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    Extraction of Aluminium

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    dahliazamani
    Aluminum is extracted through an electrolysis process called the Hall-Héroult process. Raw aluminum oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite and electrolysis is used to reduce the aluminum oxide into pure aluminum metal. The process requires passing electricity through the aluminum oxide solution, with graphite electrodes. Positively charged aluminum ions are reduced to aluminum at the cathode, while oxygen is produced at the anode. The process produces 99% pure aluminum, which can be further refined through the Hoopes process to improve purity. Aluminum has many uses due to its light weight, corrosion resistance, and electrical conductivity.

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    Extraction of Aluminium

    Uploaded by

    dahliazamani
    2K views15 pages
    Aluminum is extracted through an electrolysis process called the Hall-Héroult process. Raw aluminum oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite and electrolysis is used to reduce the aluminum oxide into pure aluminum metal. The process requires passing electricity through the aluminum oxide solution, with graphite electrodes. Positively charged aluminum ions are reduced to aluminum at the cathode, while oxygen is produced at the anode. The process produces 99% pure aluminum, which can be further refined through the Hoopes process to improve purity. Aluminum has many uses due to its light weight, corrosion resistance, and electrical conductivity.

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    Aluminum is extracted through an electrolysis process called the Hall-Héroult process. Raw aluminum oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite and electrolysis is used to reduce the aluminum oxide into pure aluminum metal. The process requires passing electricity through the aluminum oxide solution, with graphite electrodes. Positively charged aluminum ions are reduced to aluminum at the cathode, while oxygen is produced at the anode. The process produces 99% pure aluminum, which can be further refined through the Hoopes process to improve purity. Aluminum has many uses due to its light weight, corrosion resistance, and electrical conductivity.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    2K views15 pages

    Extraction of Aluminium

    Uploaded by

    dahliazamani
    Aluminum is extracted through an electrolysis process called the Hall-Héroult process. Raw aluminum oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite and electrolysis is used to reduce the aluminum oxide into pure aluminum metal. The process requires passing electricity through the aluminum oxide solution, with graphite electrodes. Positively charged aluminum ions are reduced to aluminum at the cathode, while oxygen is produced at the anode. The process produces 99% pure aluminum, which can be further refined through the Hoopes process to improve purity. Aluminum has many uses due to its light weight, corrosion resistance, and electrical conductivity.

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    EXTRACTION OF

    METAL FROM ITS


    ORE
    Prepared by
    Nor Dahlia Zamani
    Nurul Nadiah Bt Kamal
     Aluminium is extracted by electrolysis.
     The aluminium oxide is dissolve in molten
    cryolite and then reduced to the pure
    metal.
     The first stage is the removal of the
    impurities, sand and some iron oxide.
     The pure aluminium oxide left is called
    alumina.
     Electricity is passed tgrough the alumina
    solution via electrodes.
     The electrode that is connected to the
    positive terminal is called the anode.
     The negative electrode is called the
    cathode.
     Both these electrodes are made of
    graphite.
     The reaction at the cathode — the
    negative terminal is
    Al3+ + 3 e− → Al
     At the positive electrode (anode), oxygen
    is formed:
    2 O2− → O2 + 4 e−
     the whole process requires a great deal
    of electricity, which makes it very
    expensive.
    Electrolysis of pure alumina (Hall-Heroult process)

    fig 8.3 - Hall's cell


    Refining of aluminium (Hoopes process)
     The metal obtained in the above step is about
    99% pure and for most purposes it is taken as
    pure metal.
     However, further purification of aluminium can
    be carried out by Hoopes process. The cell
    consists of an iron tank lined with carbon at the
    bottom.
     A molten alloy of copper, crude aluminium and
    silicon is used as the anode. It forms the lower
    most layer in the cell.
     The middle layer consists of molten mixture of
    fluorides, of sodium aluminium and barium
    (cryolite + BaF2). The upper most layer consists
    of molten aluminium. A set if graphite rods
    dipping in molten aluminium serve as cathode.
    Uses Properties

    Overhead electric cables Low density, light


    Resistant to corrosion (protected
    by aluminium oxide)
    Good electrical conductivity
    Food containers Non-toxic
    Resistant to corrosion
    Good conductor of heat

    Low density, light


    Aircraft body High tensile strength
    Resistant to corrosion
     We mine iron ore from iron mines. Iron
    ore (haematite) is iron (iii) oxide, Fe2O3.
     Carbon, C is the main reducing agent in the
    metal extraction process.
     The extraction is carried out in a blast
    furnace. The metal ore is mixed with coke
    and limestone, CaCO3 .
     Hot water is pumped into the blast
    furnace to burn the carbon and produce
    carbon monoxide, CO.
     2C + O2 → 2CO

     Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2


    2Fe2O3 + 3C → 4Fe +3CO2

    Limestone or calcium carbonate, CaCO3


    reacts with impurities such as silica in the
    metal ores. Slag is formed.
    CaCO3 + SiO2 → CaSiO3 + CO2
     Slag floats on top of the molten metal
    and is removed. The molten metal is
    collected at the bottom part of the
    blast furnace.
    Extracting iron in industry
    • Making useful steel for construction,
    automobiles, and other forms of
    transportation such as trucks, trains and
    train tracks.
    • Powdered iron: used in metallurgy
    products, magnets, high-frequency cores,
    auto parts, catalyst.
    • Radioactive iron (iron 59): in medicine,
    tracer element in biochemical and
    metallurgical research.
    -THE END-

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