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Java 2

This document provides an introduction and overview of key concepts in the Java programming language including: a brief history of Java; how to write, compile, and run a simple "Hello World" program; data types; variables; strings; arithmetic and logical operators; conditional statements like if/else; and exceptions. The document is presented as a class lecture covering these essential Java topics.

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V Dhinakaran
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
81 views

Java 2

This document provides an introduction and overview of key concepts in the Java programming language including: a brief history of Java; how to write, compile, and run a simple "Hello World" program; data types; variables; strings; arithmetic and logical operators; conditional statements like if/else; and exceptions. The document is presented as a class lecture covering these essential Java topics.

Uploaded by

V Dhinakaran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to java

3101-003
Class 1
Fall 2003
Shlomo Hershkop
Shlomo Hershkop

Welcome

History
First Java Application
Data types
Variables
Strings
Assignments
Math, Boolean expressions
Relational operations
If statements
System.exit
Shlomo Hershkop

Very Brief History


Started in 1991 by SUN Microsystems
Targeted at consumer electronics. Wanted
reliable programming language.
Integrated into browsers
Evolved into write once run anywhere,
integrates into Netscape
General purpose libraries released
Shlomo Hershkop

Course Information
Textbook: Java in a Nutshell
Reading class 1
chapters 1,2

Shlomo Hershkop

Basic Definitions
Java is an object oriented language.

Object
Method
Class
Applications
Applets
Native classes
Threads
Exceptions
Shlomo Hershkop

First Application
/**
*Hello World, first application, only output.
*/
import java.io.*;
public class hello{
public static void main (String [] args) {
System.out.println(Hello World\n);
} //end main
}//end class
Shlomo Hershkop

How to get it running


Text in hello.java file
Why?

To compile:
javac hello.java

To run:
java hello

Shlomo Hershkop

Notice:
Java is CASE SENSITIVE!!
Whitespace is ignored by compiler
Whitespace makes things easier to read
hence it affects your grade
File name has to be the same as class name
in file.
Need to import necessary class definitions
Shlomo Hershkop

Variables
Variables:
Name
Type
Value

Naming:

May contain numbers,underscore,dollar sign, or letters


Can not start with number
Can be any length
Reserved keywords
Case sensitive
Shlomo Hershkop

Primitive data types

Byte
Short
Int
Long
Float
Double
Boolean
Char

8
16
32
64
32
64
1
16

Shlomo Hershkop

-27
-215
-231

27-1
215-1
231-1

10

Assignment
=
Example:
int n;
n = 10;
or
int n = 10; //same
Shlomo Hershkop

11

Strings
Not a primitive class, its actually something called a
wrapper class
To find a built in classs method use API documentation.
String is a group of chars
A character has single quotes
char c = h;
A String has double quotes
String s = Hello World;
Method length
int n = s.length;
Shlomo Hershkop

12

Using Strings
public class hello{
public static void main (String [] args) {
String s = Hello World\n;
System.out.println(s); //output simple string
} //end main
}//end class hello

Shlomo Hershkop

13

Math
Unary
int x = -9;

Regular math (+,-,*,/)


int y = 3+x;

% modulo operator
Shlomo Hershkop

14

Incrementing
Increment and Decrement
i++ equivalent to i = i + 1;
Can also do ++i, which uses i before
incrementing it.
Decrementing: i--;

Shlomo Hershkop

15

Casting
int n = 40;
Wrong : byte b = n;
why??
Right: byte b = (byte) n;
Type casting converts to target type
Shlomo Hershkop

16

Casting II
Type char is stored as a number. The ASCII
value of the character.
A declaration of :
char c = B;
stores the value 66 in location c
can use its value by casting to int
how??

Shlomo Hershkop

17

Assignment

+=
-=
*=
/=
%=

Shlomo Hershkop

18

Boolean Expressions
boolean b
b will be either true (1) or false (0)
Logical operations: !(not), && (and) || (or)
boolean a,b;
a = true;
b = false;
System.out.println (a && b is + (a && b));

Shlomo Hershkop

19

Relational Operators

==
!=
>
<
>=
<=

equality
inequality
greater than
less than
greater than or equal to
less than or equal to
Shlomo Hershkop

20

The if - branching statement


if ( x < y) {
x = y;
}

if ( x < y ) {
x = y;
}
else {
x = 88;
}

Shlomo Hershkop

21

If/Else
if (logic condition) {
something
}
else if (logic condition) {
something
}
else {
something else
}
Shlomo Hershkop

22

Nested IF
if ( x < 0 ) {
System.out.println( x is negative );
}
else {
if ( x > 0 ) {
System.out.println ( x is positive );
}
//end if x > 0
else {
System.out.println ( x is zero );
}
} //end else x >=0
Shlomo Hershkop

23

Switch/Case
Switch(variable){
case(1): something;
break;
case(23): something;
break;
default: something;
}
Shlomo Hershkop

24

Exceptions
Java exception object.
java.io.Exception
most general one.
Some exception like in Throwable class
define methods to get the message.

Shlomo Hershkop

25

try.catch blocks.
Try {
.
}
catch ( IOException v) {
.
}

Shlomo Hershkop

26

System.out.println
println is a method in the Printstream class.
Defined:
public void println(String x)
can be any type of string or combination string
using addition to join parts.
Example:
println(hello + world + x);
Shlomo Hershkop

27

System.exit()
One method in java.lang.System
Defined:
public static void exit ( int status)
Terminates currently running Java VM
Status is status code, non zero will usually mean
something abnormal.
Used at end to indicate success, or in middle to
signal problems.
Shlomo Hershkop

28

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