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H U W V 2g Z: Permeability and Seepage

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Amira Syazana

This document discusses permeability and seepage, beginning with an overview of Bernoulli's equation and definitions of key terms like head loss, hydraulic gradient, and Darcy's law. It then covers permeability testing methods including constant-head tests, falling-head tests, and field pumping tests from wells. Empirical relationships are presented for estimating the coefficient of permeability based on soil type and properties. Methods for calculating equivalent permeability across soil layers are also described.

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H U W V 2g Z: Permeability and Seepage

Uploaded by

Amira Syazana
69 views14 pages
This document discusses permeability and seepage, beginning with an overview of Bernoulli's equation and definitions of key terms like head loss, hydraulic gradient, and Darcy's law. It then covers permeability testing methods including constant-head tests, falling-head tests, and field pumping tests from wells. Empirical relationships are presented for estimating the coefficient of permeability based on soil type and properties. Methods for calculating equivalent permeability across soil layers are also described.

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This document discusses permeability and seepage, beginning with an overview of Bernoulli's equation and definitions of key terms like head loss, hydraulic gradient, and Darcy's law. It then covers permeability testing methods including constant-head tests, falling-head tests, and field pumping tests from wells. Empirical relationships are presented for estimating the coefficient of permeability based on soil type and properties. Methods for calculating equivalent permeability across soil layers are also described.

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© All Rights Reserved
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
69 views14 pages

H U W V 2g Z: Permeability and Seepage

Uploaded by

Amira Syazana
This document discusses permeability and seepage, beginning with an overview of Bernoulli's equation and definitions of key terms like head loss, hydraulic gradient, and Darcy's law. It then covers permeability testing methods including constant-head tests, falling-head tests, and field pumping tests from wells. Empirical relationships are presented for estimating the coefficient of permeability based on soil type and properties. Methods for calculating equivalent permeability across soil layers are also described.

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You are on page 1/ 14

PERMEABILITY AND SEEPAGE

Chapter 4

Bernoulli’s equation:

2
u v
h   Z
w 2g
Elevation head

Pressure head Velocity head

1
Piezometric level

2
u v
h   Z
w 2g

ignored

Head Loss:

h  hA  hB

Hydraulic gradient
h    ZA     ZB
uA uB
h  w   w 
i 
L

2
Most soils can be considered to
have laminar flow except
fractured rock, stones, gravels
and coarse sands (turbulent)

Darcy’s Law: Coef. permeability

v  k i
Discharged velocity

3
Coefficient of Permeability, k (geologist = hydraulic conductivity)

w 
Absolute permeability
k  K

Viscosity of water

4
Why do we want to know coefficient of permeability, k?

5
Lab Tests

Constant-Head Test
Volume of water collected
Q L
k 
A h t Length of sample

time

Area of cross-section

• Suitable for coarse-grained soils (high k)

6
Lab Tests
a
Falling-Head Test

 log 
a L h1 
k  2.303 
A t  h2 

• Suitable for fine-grained soils

7
Effect of temperature of water on k

k20C     kTC
TC

 20C 

8
Empirical Relations for k

For loose, clean sand:


k (cm/sec) = cD102 c = constant (1.0 – 1.5)

For medium-clean sand:


k = at void ratio, e
k = 1.4e2k0.85
k0.85 = at void ratio of 0.85

For sandy soil:


k = C2D102.32Cu0.6 e3 C2 = constant
1+e
For normally consolidated clay:

k = C3 en C3 and n = constant (experiment)


1+e

9
Equivalent permeability

 
1
k   k
 H1  k  H2  k  H3  k  Hn
H( eq) H H1 H2 H3 Hn

Parallel with soil layers

10
H
k 
V( eq)
 H1    H2    H3     Hn 
k  k  k  k 
 V1   V2   V3   Vn 

Across soil layers

11
Permeability Test in Field by pumping from Wells

 r1 
10 
2.303 q  log
k 
 
r2 q = rate of flow

   h    h  
2 2
 1 2 

12

q  log  
r1 
10 r2 
k 

2.727 H h  h
1 
2

13
Coefficient of Permeability from Auger Holes (slug tests)


k  
40   r   y 
   y    t 
  20     2   
L y
 r  L 

14

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