Distilation and Flash Vaporization
Distilation and Flash Vaporization
Distilation and Flash Vaporization
DISTILLATION
Calculation methods for bubble point and dew point..
In multicomponent systems:
Ki or mi=distribution coeffisien yi/xi, for ideal solution = Pi/Pt
Read and give analysis example 9.3 treybal and 22.1 Mc.Cabe
DISTILLATION
Differential Distillation
Fuel Gas
Lubricating Oil
Residue
a = (y*/(1-y*))/(x/(1-x)) = y*(1-x)/x(1-y*)
a = separation factor; a = 1 means ?
Fig 2 Diagram PTC for binary system
Fig 2 A Diagram TXY for binary system Fig 2B Diagram XY for binary system
Ideal Solution, Raoults Law
For a component :
Partial pressure at equilibrium (p*) equal to vapor pressure (P)
pA* = PAx dan pB* = PB(1 - x) Pt = pA* + pB* = PAx + PB(1-x)
x = (Pt-PB)/(PA-PB)
a = PA/PB y* = pA*/Pt
y* = PAx/Pt
Example for drawing x-y diagram
Bubble point(1 atm) n-heptane = 98,4oC and n-octane= 125,6oC. Draw
equilibrium x-y* diagram between those two temperatures.
T,oC PAmmHg PBmmHg x y*
98,4 760 333 1,0 1,0
105 940 417 0,65 0,81
110 1050 484 0,48 0,67
115 1200 561 0,31 0,49 Draw as x-y diagram
120 1350 650 0,16 0,28
125,6 1540 760 0,0 0,0
Enthalpy-Concentration Diagram
Enthalpy of liquid can be calculated by using eq:
HL = CL(tL t0)MAV + HS
HL = liq entalphy, CL =liq heat capacity, tL =liq temp
HS =heat of solution
Enthalpy of gas :
HG =y[CLAMA(tG-t0)+ AMA]+(1-y)[CLBMB(tG-t0)+BMB]
CLA=heat capacity of A, HS=heat of solution,tG=Boiling point
=latent heat
See HXY diagram in figure 3
Figure 3 Diagram HXY for binary system
SINGLE STAGE OPERATION - FLASH VAPORIZATION
Principles :
- Vaporization of part of liquid
- equilibrium reached
- separation of liquid and gas phase
Steps:
- Heating of feed
- reducing pressure
- Separation of liquid and gas in the separator
Figure 4 Single Stage Flash Vaporization
Material Balance
F =D + W
FzF = DyD + WxW
FHF + Q = DHD + WHW
simultaneously:
W yD zF H (H F Q/F)
D
D x W z F H W (H F Q/F)
Component PJ m zF y*D xW
W/D=3 W/D=
A 1370 1.803 0,5 0,75
B 550 0,25
C 200 0,25
Fill in !!!!
For F = 100 mol, W/D = ===> W = mol,
D= mol
Composition in W is xW and D is y*D
Assigment 2 :