SASE Proximity Sensor - Ver 2.0

OMRON
Kinsetsu Sensa Gijutsu Shiryo
Proximity Sensor Technical Information

Ver 2.0 Jun 2007
Content
OMRON
1. What is a Proximity Sensor?

2. Types of Proximity Sensors
3. Classification of Proximity Sensors
4. Inductive Proximity Sensor
4.1 Basic principles
4.2 Features
5. Effects of target objects on sensing distance
6. How to select the appropriate Proximity Sensor?
7. Proximity Sensors Terminology
1. What is a Proximity Sensor?
OMRON
A proximity sensor detects the approach of an object without making a

contact, making use of changes in a magnetic/electric field.
Spider Web Analogy
OMRON
2. Types of Proximity Sensor
Proximity Sensors make use of (1) Electric Field or (2) Magnetic Field to
do detection. Magnetic Field are less commonly used.
There are 2 different types of Electric Field: Electromagnetic Field &
Electro-static Field.
Electromagnetic Field
Type
Magnetic
Field
Electro-static Field
Type
Magnetic Field
Type
Sensing
object
Sensor
Oscillation
Open/close
element
Eddy
Current
Changes
in
capacitance
between electrodes and earth
Permanent
Magnet
Open/close lead
permanent magnet
Lead
Switch
switch
by
Commonly Used!

1.
By Detection Method
2.
By Coil Enclosure
3.
By Sensing Head
4.
By Sensing Amplifier
5.
By Output Mode
6.
By Application
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1.
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By Detection Method
Inductive Type
Capacitive Type
E2E
E2K-C
E2EY
E2K-L
E2EV

2.
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By Coil Enclosure
Unshielded Type
(Non-flushed mounted)
Shielded Type
(Flushed-mounted)
E.g. E2E-X2ME1-M1
Shorter sensing distance

Not affected by surrounding metal
E.g. E2E-X5ME1-M1
Longer sensing distance

Affected by surrounding metal as
electromagnetic field flows
backward to the sensor
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3.
By Sensing Head
Shape
Sensor Face Product Model
Applications
Cylindrical
Type
PBT
E2A
E2E
General purpose
Fluoro-resin
E2EQ
E2FQ
Anti-spatter for Automotive
Stainless
Steel
E2EH
NEW
High temp (up to 120C)

for Food & Beverage
E2FM
Stainless steel housing for

harsh environments
Rectangular Type
TL-N
General purpose
Flat Type
E2J
E2C
Flat head for robots or

mounting constraint

4.
Amplifier
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By Sensing Amplifier
Product Model
Advantages
Built-in
Amplifier
Easy to use
Easy to mount
E2E
TL-N
Separate
Amplifier
TL-W
NEW
E2C-T
In-cable
Amplifier
E2C-EDA
NEW
E2EC
E2EC-QC /
E2EC-MC
Compact head for

space constraint
machines
Teaching functions
available for more
precise detection
Compact head for
space constraint
machines

5.
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By Output Mode
DC/AC
Output
Circuit
2- Wire Type
with Polarity
DC
without polarity
NO/NC selected by
connections
AC
AC/DC
10

DC/AC Output Type
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Circuit
3 -Wire Type
NPN
NPN Open Collector

DC
PNP
PNP Open Collector
11
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12

6.
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By Application
Product Model
Application
Key features
Harsh environments where

grinding, collision &
mechanical collision are
highly prone
0.8mm thickness SUS303 housing

Chip-immunity function
Chemical and detergent resistance
Food & Beverage, Hightemperature wash down

areas
SUS316L housing
Heat resistance up to 120C
High-temperature
environments
Heat resistance up to 200C
Machine oil, cutting oil

environments
PUR cable (Frame proof, lead free and

halogen free)
Smart click connector (E2E-X-U-M1GJ)
E2AX
Petrochemical plants
ATEX Group II CAT 3D cert.

IP65 complied
E2AW
Welding plants,
Automotive
High temp. abrasion-resistant coating

on sensing face
E2AU
Mobile platforms
Cable breakage resistance

High resistance to cyclic and rapid
temperature change
E2FM
NEW
E2FM-Q (Flourine-coating)
E2EH-X
NEW
E2C-H
E2E-X-U
E2E-X-U-M1GJ
NEW
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OMRON
Application Example
Injection mold closure detection
Plastic Injection Machine
Plastic injection machines can

generate a lot of heat due to
energy dissipations from molten
materials. In this application, the
inductive proximity sensor must be
resistant to high temperature.
Recommendations:
NEW
E2C-H (up to 200C)
E2EH (Up to 120 C)
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4. Inductive Proximity Sensor
15
4.1 Basic Principles of Inductive Proximity Sensor
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High-frequency magnetic field
Target
Amplitude
Detecting
circuit
Output
circuit
Oscillation circuit
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Metal object
Approach
of object
Sensor
Amplitude
of
oscillation
Output
voltage
Releasing level
Operating
level
ON
Switching
circuit
Off
Off
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Principle of operation
Object (metal)
Sensing coil
in the proximity sensor
The detection coil located at the front end

of the sensor produces a high-frequency
magnetic field as shown in the picture.
Oscillating
circuit
When an object (metallic) approaches this magnetic field, an

induction current(eddy current) flows in the target due to
electromagnetic induction. As the target approaches the sensor, the
induction current flow increases, which causes the load on the
oscillation circuit to increase. Then, oscillation attenuates or stops.
The sensor detects this change in the oscillation status with the
amplitude detecting circuit, and outputs a detection signal
The degree of the change in the oscillation amplitude varies
depending on the target metal type, and therefore the detecting
distance also varies depending on the target metal type
18
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19
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20
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Operating principle of all-metal Prox. (E2EV type)

Target
Frequency
Comparison
circuit
Output
circuit
Oscillation circuit
Detects all kinds of metal at the same distance.

The all-metal type is basically included in the high-frequency oscillation
type. The all-metal type incorporates an oscillation circuit in which
energy loss caused by the induction current(eddy current) flowing in the
target affects the change of the oscillation frequency. When a target
approaches the sensor, the oscillation frequency increases regardless of
the metal type. The sensor detects this change and outputs a detection
signal.
21
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Operating principle of non-ferrous metal Prox. (E2CY, E2EY type)

Target
Frequency
Comparison
circuit
Output
circuit
Oscillation circuit
The nonferrous-metal type is basically included in the high-frequency

oscillation type. The nonferrous-metal type incorporates an oscillation
circuit in which energy loss caused by the induction current flowing in the
target affects the change of the oscillation frequency. When a nonferrousmetal target such as aluminum or copper approaches the sensor, the
oscillation frequency increases. On the other hand, when a ferrous-metal
target such as iron approaches the sensor, the oscillation frequency
decreases. When the oscillation frequency becomes higher than the
reference frequency, the sensor outputs a detection signal.
22
4.2 Features of Inductive Proximity Sensor
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1.
Non-contact detection
2.
Only detect metals
3.
Detecting distances are small (0 to 30mm typ.)
4.
Can be used in severe environment (e.g. dusty environment)
5.
High response speed
6.
Compact sensor head for installation flexibility
Iron
Copper
Brass
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5. Effect of Target Object on Sensing Distance
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Factors that affect sensing distance:

1.
2.
3.
4.
Material of the object

Size of the object
Thickness of the object
Effects of plating
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1. Material of the object

Of Rated SD
Steel
100%
SUS
70%
Brass
40%
Aluminum
30%
Copper
28%
Ferrous
Non-Ferrous
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Sensing distance X (mm)
E2E-X1R5E
The detection distance varies

greatly depending on the material
of the detecting object
Magnetic material or ferrous metal
such as iron, SUS have longer
sensing
distance,
while
non
magnetic metals or non-ferrous
metal
have
shorter
sensing
distance
Side length (one side) of sensing object d (mm)
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Iron
SUS
Sensing distance
Brass
Aluminum
Copper
The higher the conductivity, lower the magnetic

inductance
Non ferrous metals are more conductive then
ferrous metals. Hence, it offers lower resistance
to the eddy current, resulting in that the magnetic
field penetrates deep inside the metal
Less flux appears out, and hence the sensing
distance gets smaller
Conductivity of test object
Sensor head
Sensing
distance
Sensor head
Object
Object
Non-ferrous metal, such as Aluminum,
Copper
Ferrous metal, such as Iron, SUS
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2. Size of the object
If the object gets smaller then

the standard test object, the
detection distance decreases
Side length(one side)
Of sensing object :d(mm)
Sensing distance
becomes short
Stability
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3. Thickness of the object

Sensor head
10m
Sensing distance X (mm)
Object
The flux cannot penetrate deep inside

the foil and will confine mostly on the
surface of the object => Hence,
longer sensing distance.
The thickness of magnetic metal (iron,
nickel, SUS etc.) must be 1mm or
more.
30
30
For Aluminum foil with thickness of

10m, the resistance offered to the
eddy current would be higher than a
10mm thick aluminum sheet.
Thickness of sensing object : t (mm)
When the thickness of a non-ferrous

metal is 0.01mm or less, it has a
detection distance equivalent to that
of a target of ferrous metal.
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4.
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Effects of plating
If the object is plated, the detection distance will be affected.
Thickness and base material of plating type
Steel (%)
Brass (%)
100
100
Zn 5 to 15m
90 to 120
95 to 105
Cd 5 to 15m
100 to 110
95 to 105
Ag 5 to 15m
60 to 90
85 to 100
Cu 10 to 20 m
70 to 90
95 to 105
Cu 5 to 15 m
---
95 to 105
Cu (5 to 15 m) + Ni (10 to 20 m)
70 to 95
---
Cu (5 to 10 m) + Ni (10m) + Cr (0.3 m)
70 to 95
---
No Plating
Note: % is with respect to non-plated detection distance
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1.
Target Materials
- Sensing Object => Determine inductive/capacitive type
- Sensing Distance => Determine barrel size
- Direction of movement of objects
2.
Environment
- Presence of metallic chips, sputter or filings?
- Presence of cutting fluids, chemicals, detergents or oil?
- High temperature?
3.
Mounting restrictions
- Any installation constraints?
4.
Other requirements?
- Output type, shielded/unshielded, separate amplifier & etc
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Parameters
Description
Product
AC/DC
DC
24 to 240Vdc, 48 to 240Vac
12 to 24Vdc
E2E
E2E other models
Temperature
-25 to 70C
General
E2C-H, E2C-EM02H
E2EH-X (DC 3-wire)
-10 to 200C
Body material
0 to 120C
One piece SUS housing
PBT sensor head
Teflon coated
E2FM NEW
E2EH-X NEW (most models)
E2FQ
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OMRON
Please consider following points while selecting and installing a Prox. Sensor.
Detection object and

activation condition of
proximity sensor
Specific
conditions of
object
Direction of
movement of
object
Peripheral
metal
Material, size,
shape,
existence of
plating, etc.
Transit
interval,
speed,
existence of
vibration, etc.
Material,
distance to
detector,
orientation,
etc.
Sensing
distance
Permitted
deviation
error in transit
point, etc.
Detection (setting) distance, shape of sensor detector

(square rod type, cylinder type, through-type, slot type).
Effect of peripheral metal (shielded type, non-shielded type),
response speed (response frequency). Effect of
temperature, effect of voltage
33
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Electrical Conditions:
Direct current (voltage change
value, current capacity value)
Power Supply
Alternating current (voltage

change value, frequency, etc.)
Need for S3D2 controller
Selecting the voltage type

- DC type
- DC type + S3D2
controller
- AC type
Resistance load Non-contact control system

Inductance load relay, solenoid, etc.
Load
Constant current value, surge current value

Operation, reset voltage (current)
Lamp load
Constant current surge
Open/close frequency
34
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Environmental Conditions:
The environment tolerance characteristics of the proximity sensor are
better than other models of sensors, however, investigate well before
using in harsh temperature conditions or in special atmospheres.
Temperature
and humidity
Atmosphere
Vibration
and
shock
High value or
low value,
existence of
direct sunlight,
etc.
Temperature effects, hightemperature

use,
low
temperature use, need for
shade, etc.
Water, oil, iron

powder, and
other special
chemicals
Need for water resistance or

oil resistance, need for
explosion proof type
Size,
duration
Need
for
solidarity,
mounting method
35
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Environmental Conditions:
- Water Resistance
Do not use in water, rain, or outside.
- Ambient Conditions
In order to maintain reliability of operation, do not
use outside the specified temperature range or in
outdoor conditions. The proximity sensor has a
water resistant structure, however, it must be
covered to prevent direct contact with water or watersoluble shaving oil. Do not use in atmospheres with
chemicals, in particular strong alkaline or acid (nitric
acid, chromic acid, or hot concentrated sulfuric acid).
- Explosive atmospheres
Cannot be used in atmospheres where there is a
danger of explosion. In this case, it is recommended
to use an explosion-proof sensor.
36
OMRON
Please consider following points while selecting and installing a Prox. Sensor .
Mounting Conditions:
When deciding the mounting method, take into consideration not only
restrictions due to the mechanical device, but also ease of maintenance
and inspection, and interference between sensors.
Existence of mounting clamps
Mounting
Procedure
Fixed location
Direct mounting
- Secured with bolts or screws
Ease of maintenance and inspection
Mounting space
Wires
Wiring method,
existence of
inductance
surges
- Wire type, length, oil resistance cable

- Shielded cable
- Robot cable, etc.
Conduit cable, duct cable
Connections
Direct pull-out, terminal wiring

Ease of maintenance and inspection
37
OMRON
Effect of external electromagnetic field
-
The effect within a direct magnetic field is 20 mT. Do not use a level higher than 20 mT.
Sudden changes in the direct current magnetic field may cause incorrect operation. Do
not use for applications that involve turning the direct current electromagnet on and off.
Do not place a transceiver near the proximity sensor on its wiring, as this may cause
incorrect operation.
38
OMRON
Sensor Installation Consideration
Points to note
Mutual Interference
Occurs when more than 2 pieces of sensors are installed facing each other or side by
side, causing the output to be unstable.
To avoid interference, it is possible to:
Separate the sensors by a minimum distance.
Use one with standard oscillation and the other with different freq. alternately.
For E2E-X, min. distance between sensors
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7. Proximity Sensor Terminology
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Detecting distance
The distance from the detecting surface of a sensor head to the point where a
standard target approaching the sensor head is first detected
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Setting Distance
The distance from the reference surface, which allows stable use including the
effects of temperature and voltage, to the (standard) test object passage
position. This is approximately 70% to 80% of the normal (rated) detection
distance.
41
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Hysteresis
The difference between the reset distance and the detecting distance using a
standard object. The reset distance refers to the distance from the detecting
surface of a sensor head to the point at which the sensor resets for
subsequent detection.
42
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Standard Target
A target determined as standard according to the shape , size, and material,
that is used to obtain the specification of a sensor.
43
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Shielded Type
The sensing coil is encased in a metal shielding. The magnetic flux is
concentrated in front of the sensor because the sides of the sensor coil are
covered with metal case. Shielded type is less affected by surrounding metal.
And can be embedded in a metal base.
44
OMRON
Non- shielded Type

The sensing coil is not metal-shielded. The magnetic flux is spread in front as
well all sides of the sensor, as the sensor coil is not covered by any metal
case. This type provides a longer detecting distance, compared to a shielded
type of the same size.
Since, non-shielded type is easily affected by the surrounding metal, and
therefore no object other then the target must be present around the tip of the
sensor head.
45
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Effects of surrounding metal

The existence of metal objects other then the detection object near the detection
surface of the proximity sensor will affect its detection performance. There could be
increase in the activation distance, degrade temperature characteristics, and cause
reset failure. Especially while using a non-shielded type as it requires more clearance
from the surrounding metal. Provide a minimum distance as advised in the catalog for
the particular model. The values in the table are for general guideline only, as it is
calculated for the nuts that accompany each model. Changing the nut material will
change the effect of peripheral metals.
0
0
46
OMRON
2-wire Proximity Sensors
Point of 2-wire Prox. Sensor

(1) Unlike , 3-wire output there is no output cord (black). The output load
is directly connected in series with the sensor. There are two kinds,
polarity type and non-polarity type.
(2) Advantage points :
(a) Easy wiring
(b) In case of many sensors connected in a production machine, if
accidentally, one of the sensor is shorted it is easier to investigate
the failed sensor.
47
OMRON

2-wire Proximity Sensors Connection Diagram
Power Supply
24Vdc
PLC
1
Input
Sensor
Brwn
Blue
COM
COM
Common
DC24V 6mA
48
OMRON

2-wire type : A real life example
Example : In an automobile production line, there were many 3-wire prox. Sensors
installed . One of the sensors became short circuited due to sputter from the welding. The
power supply that was supplying power to all the sensors tripped. It took them hours to
locate the exact the sensor that was short circuited. Because, as soon as the power ON,
it will trip, and it is difficult to investigate where the fault location is.
Power
Power
ad
Lo
But, if 2-wire Prox. Sensor would have been used, then because of the load
resistance, power would not trip. Only, the short circuited sensor would stop
functioning. That would then make it easy to locate the faulty sensor.
49
OMRON
2-wire Proximity Sensors : Caution Points
(1) Surge Protection

Although the proximity sensor has a surge absorption circuit, if there
is a device (motor, welder, etc.) that causes large surges near the
proximity sensor, insert a surge protector in the source of the surges.
50
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(2)
Residual Voltage : The impedance of the 2-wire type proximity sensors circuit, when
output is ON, produces a voltage which is the difference of the voltage across the 2
wires connected to it. (V1, 0V). This means that the voltage across the load (V2) is
equal to the supply voltage minus V1 (V2=Vs-V1). Make sure that V2 is greater than
the operating voltage of the load. (Refer to the characteristic chart Residual
voltage)
Load
Proximity
Sensor
V1
V2
Vs
Power Supply
Load Voltage V2 = Vs V1
51
OMRON

(2)
Leakage current : With a 2-wire proximity sensor, a small amount of current flows
(leakage current) to keep the circuit operating even when the sensor is turned OFF.
(Refer to the leakage current characteristic graph . Because of this current, a low
voltage remains on the load, sometimes preventing the load from properly resetting.
Before operation, check that the residual voltage is lower than the reset voltage of
the load. )
52
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When load current is low:
When the load current is less than 10mA, connect a bleeder resistor to give the sensor
5mA or more load current. Make sure the residual voltage is less than the reset voltage of
the load.
53
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54
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Response Time
- t1 : The interval from the point when the standard test object moves into the
detection range of the sensor to the point when the output turns ON after the
sensor activates.
- t2 : The interval from when the standard test object moves out of the sensor
detection range to when the sensor output turns OFF.
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Response Frequency
- The number of detection repetitions that can be output per seconds
when the standard test object is repeatedly brought into proximity.
- See the accompanying diagram for the measuring methods.
Response Frequency f (Hz) = 1 / (t1 + t2)
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OMRON
How Detection Distance is expressed

In the measurement of detection distance of proximity sensor, the reference
position and the direction of approach of the detected object are determined as
follow.
Expressed as the measured distance

from the reference axis when the
standard test object is moved parallel to
the
reference
surface
(detection
surface).
This distance varies depending on the
transit position (distance from the
reference surface), thus it can be
expressed as an operation point track.
Horizontal detection distance
Detection area diagram
57
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follow.
Expressed as the measured distance

from the reference surface when the
standard test object is made to
approach from the radial direction
(perpendicular to the detection
surface).
Perpendicular detection distance
58
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follow.
The slot type is frequently used by

inserting a thin metal plate through the
slot, and thus the insertion distance from
the reference surface is measured as
shown in the diagram.
Slot Type
59

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OMRON

Kinsetsu Sensa Gijutsu Shiryo

Proximity Sensor Technical Information

1. What is a Proximity Sensor?

1. What is a Proximity Sensor?

A proximity sensor detects the approach of an object without making a

Spider Web Analogy

2. Types of Proximity Sensor

3. Classification of Proximity Sensors

3. Classification of Proximity Sensors

3. Classification of Proximity Sensors

Shorter sensing distance

Longer sensing distance

3. Classification of Proximity Sensors

Sensor Face Product Model

Anti-spatter for Automotive

High temp (up to 120C)

Stainless steel housing for

Flat head for robots or

3. Classification of Proximity Sensors

Compact head for

3. Classification of Proximity Sensors

3. Classification of Proximity Sensors

NPN Open Collector

PNP Open Collector

3. Classification of Proximity Sensors

3. Classification of Proximity Sensors

Harsh environments where

0.8mm thickness SUS303 housing

Food & Beverage, Hightemperature wash down

Heat resistance up to 200C

Machine oil, cutting oil

PUR cable (Frame proof, lead free and

ATEX Group II CAT 3D cert.

High temp. abrasion-resistant coating

Cable breakage resistance

3. Classification of Proximity Sensors

Plastic Injection Machine

Plastic injection machines can

E2C-H (up to 200C)

E2EH (Up to 120 C)

4. Inductive Proximity Sensor

4.1 Basic Principles of Inductive Proximity Sensor

High-frequency magnetic field

4.1 Basic Principles of Inductive Proximity Sensor

4.1 Basic Principles of Inductive Proximity Sensor

The detection coil located at the front end

When an object (metallic) approaches this magnetic field, an

4.1 Basic Principles of Inductive Proximity Sensor

4.1 Basic Principles of Inductive Proximity Sensor

4.1 Basic Principles of Inductive Proximity Sensor

Operating principle of all-metal Prox. (E2EV type)

Detects all kinds of metal at the same distance.

4.1 Basic Principles of Inductive Proximity Sensor

Operating principle of non-ferrous metal Prox. (E2CY, E2EY type)

The nonferrous-metal type is basically included in the high-frequency

4.2 Features of Inductive Proximity Sensor

Only detect metals

Detecting distances are small (0 to 30mm typ.)