Antipyretics
Antipyretics
Antipyretics
ANTIPYRETICS
• Antipyretics are drugs
capable of reducing body
temperatures in patients
with fever
• Antipyretics do not reduce
normal body temperature
INDUCTION OF FEVER
Commonly used antipyretics
• Aspirin
• ƒIbuprofen
• ƒMetamizol
• ƒParacetamol
ASPIRIN
• Acetyl salicylic acid
• MA: inhibits biosynthesis of PGE2
• Well absorbed → hydrolyzed in the liver →
salicylic acid → excreted through the
kidney
• Dosage (as antipyretic):
1. ƒadult: 325 – 650 mg every 4 – 6 h
2. ƒchildren: 10 mg/kg BW every 4 – 6 h
(max. ≤ 3,6 g/day)
• Over-the-counter (OTC) drug
Side effects
• G
ƒ I disturbance: abdominal pain,
nausea, dyspepsia, gastric/duodenal
ulcer, diarrhea
• Inhibition of platelet aggregation →
prolonged bleeding time
• Reye’s syndrome: may occur (rare)
if aspirin is given to children with
viral infection.
• Symptoms: coma, seizure, cerebral
edema, multi-organ failure and
death
• Salicylate intoxication →
“salicylism” characterized by
vomiting, tinnitus, hearing loss,
hyperventilation, vertigo.
• Tinnitus usually occur when
plasma level of salicylic acid
reaches 200-450 μg/mL
(antipyreic dose of aspirin →
plasma level of < 60 μg/mL)
IBUPROFEN
• Is a derivative or propionic
acid
• Analgesic and antipyretic
effect: equal to aspirin
• Antiinflammatory effect: less
than aspirin
• Side effect: GI disturbances
(less than aspirin)
Methampyron (dipyron,
metamizole)
• Is a pyrazolon derivative with weak
antiinflammatory effect
• SE: agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia,
thrombocytopenia → prohibited in many
countries
• Indication:
1. Analgesic and antipyretic for conditions
failing to respond to the more safe agents
2. When parenteral administration is
needed
Paracetamol (acetaminophen)