Bio Mechanic of Elbow Joint

IBOMECHANIC OF ELBOW
JOINT
ARAMBAM MEITEILEIMA
CHANU
1ST YEAR MPT.
CONTENTS
• 1. INTRODUCTION
• 2. ANATOMY
• 3. KINEMATICS
• 4. CARRYING ANGLE
• 5. ELBOW STABILITY
• 6. KINETICS
• 7. ELBOW JOINT FORCES
8. SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
• THE ELBOW JOINT IS A COMPLEX JOINT
• IT FUNCTION AS A FULCRUM FOR THE

FOREARM LIVER SYSTEM AND IS RESPONSIBLE
FOR THE POSITIONING OF HAND AT SPACE
• THE ELBOW COMPLEX CONSIST OF ELBOW

JOINT(HUMEROULNAR AND HUMERORADIAL
ARTICULATION) AND THE DISTAL PROXIMAL
RADIOULNAR JOINT.
FLEXOIN AND EXTENSION OCCUR AT THE SAGITTAL
PLANE AROUND THE CORONAL AXIS.SUPINATION AND
PRONATION OCCUR AT THE TRANSVERSE PLANE
AROUND THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS.

ANATOMY
– The joint complex allow two types of

movement namely flexion- extension and supination
– pronation
• ARTICULATING SURFACE-THE ARTICULATING

SURFACE OF THE RADIUS AND ULNAR
INCLUDES THE RADIAL HEAD AND THE
TROCHELAR NOTCH.THE ARTICULATING
SURFACE ON THE DISTAL HUMEROUS
INCLUDES THE CAPITULUM AND THE
TROCHLEAR.
FLEXION AND EXTENSION IS ALLOW BY THE
HUMERORADIAL AND HUMEROULNAR ARTICULATION
TI IS A HINGE OR SINGLYMOID JOINT.
THE PROXIMAL RADIOULAR ARTICULATION ALLOWS

THE FOREARM PRONATION AND SUPINATION
AND IT IS CLASSIFIED AS A TROCHOID JOINT.
SO THE ELBOW JOINT COMPLEX IS TROCHLEOGING

LYMOID JOINT.
THE TROCHLEA AND CAPITELLUM OF THE DISTAL
HUMEROUS ARE INTERNALLY ROTARTED TO 3 TO 8.AND
94 TO 98 OF VALGUS WITH RESPECT TO THE LONG
AXIS OF HUMEROUS.THE DISTAL HUMEROUS IS
ANTERIORLY ANGULATED 30 ALONG THE AXIS OF THE
HUMEROUS.THE ARTICULATING SURFACE OF ULNA IS
ORIENTED IN APPROXIMATELY 4 TO 7 OF VALGUS
ANGULATION WITH RESPECT TO THE LONGITUDINAL
AXIS OF THE ITS SHAFT.

Angular orientation of the distal humerus in the
AP- A, L-B, and axial(c) projection
KINEMATICS
• FLEXION - EXTENSION, SUPINATION -
PRONATION ARE THE MOVEMENTS OCCURING
AT THE SHOULDER COMPLEX
• FLEXION -EXTENSION TAKE PLACE AT THE

HUMEROULNAR AND HUMERORADIAL
ARTICULATION.
• NORMAL RANGE- 0-146(FUNCTIONAL RANGE 30-
130)
• AXIS IS RELATIVELY FIXED AND PASSES
THROUGH THE CENTER OF CAPITULUM AND
TROCHLEAR
• CAPITULUM BISECTING THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF THE SHAFT
OF THE HUMEROUS
•
• SUPINATION AND PORONATION TAKE PLACE AT THE
HUMERORADIAL AND APOXIMAL RADIOULNAR JOINT
• THE NORMAL RANGE OF FOREARM PRONATION SUPINATION

AVERAGE FROM 71 OF PRONATION TO 81 OF SUPINATION
• THE AXIS OF MOTION IS A LONGITUDINAL AXIS EXTENDING

FROM THE CENTER OF RADIAL HEAD TO THE CENTER OF
ULNAR HEAD
• SUPINATION THE RADIUS AND ULNAR LIES PARALLEL TO ONE

ANOTHER WHEREAS IN PRONATION THE RADIUS CROSS OVER
THE ULNAR
CARRYING ANGLE
• CARRYING ANGLE CAN BE DIFINE AS
THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE ANATOMICAL
AXIS OF THE ULNAR AND
HUMEROUS(FIG)
• THE ANGLE IS LESS IN CHILD THEN IN

ADULTS AND GREATER AT FIMALE THEN
IN MALE AVERAGING 10 AND 13 OF
VALGUS
Carrying angle of the elbow form
byThe interception of the long axes
of the humerus and ulna
.
*********
• When the carrying angle is increase
beyond the normal range it is called
cubitus valgus.
• Normaly carrying angle is disappear
when the forearm is pronated and the
elbow is in full extension and when the
forearm is flexed against the humerous
in full elbow flexion.
ELBOW STABILITY
• IT IS PROVIDED BY THE
LEGAMENTS,MUSCLES,CAPSULES, AND
ARTICULATING SURFACE OF THE ELBOW
JOINT.
• THE MEDIAL COLLATERAL LEGAMENT

AND JALERAL COLLATERAL LEGAMENT
ARE MAINLY RESPONSIBLE FOR ELBOW
STABILITY.
.
• Valgus force are resisted primarily by
the anterior band.It is tighten in elbow
at extension and posterior band tighten
during the elbow flexion
• However in case there is disrupted
anterior band the radial head becomes
the primary restraint to valgus stress
emphasizing it function as a secondary
stabilizer in elbow with an intact MCL.
*******
• In extension resistance to valgus force
is sear equaly by MCL complex ,
capsule(anterior)joint articulation.
• In flexion the primary resistor to valgus
stress is the MCL complex the elbow
articulation follow by the anterior
capsule and LCL complex.
*****
• The LCL is important stabilizer of the
humeroulnar joint.The ulnar collateral
legament is the primary risistent to
posterolateral instability to the elbow joint
follow by the radial colletral legament and
capsule
• Structure limiting the passive flexion include
capsule,triceps,coronoid process and radial
head.
• Structure limiting extension include olecranon
process and anterior band of MCL complex
Legamentous structures that provide stability for the radioulnar
joint
*********
• The annular legament is a srtong band that
forms four-fifth of a ring that encircle thr
radial head.
• The quadrate legament extend from the
inferior edge of the ulnar”s radial notch to
insert the neck of the radius.
• The qoadrate legament reinforces the inferior
aspect of the joint capsule and help to
maintain the radial hear in appositon to the
ridial notch
The qoadrate legament also limits the spin of the radial
Head in supination and pronation .The olique cord extend
From the attachment just inferior to the radial notch to the
Ulna.
fibres of the olique cord are at right angle to the

Fibres of inrerosseous membrane.its function is to assist
In preventing seperation of radius and ulna.
The interosseous membrane is a broad collaginous sheet

That run between the radius and ulna.It provide stability
To both the superior and inferior radioulna joint
It also provide the transmission of force from hand and
Distal end of the radius to the ulna.
.
KINETICS
• ELBOW JOINT FORCES-43% forces acting
longitudinaly to the elbow joint are
transmited through the ulnotrochlear joint and
57% are transmited through radiocapitellar
joint(halls and travill)
• The elbow joint compressive force is eight
times the weight held by the outstretch hand.
(ewald)
****
• joint ranges from one to three times body
weight.force transmited through the radial head
is gretest between 0 and 30 of flexion and is
greatest in pronation than supination.(an and
morrey)
• During weight lifting the resultant force at
glnohumeral joint ranges from one to three
times body weight.
• Increase flexion
****
strength and decrease elbow
force is seen with the elbow at 90 flexion.this
is because of the increase mechanical
advantage of the elbow flexor secondary to the
lengthening of the flexor moment arm.
• The force generated to elbow has been seen to
be three times body weight than the body
weight in certain activities .during dressing and
eating activity the joint reaction force is 300 N
****
• Rising from the chair resulted in a joint
reaction force of 1700N and pulling a
table 1,900,N
summary
• The elbow joint consist of 3 articulation
that allow 2 movement
• Functional range of elbow motion is 30
to 130 of flexion and extension and 50
to 50 of pronation-supination
• Axis of rotation of flexion and
extension is located at the centre of
trochlear and capitulum in lateral view
• Carrying angle
*****
• Anterior band of MCL is the primary stabilizer to
valgus force.lateral ulnar collateral legament is the
stabilizer to p-l rotatory instability of elbow
• Brachialis and tricep are the primary flexor and

extensors,.bicep brachii and pronatar quadratus are
the primary supinator and pronator respectively
• Force in elbow is 3 times the body weight when

doing activitys
THANK U

Bio Mechanic of Elbow Joint

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Bio Mechanic of Elbow Joint

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IBOMECHANIC OF ELBOW

• 7. ELBOW JOINT FORCES

• IT FUNCTION AS A FULCRUM FOR THE

• THE ELBOW COMPLEX CONSIST OF ELBOW

PLANE AROUND THE CORONAL AXIS.SUPINATION AND

PRONATION OCCUR AT THE TRANSVERSE PLANE

AROUND THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS.

– The joint complex allow two types of

• ARTICULATING SURFACE-THE ARTICULATING

THE PROXIMAL RADIOULAR ARTICULATION ALLOWS

SO THE ELBOW JOINT COMPLEX IS TROCHLEOGING

HUMEROUS ARE INTERNALLY ROTARTED TO 3 TO 8.AND

94 TO 98 OF VALGUS WITH RESPECT TO THE LONG

AXIS OF HUMEROUS.THE DISTAL HUMEROUS IS

ANTERIORLY ANGULATED 30 ALONG THE AXIS OF THE

HUMEROUS.THE ARTICULATING SURFACE OF ULNA IS

ORIENTED IN APPROXIMATELY 4 TO 7 OF VALGUS

ANGULATION WITH RESPECT TO THE LONGITUDINAL

AXIS OF THE ITS SHAFT.

• FLEXION -EXTENSION TAKE PLACE AT THE

• THE NORMAL RANGE OF FOREARM PRONATION SUPINATION

• THE AXIS OF MOTION IS A LONGITUDINAL AXIS EXTENDING

• SUPINATION THE RADIUS AND ULNAR LIES PARALLEL TO ONE

• THE ANGLE IS LESS IN CHILD THEN IN

• THE MEDIAL COLLATERAL LEGAMENT

fibres of the olique cord are at right angle to the

The interosseous membrane is a broad collaginous sheet

• Brachialis and tricep are the primary flexor and

• Force in elbow is 3 times the body weight when

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