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    01-Fire Safety

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    Pungky Dan Ksatrya
    The document discusses fire safety on board ships. It notes that about 50% of lives lost at sea are due to fires, mainly in the engine room, accommodation areas, and cargo spaces. The engine room accounts for around 60% of all shipboard fires due to risks from oil units, electrical installations, and the funnel/casing. Preventing fires and containing them if they do occur is important to reduce risks to lives and property. International regulations like SOLAS and the FSS and FTP Codes provide standards for built-in fire protection systems, fire detection, firefighting equipment, and escape routes to achieve fire safety objectives.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    01-Fire Safety

    Uploaded by

    Pungky Dan Ksatrya
    1K views28 pages
    The document discusses fire safety on board ships. It notes that about 50% of lives lost at sea are due to fires, mainly in the engine room, accommodation areas, and cargo spaces. The engine room accounts for around 60% of all shipboard fires due to risks from oil units, electrical installations, and the funnel/casing. Preventing fires and containing them if they do occur is important to reduce risks to lives and property. International regulations like SOLAS and the FSS and FTP Codes provide standards for built-in fire protection systems, fire detection, firefighting equipment, and escape routes to achieve fire safety objectives.

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    The document discusses fire safety on board ships. It notes that about 50% of lives lost at sea are due to fires, mainly in the engine room, accommodation areas, and cargo spaces. The engine room accounts for around 60% of all shipboard fires due to risks from oil units, electrical installations, and the funnel/casing. Preventing fires and containing them if they do occur is important to reduce risks to lives and property. International regulations like SOLAS and the FSS and FTP Codes provide standards for built-in fire protection systems, fire detection, firefighting equipment, and escape routes to achieve fire safety objectives.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    1K views28 pages

    01-Fire Safety

    Uploaded by

    Pungky Dan Ksatrya
    The document discusses fire safety on board ships. It notes that about 50% of lives lost at sea are due to fires, mainly in the engine room, accommodation areas, and cargo spaces. The engine room accounts for around 60% of all shipboard fires due to risks from oil units, electrical installations, and the funnel/casing. Preventing fires and containing them if they do occur is important to reduce risks to lives and property. International regulations like SOLAS and the FSS and FTP Codes provide standards for built-in fire protection systems, fire detection, firefighting equipment, and escape routes to achieve fire safety objectives.

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    The key takeaways are that fire safety is an important part of ship management due to the high risks and losses associated with fires onboard ships. The main causes of fires are in the engine room from oil units and electrical installations, and in accommodation areas like the galley. The main locations of fires are the engine room (~60%), accommodation areas (~25%), and cargo spaces (~15%)

    The main causes of fires onboard ships are from machinery sources like oil units in the engine room (~60% of fires), as well as electrical installations and the funnel and casing. Other common causes are fires starting in the galley from cooking oil.

    The main locations of fires onboard ships are the engine room (~60% of fires), accommodation areas like cabins and store rooms (~25% of fires), and cargo spaces (~15% of fires).

    FIRE

    INTRODUCTION
    SAFETY
    1

    Rona Riantini
    PPNS - ITS

    FIRE SAFETY ON BOARD


    Fire safety is an important part of
    the SMS (ISM Code), due to:

    Great fire risk on board

    Great losses: Lives


    Material
    Financial

    Rona Riantini Maritime

    Total losses due to fire


    Other

    Fire & explosion

    Weather
    Collision
    &
    contact
    Machinery

    Grounding

    Rona Riantini Maritime

    Loss of Lives
    About 50% of all lives lost onboard ships are caused by:

    Cargo Tank

    (24%)

    Deck

    (6 %)

    Engine Room (ship in service)

    ( 4 %)

    Engine Room (ship under repair) ( 6 %)

    Pump Room

    (1 %)

    Structural Defect followed by

    (3 %)

    Other (inc accommodation)

    (3 %)

    Rona Riantini Maritime

    Different types of ships have different risk profile

    Rona Riantini Maritime

    Where do the risks come from?

    1 Oil storage

    5 Restaurants & Bars

    2 Engine room / Power station

    6 Shops

    3 Garage / Warehouse

    7 Conference rooms

    4 Hotel

    8 Control station

    Rona Riantini Maritime

    Distribution of Fires onboard Ships

    ENGINE ROOM
    ~ 60 %

    Oil units
    Electrical installations
    Funnel & Casing
    Insulation

    ACCOMMODATION Galley
    ~ 25 %
    Cabins
    Store rooms

    CARGO SPACES
    ~ 15 %
    Rona Riantini Maritime

    ENGINE ROOM
    ~ 60 %

    Oil units, Electrical installations, Funnel & Casing

    HIGH FIRE RISK

    The magnitude of the


    fire risk depends,
    among other things,
    on the design of the
    engine
    Rona Riantini Maritime

    ENGINE ROOM
    ~ 60 %

    Oil units, Electrical installations, Funnel & Casing

    LOWER FIRE RISK

    The magnitude of the


    fire risk depends,
    among other things,
    on the design of the
    engine

    Rona Riantini Maritime

    ENGINE ROOM (~ 60 %) Oil units, Electrical installations,

    Funnel & Casing

    Rona Riantini Maritime

    ENGINE ROOM (~ 60 %) Oil units, Electrical installations,


    Funnel & Casing

    Rona Riantini Maritime

    Distribution of Fires onboard Ships


    ACCOMMODATION (~ 25 %) Cabins

    Galley

    rooms

    Store

    4 5 % of all
    fires on board
    starts in the
    galley
    Cooking oil
    burning in a
    frying pan or
    a saucepan
    Rona Riantini Maritime

    Fire casualties

    CARGO SPACES (~ 15 %)

    Arsons are
    unfortunately
    not unusual
    Rona Riantini Maritime

    Dangerous when the ship is at a ship yard

    WHY ?

    Rona Riantini Maritime

    Dangerous when the ship is at a ship yard

    decreased number of crewmembers

    partly new crewmembers

    works with a high fire risk

    materials with a high fire risk


    being stored in insufficient places

    people, not familiar with ships, onboard

    lower standard of watch-keeping

    alarms out of order

    CO2 system out of order

    fire extinguishers and other fire


    fighting materials taken ashore for overhauling

    sprinkler system blocked

    fire pumps and fire main line without water

    emergency and normal exits blocked by shipyard materials

    Rona Riantini Maritime

    Fire casualties
    At Sea
    30%

    In Shipyard
    8%

    In Port
    62%

    Rona Riantini Maritime

    Cases
    Levina
    Salam Al Boccaccio
    Dona Paz

    Rona Riantini Maritime

    OBJECTIVES

    SOLAS Chapt II-2 Part A: General


    Regulation 2: Fire safety objectives and functional requirements
    1

    Fire safety objectives

    1.1 The fire safety objectives are:


    .1 prevent the occurrence of fire and explosion
    .2 reduce the risk to life,caused by fire
    .3 reduce the risk of damage, caused by fire to the ship,
    its cargo and the environment
    .4 contain, control and suppress, fire and explosion in the
    compartment of origin
    .5 provide adequate and readily accessible means of escape for
    passengers and crew
    Rona Riantini Maritime

    Functional requirements are achieved by certain


    Basic Principles:
    I. Built in fire protection:
    .1 division of the ship into main vertical and horizontal zones by thermal
    and structural boundaries
    .2 separation of accommodation spaces from the remainder of the ship by
    thermal and structural boundaries
    .3 restricted use of combustible materials
    II. Detection of fire:
    .4 detection of any fire in the zone of origin
    III. Extinguishing fire protection:
    .5 containment and extinction of any fire in the space of origin
    IV. Preventive fire protection:
    .6 protection of means of escape and access for fire fighting
    .7 ready availability of fire-extinguishing appliances
    .8 minimization of possibility of ignition of flammable cargo vapour
    Rona Riantini Maritime

    The fire safety objectives are achieved by


    compliance with the prescriptive requirements in:
    Part B Prevention of fire and explosion
    C Suppression of fire
    D Escape
    E Operational requirements
    G Special requirements:

    a) helicopter facilities
    b) carriage of dangerous goods
    c) special category and ro-ro spaces

    or

    the design and arrangements have been reviewed and approved


    in accordance with:
    Part F: Alternative design and arrangements =
    a) Engineering analysis
    b) Evaluation of the alternative design and arrangementsRona Riantini Maritime

    FIRE SAFETY STANDARDS

    Yesterday and today:


    Prescriptive regulations (prescribes the
    design in detail)

    Today and tomorrow:


    Performance based regulations (defines
    the required performance)

    Rona Riantini Maritime

    Example on two ways to achieve


    the same fire safety standards
    Prescriptive regulations:

    An A-60 bulkhead must be able to prevent the


    spread of a standard fire for 60 minutes
    Performance based regulations:

    The arrangement shall be such as to prevent the


    spread of fire in such a way, that no persons are
    exposed to untenable conditions

    Rona Riantini Maritime

    FIRE SAFETY STANDARDS

    For the ship

    SOLAS
    Chapter II-2

    For systems
    and equipment

    FSS Code

    For test procedures


    and type approval

    FTP Code

    Rona Riantini Maritime

    International Code for Fire Safety Systems

    (FSS Code)
    Resolution MSC.98(73)
    The Code is mandatory under SOLAS and entered into force on 1 July 2002.

    The FSS Code provides


    International standards for the fire safety systems and equipment
    required by SOLAS Chapter II-2
    In order to make the publication as comprehensive as possible for the use by
    equipment and systems manufacturers, ship owners and operators, shipyards,
    classification societies and Administrations, all related fire safety standards and
    guidelines adopted by either the Assembly or the MSC are incorporated in the publication

    Rona Riantini Maritime

    International Code for Application of


    Fire Test Procedures (FTP Code)
    (Resolution MSC. 61(67))

    Division of ships by thermal and structural boundaries and restrictions on the use of combustible
    materials are important principles in chapter II-2 (SOLAS 1974).
    The FTP Code provides international requirements for laboratory testing, type approval and fire test
    procedures for the:

    Non-combustibility test
    Smoke and toxicity test
    Test for A, B and F class
    divisions
    Test for fire door control
    systems
    Test for surface flammability

    Test for primary deck


    coverings
    Test for vertically supported
    textiles and films
    Test for upholstered furniture
    Test for bedding components

    It is of paramount importance for the safety of passengers and crew that all materials used for the
    construction of ships and equipment are fully in compliance with the fire protection requirements and
    fire tests of materials must be properly conducted in accordance with the established test procedures.
    Rona Riantini Maritime

    Built in fire protection


    Fixed fire fighting equipment and its function
    Portable equipment and its function
    Fire stations
    Dangerous goods equipment station
    Fire & general alarm function
    Other alarms ( i.e. Gas detection system)
    Fire control plan & alarm list
    Quick closing valves
    Escape ways
    26

    Scope of discussion
    FIRE SAFETY ON BOARD :
    1.

    BUILT IN FIRE PROTECTION

    2.

    BUILT IN FIRE EXTINGUISHING

    3.

    PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHING

    4.

    OPERATIONAL READINESS

    5.

    ESCAPE WAYS

    6.

    SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS

    Rona Riantini Maritime

    Sources

    Rona Riantini Maritime

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