and water

What affects a HVAC system design ?

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siemens black italic

What are the main processes carried out by a

Refrigeration is the process of removing heat at a low

Refrigerant is nothing but heat carrier i.e. heat carrying

Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

siemens sans bold

siemens sans italic bold

siemens black italic

Cold Liquid Line

Cold Liquid Line

Direct Expansion (DX System).

siemens sans bold

siemens sans italic

Chilled Water System (DW System)

siemens sans italic bold

Unitary Air Conditioning Units. (Package

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siemens black italic

Roof top units are weatherproof units and

2. Exhaust air 3. Supply

Unitary AC Units. (Split systems. DX System)

The fan coil unit can be mounted in the

Sample Screens - Water Cooled Chiller

Sample Screens-Air Cooled Chillers

Sample Screens- Chillers

Sample Screens- Cooling Tower

Sample Screens-Basic AHU

Sample Screens-Basic AHU

Sample Screens-Treated Fresh Air Unit

All - Water Systems. ( 2-pipe fan coil unit

Hot or cold water flow.

VAVs & CAVs

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Ventilation & Air-conditioning System Air only systems

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Control of individual room temperature

By - pass type VAV

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Sample Screens-Exhaust Fans

HVAC system in a building

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