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    Sub-Grade Water Proofing

    Uploaded by

    dkpandey
    This document discusses different types of sub-grade waterproofing for underground concrete structures. It describes three types of protection: Type A uses a physical barrier like a membrane to prevent water ingress. Type B relies on the structure's design and durable materials for integral water and vapor resistance. Type C incorporates internal drainage to manage any water that enters, collecting it in a cavity behind a lining. The document provides details on assessing water table levels, choosing the appropriate protection type, and materials and methods for each type, including waterproofing admixtures and waterstops.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Sub-Grade Water Proofing

    Uploaded by

    dkpandey
    932 views16 pages
    This document discusses different types of sub-grade waterproofing for underground concrete structures. It describes three types of protection: Type A uses a physical barrier like a membrane to prevent water ingress. Type B relies on the structure's design and durable materials for integral water and vapor resistance. Type C incorporates internal drainage to manage any water that enters, collecting it in a cavity behind a lining. The document provides details on assessing water table levels, choosing the appropriate protection type, and materials and methods for each type, including waterproofing admixtures and waterstops.

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    sub grade water profing

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    Sub-grade Water Proofing

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    This document discusses different types of sub-grade waterproofing for underground concrete structures. It describes three types of protection: Type A uses a physical barrier like a membrane to prevent water ingress. Type B relies on the structure's design and durable materials for integral water and vapor resistance. Type C incorporates internal drainage to manage any water that enters, collecting it in a cavity behind a lining. The document provides details on assessing water table levels, choosing the appropriate protection type, and materials and methods for each type, including waterproofing admixtures and waterstops.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    932 views16 pages

    Sub-Grade Water Proofing

    Uploaded by

    dkpandey
    This document discusses different types of sub-grade waterproofing for underground concrete structures. It describes three types of protection: Type A uses a physical barrier like a membrane to prevent water ingress. Type B relies on the structure's design and durable materials for integral water and vapor resistance. Type C incorporates internal drainage to manage any water that enters, collecting it in a cavity behind a lining. The document provides details on assessing water table levels, choosing the appropriate protection type, and materials and methods for each type, including waterproofing admixtures and waterstops.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The key takeaways are that there are three types of waterproofing protections - Type A, B and C. Type A uses a barrier system, Type B relies on the structure itself and Type C manages water that penetrates by collecting it in a cavity.

    The three types of waterproofing protections discussed are Type A (barrier protection), Type B (structurally integral protection) and Type C (drained protection).

    Some methods of providing Type B protection discussed are designing and detailing the structure to minimize water ingress, adding waterproofing admixtures and using waterstops.

    CE:651A - SPECIAL CONCRETES

    Department of Civil Engineering


    Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
    Uttar Pradesh - 208016

    LECTURE 5
    Sub-grade Water Profing

    Introduction

    All buildings should possess two fundamental characteristics.


    They should be structurally sound and they should exclude
    water.
    In the case of underground concrete structures, keeping the
    water out is critical.
    Probably the most common example of underground concrete
    structures that leak is the typical home basement.
    In fact 85 percent of builders report that they frequently have
    problems with leaking basements.
    Leading causes of leakage are poor control of surface and
    underground water, improper selection of the most suitable
    material, inadequate detailing by designers, poor
    workmanship, defective materials, inadequate supervision,
    and poor construction procedures.
    2

    Definition and Purpose of Waterproofing


    Waterproofing is a relatively impervious membrane, coating,

    or sealer used in concealed locations to prevent water from


    entering or passing through either horizontal or vertical
    building materials. Waterproofing is designed to exclude water
    even when the water is under a hydrostatic head.
    Waterproofing should not confused with clear water repellents
    and bituminous dampproofing, as they are not intended to
    prevent water penetration under a hydrostatic pressure.
    Clear water repellants are Intended to reduce water
    penetration into building materials by capillary action. They
    are normally used on exterior wall surfaces above grade to
    prevent damage of horizontal concrete by water, sodium
    chloride or other ice melting chemicals.
    Bituminous dampproofing is a coating that is used to prevent
    building materials from absorbing moisture that may migrate
    further Into the building structure
    3

    Planning of Waterproofing
    Indian standard (under

    review stage)
    considered three type water proofing
    namely; type A,B or C.
    Type A (barrier) protection
    Protection against water ingress which
    is dependent on a separate barrier
    system applied to the structure.
    Type
    B
    (structurally
    integral)
    protection Protection against water
    ingress which is provided by the
    structure.
    Type C (drained) protection
    Protection against water ingress into
    usable spaces which is provided by
    the incorporation of an appropriate
    internal water management system.
    4

    Principal considerations of Waterproofing


    In order to develop a robust design for protecting a structure

    against groundwater, the following factors should be


    assessed:
    The likely highest level of the water table, the drainage
    characteristics of the soil and other site specific properties
    The appropriate waterproofing measures, i.e. Type A, B or
    C protection and, where necessary, external drainage based
    on:
    1) the results of the site evaluation, including the
    classification of the water table; and
    2) the intended use of structure, with consideration
    given to any requirement for future flexibility. This
    should be undertaken in consultation with the client;
    The appropriate type of primary waterproofing system

    Type A (barrier) protection

    Type A (barrier) protection


    Structures using Type A protection are normally
    constructed of concrete or masonry.
    Barrier protection design should be based on an
    evaluation of:
    the nature of the substrate(s);
    the likely overall and local movements that might
    cause distress in the waterproofing barrier;
    the ability of the barrier system to accommodate
    these movements;
    the essential characteristics of the waterproofing
    system, e.g. bonded/unbonded, pre-applied/postapplied, liquid-applied or pre-formed;
    the need for external or internal application; and
    the effects of environmental contaminants.
    7

    Continue
    The waterproofing barrier used to provide Type A protection
    should be installed in one of the following locations,
    depending on the material(s) from which it is formed:
    On the exterior face of walls or slabs (external
    waterproofing);
    On some external source of support (reverse waterproofing);
    Within the structure (sandwiched waterproofing);
    On the interior face of perimeter walls (internal
    waterproofing)

    Type A (barrier) material and application

    Type B (Structurally Integral) Protections

    10

    Type B (Structurally Integral) Protections


    For water and water vapour resistance, Type B protection relies
    upon the design and the materials incorporated into the
    external shell of the structure itself. Water proofing of concrete
    can be done in following manner;
    Design and deatiling:

    Reinforced concrete structures may be designed and detailed


    specifically to minimize water ingress with no additional protective
    measures. Concretes meeting minimum design requirements for
    structural use and durability in the ground, and properly placed and
    compacted, are likely to have good resistance to the transmission of
    water in liquid form. A degree of resistance to water vapour
    transmission is also achieved dependent on section thickness. The
    pattern of any seepage encountered is often associated with poor
    joints, cracks or other discontinuities such as service penetrations.

    Adding water proofing admixtures:

    There is a range of products, generally categorized as


    waterproofing admixtures, which seek different ways to increase
    11
    the inherent resistance of concrete to water and water vapour.

    Waterstops:

    Continue

    The principal types of waterstops can be classified as the following.

    Passive sections:

    rubber or flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) extruded profiles cast


    into the concrete on both sides of the joint, either at the concrete
    surface or mid-depth of the concrete section, to form a physical
    obstruction to water transmission;
    steel water bar strips placed mid-depth of the concrete section to
    form a physical obstruction to water transmission.

    Active or hydrophilic strips or crystallization slurries:

    preformed profiles of materials or sealant composition applied to


    the concrete joint at depth in the section. The materials swell or
    give rise to crystal growth on contact with water providing an
    enhanced obstruction. They can used as a sole material or in a
    composite product with passive waterstop sections;
    post-injected systems.
    Permeable hose or other sections that are fixed to the construction
    joint surface before casting the second pour, to facilitate the
    injection of a specialist sealing resin into the joint, when required.
    12

    Type C (Drained) Protection

    13

    Type C (Drained) Protection


    Type C waterproofing protection manages water that
    penetrates the external shell of a structure, by collecting it in a
    cavity formed between the external wall and an internal
    lining/wall. There is permanent reliance on this cavity to
    collect groundwater seepage and direct it to a suitable
    discharge point, for example, drains or a sump for removal by
    gravity drainage or mechanical pumping.

    14

    Use of Different Protection Types Based


    on Water Table Classification

    15

    16

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