AP Unit 1 Question Bank

MALLA REDDY UNIVERSITY
Applied Physics (AP)

Unit-1
LASER AND FIBER OPTICS
LASERS
1. What do you understand by LASER?

Answer: The word LASER stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of
Radiation. It is a device which is used to produce monochromatic, collimated,
unidirectional, intense and highly coherent beam of light with small divergence.
2. What is the principle of laser?
Answer: The principle of laser depends on the phenomenon of stimulated emission
3. What is the principle of laser?
Answer: The principle of laser depends on the phenomenon of stimulated emission
4. What is absorption of radiation?
Answer: Absorption is the process of raising the atom to its excited state by which a
photon is absorbed by the atom.
5. What do you understand by spontaneous emission?
Answer: When an atom in its excited state energy state E2 makes a transition to its
ground state E1 by emitting a photon of energy E2 - E1 without any outside influence,
then it is known as spontaneous emission of radiation.
6. Why is spontaneous emission incoherent?
Answer: Spontaneous emission is incoherent because during spontaneous emission
radiation is a random mixture of quanta with various wavelengths. This is why waves
neither coincide in wavelength nor in phase.
7. What is stimulated emission?
Answer: Stimulated emission is the process by which an atom is induced with photon
to make transition from higher energy level to lower energy level by emitting an
additional photon of same energy.
8. What is population inversion?
Answer: To increase the probability of stimulated emission, the number of atoms in
higher energy state (N2) must be made greater than the number of atoms in lower
energy state (N1). This is called population inversion.
9. What is pumping?
Answer: The process by which we can raise atoms from lower energy state to higher
energy state is known as pumping.
Short Answer Type Questions

1. What is a LASER? Who invented the first laser and when?
2. Name the characteristics of laser light.
3. Explain spatial and temporal coherence with suitable diagram.
4. What is pumping?
5. Give the name of different types of pumping.
6. What are the differences between ordinary light and monochromatic light?
7. What is active medium?
8. Why it is easier to achieve the lasing action in a four-level system compared to a three-
level system?
9. Why is He–Ne laser superior to Ruby laser?
10. Give some examples of laser
Long Answer Type Questions
1. What do you mean by LASER? Explain spontaneous and stimulated emission of
radiations.
2. What is the principle of laser? Explain the characteristics which differentiate and
make laser light useful compared to normal light.
3. What do you understand by pumping? Explain various types of pumping with
suitable examples.
4. Explain the basic components of laser system

FIBER OPTICS
1. What do you understand by fiber optics?
Answer: Fiber optics is made of glass or plastic pipes as thin as human hair, through
which light can be propagated. It consists of essentially three regions. The innermost
region is known as core. It is made of glass or plastic. The middle region which covers
the core with another layer of glass or plastic is called the cladding. The outermost region
is called jacket. It is also made of plastic or polymers.
2. What is the principle of fiber optics?
Answer: Fiber optics is based on the principle of total internal reflection (TIR) so that
optical signal can travel long distances with negligible loss.
3. Give the necessary conditions for total internal reflection.
Answer: The necessary conditions for total internal reflection are as follows:
• Light wave should be propagated from denser medium to rarer.
• The angle of incident should be greater than critical angle
4. What is acceptance angle and numerical aperture?
Answer: The maximum angle at which light entering the core is transmitted through the
fiber and propagated without being refracted is known as acceptance angle. The sine of
acceptance angle is known as numerical aperture
5. How is light transmitted through fiber optics?
Answer: When the light signal is incident on the core and makes an angle of incidence
greater than the critical angle of the core- cladding surface, multiple total internal
reflection phenomena occurs. In this way, light signals can be propagated or transmitted
through the fiber.

6. What do you understand by modes of propagation?
Answer: When light ray travels along different ray paths in fiber, these paths are known
as modes of propagation.
Short Answer Type Questions
1. Explain the basic structure of an optical fiber.
2. Why is refractive index of core higher than that of the cladding?
3. What is the use of the cladding in fiber optics?
4. What is step index fiber?
5. What do you mean by mode of propagation?
6. What is the physical significance of V-number?
7. Give the name of different types of optical fiber.
8. What do you understand by dispersion?
9. Distinguish between step index and graded index fiber.
10. Give two applications of optical fiber.
11. What is the principle of optical fiber?
Long Answer Type Questions
1. What is the principle of optical fiber? Explain different types of fiber with suitable diagrams.
2. What do you mean by optical fiber? Explain the propagation mechanism in optical fiber.
3. What is the mode of propagation? Give some examples of fiber optics.
4. Explain acceptance angle, acceptance cone, numerical aperture and critical angle for an
optical fiber.
5. What is the principle of holography? Explain its applications.
6. Describe hexagonal close pack structure.
7. What are the characteristics and applications of laser?

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MALLA REDDY UNIVERSITY

Applied Physics (AP)

1. What do you understand by LASER?

Short Answer Type Questions

2. Name the characteristics of laser light.

3. Explain spatial and temporal coherence with suitable diagram.

5. Give the name of different types of pumping.

7. What is active medium?

9. Why is He–Ne laser superior to Ruby laser?

10. Give some examples of laser

Long Answer Type Questions

1. What do you mean by LASER? Explain spontaneous and stimulated emission of

make laser light useful compared to normal light.

3. What do you understand by pumping? Explain various types of pumping with

4. Explain the basic components of laser system

1. What do you understand by fiber optics?

is called jacket. It is also made of plastic or polymers.

2. What is the principle of fiber optics?

optical signal can travel long distances with negligible loss.

3. Give the necessary conditions for total internal reflection.

• Light wave should be propagated from denser medium to rarer.

• The angle of incident should be greater than critical angle

4. What is acceptance angle and numerical aperture?

acceptance angle is known as numerical aperture

5. How is light transmitted through fiber optics?

through the fiber.

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Explain the basic structure of an optical fiber.

2. Why is refractive index of core higher than that of the cladding?

3. What is the use of the cladding in fiber optics?

4. What is step index fiber?

5. What do you mean by mode of propagation?

6. What is the physical significance of V-number?

7. Give the name of different types of optical fiber.

8. What do you understand by dispersion?

9. Distinguish between step index and graded index fiber.

10. Give two applications of optical fiber.

11. What is the principle of optical fiber?

Long Answer Type Questions

3. What is the mode of propagation? Give some examples of fiber optics.

5. What is the principle of holography? Explain its applications.

6. Describe hexagonal close pack structure.

7. What are the characteristics and applications of laser?

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