Modelling Discontinuous Rock With FLAC and UDEC

Modeling Discontinuous Rock
with FLAC and UDEC
FLAC
Theory
Explicit Finite Difference Method
Constitutive Models
Steps needed
How to run program
Example problems
FLAC Theory-Explicit
Finite Difference Method
The finite difference method is perhaps the oldest
numerical technique used for the solution of sets of
differential equations, given initial values and/or boundary
values. In the finite difference method, every derivative in
the set of governing equations is replaced directly by an
algebraic expression written in terms of the field variables
(e.g., stress or displacement) at discrete points in space;
these variables are undefined anywhere else.
Explicit-time marching scheme
Lagrangian Analysis
Since we do not need to form a global stiffess matrix, it
is a trivial matter to update coordinates at each timestep
in large strain mode. The incremental displacements are
added to the coordinates so that the grid moves and
deforms with the material it represents. This is termed a
"Lagrangian" formulation, in contrast to an "Eulerian"
formulation, in which the material moves and deforms
relative to a fixed grid.
Equations
Motion and equilibrium

Constitutive relations
Darcys law for fluid flow
Fouriers law for heat flow
Equations of motion
Equations of motion
Constitutive relationships
Constitutive Models
Null
Elastic, isotropic
Transverse , tranverse isotropic
Mohr-Coulomb plastic
Ubiquitous joint
Strain hardening/softening
Double yield
Elastic, Isotropic
Elastic,
Transversely
Isotropic
Mohr-Coulomb
Ubiquitous Joint Model
Ubiquitous Joint Model
FLAC - Steps
1) Develop a specific objective for using
FLAC
2) Create a conceptual model (expected
behavior under imposed conditions)
3) Assemble data
FLAC steps
4) Make a simple model first

5) Define monitoring locations
6) Run the FLAC model
7) Present results for a clear interpretation
FLAC - How to run program

1) Generate grid
grid icol irow
2) Deform grid
gen 0,5 0,20 20,20 5,5

i=1,11
initial x 1.234 i=5 j=4

3) Boundary and
initial conditions
fix x j=1,11
free y j=2
apply pressure=10 j=5
initial sxx=-10 syy=5
Notes: Initial and boundary

conditions
Apply
pressure
sxx
sxy
syy
xforce
yforce
xvel
yvel
Fix
x
y
pp
Initial
pp
sat
pressure
sxx
sxy
syy
xforce
yforce
xvel
yvel
xdis
ydis

5) Assign constitutive
behavior and material
properties
model elastic
model mohr
prop dens=2000
prop bulk=1e8 j=6.10

6) Step to initial
equilibrium state
set grave=9.81
step 200 .. step 200
solve
7) Examine model
response
plot grid
print grid
plot hist
(hist ydisp i=5 j=5)
Notes: tracking model

Plot
Print
grid
sxx, sxy, syy, stress
xforce, yforce
xvel, yvel, velocity
displacement
fail, plastic, state
hist 1 (histogram)
Hist
pp
sxx, sxy, syy, sig1, sig2
unbalanced
pp
state
pressure
sxx, sxy, syy
x, y,
xdis, ydis
xvel ,yvel
hist

8) Alterations
excavate material
change boundary
conditions
add support
9) Repeat steps 5-8
model null
apply xforce j=1
structure beam .
structure cable .
structure support .
Notes: Program control

call
return
new
save
restore
stop/quit
reads in a text file with FLAC

commands
return control from a call
start new problem, lose everything
save the state of an analysis to disk
restore the state of an analysis from
disk
exit program
Simulating Discontinuities:
Interfaces
Joint, fault, bedding plane

Interface, e.g. soil/foundation
Contact between materials
Contact between colliding objects
Interfaces
Glued interfaces
Coulomb shear
strength
Tension bond
Interfaces
Conceptual Model
Generate
grid 50 30
model elas
model null j=14 i=1,28
model null j=29
model null j=20 i=30,50
Interfaces
Distort grid
gen 0,-45 0,0 70,0 65.926,-28.519 i=1,29 j=1531
gen .
Interfaces
Add excavation
model null .
Add interface
properties
interface 1 coh= ...
UDEC
Theory
Constitutive models
Steps needed
How to run program
Example problem
Discrete Models
A discontinuous medium is distinguished from
a continuous one by the existence of contacts or
interfaces between the discrete bodies that
comprise the system. Discontinuum methods
can be categorized both by the way they
represent contacts and by the way they
represent the discrete bodies in the numerical
formulation.
Modeling discontinuous systems

Behavior of the discontinuities
Behavior of the solid material
Calculation cycle
Constitutive equations, contacts

n k n un
s k s u s
relationship
between force,
joint stiffness
and
displacement
Contacts (rounded corners)
Equations of motion
.
du F
dt m
velocity, time, force, mass
Deformable blocks
Finite difference
triangular elements
Blocks constitutive Models
Null
Elastic, isotropic
Drucker-Prager
Mohr-Coulomb plastic
Ubiquitous joint
Strain hardening/softening
Double yield
Joint constitutive model:

Continuously yielding model
Fk s u s
1
m
F
1 r
Simple UDEC model
Conceptual model
UDEC - Steps
1) Develop a specific objective for using
UDEC
2) Create a conceptual model (expected
behavior under imposed conditions)
3) Construct and run simple idealized
models
UDEC - Steps
4) Assemble data
5) Detailed model runs
6) Presentation of data
UDEC - How to run program

1) Generate a block
block 0,0 0,5 5,5 5,0
2) Round corners
round 0.5
3) Generate
discontinuities
crack 0,0 5,5

jset 20,0 0.5,0 0,0 5,0
jregion 0,0 0,5 5,5 5,0

4) Set boundary and
initial conditions
5) generate structures
fix range 0,20 0,5

free range 0,20 0,5
boundary stress a,b,c
range 0,0 5,5
crack delete
tunnel
arc ...

6) Make blocks
deformable
gen edge v
7) Assign model to
blocks
change cons=1 elastic

model
8) Assign rock
material properties
prop mat 1 dens=2000

9) Assign joint
material properties
prop jmat 1 jfric=20.0

Modelling Discontinuous Rock With FLAC and UDEC

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Modelling Discontinuous Rock With FLAC and UDEC

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Modeling Discontinuous Rock

with FLAC and UDEC

Explicit-time marching scheme

Motion and equilibrium

Ubiquitous Joint Model

Ubiquitous Joint Model

4) Make a simple model first

FLAC - How to run program

grid icol irow

gen 0,5 0,20 20,20 5,5

FLAC - How to run program

Notes: Initial and boundary

FLAC - How to run program

FLAC - How to run program

Notes: tracking model

FLAC - How to run program

9) Repeat steps 5-8

Notes: Program control

reads in a text file with FLAC

Joint, fault, bedding plane

Modeling discontinuous systems

Constitutive equations, contacts

Contacts (rounded corners)

Blocks constitutive Models

Joint constitutive model:

Simple UDEC model

UDEC - How to run program

block 0,0 0,5 5,5 5,0

crack 0,0 5,5

UDEC - How to run program

fix range 0,20 0,5

UDEC - How to run program

change cons=1 elastic

prop mat 1 dens=2000

UDEC - How to run program

prop jmat 1 jfric=20.0

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