Noun group choice

Noun group

noun pronoun

personal or
proper nouns common nouns demonstrative indefinite pronoun
pronoun

specific determiner general determiner

 Women tend not to have as much money as men. subject
I couldn't feel anger against him. They were teachers. objectcomplement
Let us work together in peace. prepositions

I worked in London at Christmas one year. &

Mary likes strawberries.
I went to Tsinghua University and then went down to Shanghai to work for a psychiatrist.
Reagans American, isnt he?
Could I speak to Sue, please?-Im sorry, she doesnt work here now.
& Ive got two boys, and looking at them I can see a little bit of myself.
This led to widespread criticism.
I had to say something.

In this country nobody trusts anyone.

A moment later, his heart seemed to stop as she sensed the sudden movement of someone
rushing into the hut.

I met a girl who was a student here.

There are some diseases that are clearly inherited.
Have you got any comment to make about that?

I put my arm round her shoulders.

...the destruction of their city.
She came in to see me this morning.

modifiers
A big city
Blue ink
He opened the car door
The oil industry

qualifiers
a girl in a red dress
The man who is teaching me/who employed me
The room upstairs
The desire to kill
The minister responsible for national security
The three cards lying on the table.
strong feelings of jealousy.
a picture of house. of
the arrival of the police.

Noun Class
Things which can be
counted.
plural& singular
determiner happiness the moon/air/sun/
a bird; birds equipment ground/past/future

count nouns

clothes; scissors; Mary; London;
goods the staff; the public United States


The specific way : using possessive determiners

Table of possessive determiners

personal pronouns object pronouns possessive determiners
person

i we me us my our

you you you you your your

he, she, it they him, her, it them his, her, its their
:

1. Position

all his letters.

+ +
predeterminers possessive determiners nouns

my little finger.

possessive determiners
+
adjective
+
nouns

our two lifeboats.

+ +
possessive determiners numbers nouns
:

2.

I took off the my shoes. x

I took off my shoes. o
I took off the shoes. o
:

=
A. I remember his name now.
B. They would be welcome to use our library.
C. l'd been waiting a long time to park my car.

/
A. Are your children bilingual?
B. It's his brother who has the workshop.

A. ...not long after our arrival.
B. ...his criticism of the Goverment.
C. ...their fight for survival.
D. I'm waiting for your explanation.
E. Most of their claims were worthy.
:

A. he congratulated me on my appointment as editor of the Dispatch.
B. ...the redistribution of wealth , rather than its creation.
C. They expressed their horror at her dismissal.
D. ...Birch and his supporters.

A. They then turned their attention to other things.
B. ...the vitality of our music and our culture.
C. In summer, hay fever interfered with all her activities.
:

3.
agreement with noun

I took off my shoes.

Her husband remained standing. He had his hands in his pockets.
She had to give up her job.
The group held its first meeting last week .
The creature lifted its head.
...the two dark menglasses in their hands , waiting sllently.
...the car companies and their workers.
:

3. own
+ own +
possessive determiners nouns
I helped him to some more whisky but left my own glass untouched.
Residents are allowed to bring their own furniture with them if they wish to do so.
Make your own decisions.
I heard it with my own ears.
She felt in charge of her own affairs.

+ +
own
numbers nouns
...their own three children.
...the Doctor's own two rooms.
:

3.
+the+
A. ...so I encouraged him and I Patted him on the head.
B. She hit him smartly and swiftly on the head.
C. He took her by the arm and began drawing her firmly but gently away.
D. Andrew laughed , hitting himself on the knee.
E. We can pat ourselves on the back for bring up our children.
+
A. She has something on her feet and a bag in her hand.
B. Nancy suddenly took my arm.
C. They can't turn their heads.
D. She thanked him shyly and patted his arm.
E. I opened the cupboard and they fell on my head.
F. She was brushing her hair.
G. She gritted her teeth and carried on.
H. He walked into the kitchen and shook his head.
the
The specific way : using definite article-- the

Pronunciation

//
the dictionary...the first act...the big box.

//
the exhibition...the effect...the impression.

/i/
But you must come with us. Its the club to go to.
You actually met the George Harrison?
the
The specific way : using definite article-- the
The+:

Background Why?
She dropped the can into the grass.
1.
The girls were not in the house.
The expedition sailed out into the Pacific
we went on camel rides to the Pyramids.
The sun began to turn crimson. 2.
In April and May the wind blows steadily.
We are going to miss you in the university.
Mrs Robertson heard that the Church had been bombed.
Theres wind coming off the river. 3.
Weve had to get rid of of the director.
The mayor is a forty-eight-year-old former labourer.
What is the President doing about all this?
 The++:
-- --
1. This is the main bedroom.
2. somebody ought to have done it long ago, ' remarked the fat man.
3.
4.
After the crossroads look out for the large white building.
The astonished waiter was now watching from the other end of the room

5. The loss of pressure caused the speeding car to go into a skid.

1. Ill pick the cheaper one of the two.

2. Which card will Sergio Agero get for this dangerous tackle ? -
The yellow card or the red card?
3. The black one is my preferred choice.

The++:

1. There is disorder among the papers on his desk.

2. The book that I recommend now costs over three pounds.
3. The thing to aim for is an office of your own.
4. Who made the bed in the room upstairs.
5. It depends on the person being interviewed.
GeneralizingThe+

For him, the stage was just a way of earning a living.

He was as dashing in real life as he was on the screen.
They do not hesitate to break the law.
How long does it take on the train?
We rang for the ambulance.
Geoff play the piano for hours.
Too often these writings dwell on how to protect the therapist
rather than on how to cure the patient.

The swift has long , narrow wings.

Australia is the home of the kangaroo.
These arteries supply the heart with blood.
It is irritating when breathed into the lungs.
GeneralizingThe+

the help that's given to the blind.

No effort is made to cater for the needs of the elderly.
the task of rescuing the injured
Working with the young is stimulating and full of surprises.
Providing care for the sick, the aged, the workless and the poor.
The rich have benefited much more than the poor.

Don't you think that you're wanting the impossible?
The policy is a mixture of the old and the new.
...pleasures known only to the few.
a coup under the leadership of the select few.
even the few who are forced to sell out get compensation. The+
We have done the little that is in our power.
The men sat at one end of the table and the women at the other.


The+superlative adjectives
Edith Evans was the finest actress of our time.
They went to the most expensive restaurant in town.

The+
I'm going to have the green one.
The shop was different from the one I remembered
...a pair of those old glassesthe ones with those funny square lenses.
It is a mistake to confuse the two.
Why is she so different from the other two?

The+
I am interested in education of young children. X
I am interested in the education of young children. O
Babies need the comfort of their mothers arms. O
I have no idea about the geography of Scotland. O
 I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they/me/you/him/her/it/us/you/them
personal pronouns

:mine/yours/hers/his/ours/yours/theirs
pronoun posscssive pronouns

:myself/yourself/herself/himself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves
reflexive pronouns

:this/that/these/those
demonstrative pronouns

: any/every/some/no+body/one/thing
indefinite pronouns

:each other/one another

reciprocal nronouns

:who/whom/which/that()
relative pronouns

who/whom/whose/what/which
intermgative pronouns

Ask questionsinterrogative pronouns

interrogative pfonouns who whose whom what '

which ' whose which
where when why how '

Who was at the door?

there is a car outside. whose is it?
A duel, Pa? whom did he fight?
What are you doing?
Which came first? The chicken or the egg?


who whose Whom

he lost his wife. who? Terry?

He looked at the cat. whose is it? Have you ever seen it before?
to whom, if I may ask, are you engaged to be married to Johnny.

which' what

is there really a difference? Which do you prefer?

what did he want? Cindys address.

reported questions

I asked her who she had been talking to.

He wondered what Johnny would do now.

Joining clauses together : relative pronouns

who whom which thatrelative clauses

relative pronouns ) o

' Who whom

' Who
Mathematician who are concerned with very difficult problems.
a men I met recently.
whom who ,
w hom
Theres a woman over there who I cant help noticing.
He is the man who I saw last night.
who
whom
That s the man who I gave it to.
those whom we can not talk to.
whom
A man for whom I have immense respect.
which

A region which was threatened by growing poverty.

Two horses which he owned.
The house in which I was born.

' which

T hat
the games that politicians play.
He is the boy that sang the solo last night.
It was the first bed that she had ever had slept in.

That

' Whose
' whose
' Whose
the thousands whose lives have been damaged.
There was a chap there whose name Ive forgotten.
Predictions whose accuracy will have to be confirmed.
sharks, whose brains are minute.