Modules 1 and 2bridge Hydrology and Hydraulics

DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR
AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
WORKSHOP ON DETAILED
ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR BRIDGE
PROJECTS
Modules 1 & 2 - Hydrology and Roadway
Drainage
07 11 August 2017
Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan 1. VISION & POSITIONING
BUT WAIT! LET US HAVE
A PRE-TEST FIRST
Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

COURSE CONTENT
WORKSHOPS
1. Catchment area delineation
I. HYDROLOGY MODULE
Ridge
1. Definition of terms
Depression
2. Data sourcing
Catchment area delineation
3. Catchment Areas Delineation
2. Design runoff calculation
4. Understanding Storm Return
The Rational Formula
Period
The Unit Hydrograph
5. Design Runoff calculation
HEC-HMS
6. Roadway drainage
Safety Moment House Rules

COURSE CONTENT
II. HYDRAULICS
2. Introduction to roadway WORKSHOPS
drainage 1. Design of roadway side drain
RCP vs RCBC 2. Design of culvert crossing
RCBC vs Bridge 3. Hydraulic analysis of bridges
4. Culvert Hydraulics HECRAS
Data requirement
Mannings Equation
Culvert calculators
5. Introduction to HECRAS

COURSE CONTENT
I. HYDROLOGY MODULE WORKSHOPS

1. Definition of terms 1. Catchment area delineation
2. Data sourcing Ridge
3. Catchment Areas Delineation Depression
4. Understanding Storm Return Catchment area delineation
Period 2. Design runoff calculation
5. Design Runoff calculation The Rational Formula
6. Roadway drainage The Unit Hydrograph
HEC-HMS

I. Hydrology Module
1. Definition of
Terms
Evaporation
- is the process of a substance in a
liquid state changing to a gaseous
state due to an increase in
temperature and/or pressure.
Evaporation is a fundamental part

of the water cycle and is constantly
occurring throughout nature.
The
Hydrologic
Cycle
1. Definition of
Terms
Condensation
- Condensation is the change of
the physical state of matter from
gaseous state into liquid state, and
is the reverse of evaporation. The
word most often refers to the water
cycle.
The
Hydrologic
Cycle
1. Definition of
Terms
Precipitation
- is any product of the
condensation of atmospheric water
vapor that falls under gravity.
*Fog and mist are not precipitation

but suspensions, because the water
vapor does not condense
sufficiently to precipitate.
*Short, intense periods of rain in
scattered locations are called
"showers."
Rain
1. Definition of
Terms
Runoff
- (also known as overland flow) is
the flow of water that occurs when
excess rainfall flows over the earths
surface.
*This occurs because soil is saturated to full capacity,

or because rain arrives more quickly than the soil can
absorb, or because imperviousness produces runoff
to surrounding soil that cannot absorb all of it.
Surface Runoff
1. Definition of
Terms
River discharge
- is the volume of water flowing
through a river channel. This is the
total volume of water flowing
through a channel at any given
point and is measured in cubic
metres per second (m3/s).
*The discharge from a drainage basin or catchment

depends on precipitation (rainfall), evapotranspiration
and storage factors.
The
Hydrologic
Cycle
1. Definition of
Terms
Storm Return Period
- A return period, also known as a recurrence interval (sometimes repeat
interval) is an estimate of the likelihood of an event, such as an extreme rainfall,
earthquake, or a river discharge flow to occur.
The term "100-year flood" is used in an attempt to simplify the definition of

a flood that statistically has a 1-percent chance of occurring in any given
year. Likewise, the term "100-year storm" is used to define a rainfall event
that statistically has this same 1-percent chance of occurring

1. Definition of
Terms
Catchment area
- A drainage basin or catchment
basin is an extent or an area of land
where all surface water from rain,
converges to a single point at a
lower elevation, usually the exit of
the basin, where the waters join
another body of water, such as a
river, lake, reservoir, sea, or ocean.
Catchment
Area
COURSE CONTENT
WORKSHOPS
I. HYDROLOGY MODULE
Ridge
Depression
2. Data sourcing
Period
The Unit Hydrograph
HEC-HMS
6. Roadway drainage

2. Data Sources
METEOROLOGICAL DATA
PAGASA Flood Forecasting Unit
Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon City
1. Rainfall Intensity Duration
Frequency Data
2. Climatological normals Bureau of Research and Standards
Department of Public Works and Highways
Port Area, Manila
Data request requirements

Formal letter stating purpose/ use of data
Payment

COURSE CONTENT
WORKSHOPS
I. HYDROLOGY MODULE
Ridge
Depression
2. Data sourcing
Period
The Unit Hydrograph
HEC-HMS
6. Roadway drainage

WORKSHOPS
I. HYDROLOGY MODULE
Ridge
Depression
2. Data sourcing
Period
The Unit Hydrograph
HEC-HMS
6. Roadway drainage
Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan check

4. Understanding Flood Frequency
WORKSHOPS
I. HYDROLOGY MODULE
Ridge
Depression
2. Data sourcing
4. Understanding Flood
Frequency (Storm Return
The Unit Hydrograph
Period)
HEC-HMS
6. Roadway drainage

FLOOD FLOWS: UNDERSTANDING FLOOD FREQUENCY

Site specific rainfall data

Determining Site Specific Rainfall intensity Duration
Frequency Data (RIDF)
WHAT IF YOU WANT TO DETERMINE THE SITE

SPECIFIC RIDF?
Distance Weighing Method
Mall
Introduction to HECRAS of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan
Distance Weighing Method Where:
Weighted average using the
P = rainfall intensity of the reference
reciprocals of the sum of square of
station/s
the horizontal distance (easting) and
Dx = easting distance
the vertical distance (northing)
Dy = northing distance
represented by the equation:
W = weighing number = 1/D2
D2 = (Dx)2 + (Dy)2 The estimated rainfall at point of

interest is:
Pi = sum of P x W / Sum of W

Distance Weighing Method
Weighted average using the reciprocals of the
sum of square of the horizontal distance
Dx
(easting) and the vertical distance (northing)
represented by the equation:
D2 = (Dx)2 + (Dy)2 Dy
Dx Dx
Where:
Dy
Dy
Dx = easting distance
Dy = northing distance
W = weighing number = 1/D2
The estimated rainfall at point of interest is:
Pi = sum of P x W / Sum of W
Mall
Introduction to HECRAS of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan
WORKSHOPS
I. HYDROLOGY MODULE
Ridge
Depression
2. Data sourcing
Period
The Unit Hydrograph
5. Runoff calculation
HEC-HMS
6. Roadway drainage

Runoff calculation by the Rational Formula
WORKSHOPS DATA
1. Catchment area delineation 1. NAMRIA MAP
Ridge 2. RIDF DATA
Depression 2. C= 0.25
Catchment area delineation REQUIRED OUTPUT
2. Design runoff calculation 1. Catchment area
The Rational Formula 2. Length of stream
The Unit Hydrograph 3. H1 and H2
HEC-HMS 4. 1:25 year Discharge

COURSE CONTENT
II. HYDRAULICS
Data requirement
Mannings Equation
Culvert calculators

COURSE CONTENT
II. HYDRAULICS
Data requirement
Mannings Equation
Culvert calculators

1. Definition of
Terms
Drainage
- Drainage is the natural or artificial
removal of a surfaces and its sub-
surface water from an area.
RCPC
Sub-soil Drain
RCBC
1. Definition of
Terms
Bridge
- a structure carrying a road, path,
railroad, or canal across a river,
ravine, road, railroad, or other
obstacle. Patapat Bridge
San Juanico Bridge

Tulay Bridge
1. Definition of
Terms
Bridge
- a structure carrying a road, path,
railroad, or canal across a river,
ravine, road, railroad, or other
obstacle. Name of bridge?
Bamboo bridge
Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan Destroyed Bridge
COURSE CONTENT
II. HYDRAULICS
Data requirement
Mannings Equation
Culvert calculators

COURSE CONTENT
2. RCPC against RCBC
1. In terms of hydraulic efficiency, circular section is the best
geometrical sections among all. Therefore, for relative small
discharge, precast concrete pipes (or ductile iron pipes) are
normally used which are circular in shape.
2. RC pipes are very easy and fast to install.
3. RCPC normally requires about 0.60m of soil cover. This is
already considered as loss of available head which is very
critical in flat areas.
4. RC Pipes are fabricated in one meter length. Even for
experienced contractors, the joints normally the weakest link.
Leaks causes piping and loss of backfill, and hence settlement
of the pipes.

COURSE CONTENT
1. RCBC sizes can be customized according to conveyance capacity
2. Fabrication of precast Box culverts can be segmented in more
than 1 meter in length (a 5m 2 x 2 RCBC can be installed in one
piece using appropriate lifting.
3. RCBC may not require soil cover. The top slab can be the
running surface, hence more head will be available.
4. Lower hydraulic efficiency than pipe culverts
5. RCBC are generally more expensive in terms of per cubic meter
conveyance capacity compared to RCPC.

COURSE CONTENT
2. RCBC against Bridge
1. In most cases box culvert structures can be easier to install and
cheaper than a bridge structure, and can have fewer geotech
issues, often reducing the need for piling and expensive below
ground or in-situ works.
2. Multi-cell box culvert units can also be used where customers
require longer spans, particularly in flood plain situations.
3. Fabrication of precast Box culverts can be segmented in more
than 1 meter in length. Larger size segments can be easily
installed using appropriate lifting. Bridges may take a lot
longer to construct.
4. Multi cell RCBC may be easily clogged than a bridge

COURSE CONTENT
2. RCBC against Bridge
1. Bridge can accommodate larger flows than RCBC.
2. Multi cell RCBC may be easily clogged than a bridge
3. In terms of cost, bridge is a lot more expensive

COURSE CONTENT
(RULE THUMB)
1. RCPC is used for small discharges ranging from less than 1m3/s
to 5 m3/s.
2. For flows greater than 5 m3/s but less than 10 m3/s, RCBC may
be used. However, this depends on the width of the existing
river regime to be crossed
3. If the width of the stream to be crossed is more than 10 meter,
and depth of waterway is more than 5m, a (slab) bridge may be
more advantageous.

COURSE CONTENT
II. HYDRAULICS
Data requirement
Mannings Equation
Culvert calculators

COURSE CONTENT
II. HYDRAULICS
Data requirement
Mannings Equation
Culvert calculators
http://onlinecalc.sdsu.edu/

Modules 1 and 2bridge Hydrology and Hydraulics

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DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR

AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

Safety Moment House Rules

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

I. HYDROLOGY MODULE WORKSHOPS

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

Evaporation is a fundamental part

*Fog and mist are not precipitation

*This occurs because soil is saturated to full capacity,

*The discharge from a drainage basin or catchment

The term "100-year flood" is used in an attempt to simplify the definition of

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

Data request requirements

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan check

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan check

FLOOD FLOWS: UNDERSTANDING FLOOD FREQUENCY

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

Site specific rainfall data

WHAT IF YOU WANT TO DETERMINE THE SITE

Distance Weighing Method

D2 = (Dx)2 + (Dy)2 The estimated rainfall at point of

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

The estimated rainfall at point of interest is:

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan check

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

San Juanico Bridge

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

Mall of Asia Reclamation Master Development Plan

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