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  • Anatomy of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

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    Donna Labaniego
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    The document discusses the anatomy of the head and neck relevant to otorhinolaryngology. It covers the anatomy of the ear including the external, middle and inner ear. It then covers the nose and paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx including the naso, oro, and hypopharynx. It also discusses the larynx and neck regions. The key structures and functions of each area are described in detail.

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    The document discusses the anatomy of the head and neck relevant to otorhinolaryngology. It covers the anatomy of the ear including the external, middle and inner ear. It then covers the nose and paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx including the naso, oro, and hypopharynx. It also discusses the larynx and neck regions. The key structures and functions of each area are described in detail.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    31 views44 pages

    Anatomy of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

    Uploaded by

    Donna Labaniego
    The document discusses the anatomy of the head and neck relevant to otorhinolaryngology. It covers the anatomy of the ear including the external, middle and inner ear. It then covers the nose and paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx including the naso, oro, and hypopharynx. It also discusses the larynx and neck regions. The key structures and functions of each area are described in detail.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 44

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    ANATOMY OF
    OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY –
    HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
    +
    OBJECTIVES

     TO
    DISCUSS THE BASIC ANATOMY RELEVANT IN
    ORL-HNS
     EAR (EXTERNAL, MIDDLE, INNER)
     NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES
     ORAL CAVITY
     PHARYNX (NASO/ORO/HYPOPHARYNX)
     LARYNX
     NECK
    +

    EAR
    EXTERNAL EAR
    MIDDLE EAR
    INNER EAR
    EAR CANAL
    Lateral 1/3 is cartilaginos (cerumen glands and hair follicles)
    Medial 2/3 are bony (no cerumen or hair follicles)

    The blood supply for the auricle are the branches of ECA:
    superficial temporal artery and posterior auricular
    +
    PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS OF
    OUTER EAR
     Acidic pH 6.0-6.5

     Migratory nature of keratin debris

     Normal flora (staph auricularis, staph epidermidis,


    corynebacterium, streptococcus, enterococcus, rarely
    pseudomonas and fungi)
    3 layers of TM:
    1. Keratinized squamous epithelium
    2. Middle fibrous
    3. Middle ear mucosa
    EUSTACHIAN TUBE
     2/3 CARTILAGINOUS
     1/3 BONY

    AGING LEADS TO INCREASED SLOPE OF THE


    TUBE, AS WELL AS INCREASED LENGTH,
    DIAMETER, AND EFFICIENCY OF THE OPENING
    Vestibular anatomy and physiology

    Semicircular canals (coplanar) – angular accelometers


    1. Horizontal canals
    2. Left anterior (superior), right posterior
    3. Right anterior (superior), left posterior

    Otolithic organs (linear accelometers)


    Saccule: vertical acceleration
    Utricle: horizontal acceleration, head tilt
    + NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES
    +

    FUNCTIONS OF THE NOSE:


     OLFACTION, VOICE RESONANCE, HUMIDIFICATION, TEMP
    CONTROL, CLEANSING

    PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM: ANTERIOR


    BORDER BEGINS AT THE LUMEN NASI;
    CILIARY ACTIVITY - CAUSES THE TRANSPORT OF MUCUS, AN
    ESSENTIAL DEFENSE MECHANISM, AT A FREQUENCY OF 10-15
    BEATS/MIN AND MUCOUS BLANKET STREAMS AT A RATE OF 2.5-7.5
    ML/MIN

    TURBINATES ARE THE LATERAL BONY PROJECTIONS THAT WILL


    INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA FOR HUMIDIFICATION, AIR CLEANING,
    TEMP CONTROL
    +
    +
    + Osteomeatal Complex
     FINAL COMMON PATHWAY FOR DRAINAGE OF
    ANTERIOR SINUSES, UNCIINATE PROCESS,
    ETHMOID BULLA, HIATUS SEMILUNARIS,
    INFUNDIBULUM, MIDDLE TURBINATE, MAXILLARY
    SINUS OSTIUM

    PNS: LIGHTENS THE WEIGHT OF THE HEAD, HUMIDIFYING


    AND HEATING INHALED AIR, INCREASING THE RESONANCE
    OF SPEECH, SERVES AS CRUMPLE ZONES

    SINUSES PRESENT AT BIRTH:


     MAXILLARY AND ETHMOID SINUSES

    FRONTAL SINUS – SIGNIFICANT BY AGE 9


    SPHENOID SINUS – SIGNIFICANT BY AGE 10-12
    +
    + PHARYNX
     muscular tube lies behind and communicates with the nasal, oral, and laryngeal
    cavities
     At the level of C6, the pharynx becomes the esophagus, and anterior to the
    pharynx, the larynx becomes the trachea

    NASOPHARYNX
    Lateral wall: the cartilage of the eustachian tube , the torus tubarius
    Anterior: posterior choanae
    Posterior: superior pharyngeal constrictor
    Superior: posterior body of the sphenoid, basilar component of the occipital bone,
    and anterior arch of the atlas

    OROPHARYNX
    Anterior: base of the tongue, vallecula, glossoepiglootic fold
    Posterior: pharyngeal mucosa
    Lateral: tonsil, palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal folds

    HYPOPHARYNX: 3 PS
    +
    +
    LYMPHATIC
    DRAINAGE
    •Nasopharynx:
    retropharyngeal nodes

    •Oropharynx:
    jugulodigastric nodal
    group (levels II and III)

    •Hypopharynx: upper
    cervical nodes
    +
    +
    ORAL
    CAVITY
    +
    +

    PHARYNX
    LARYNX
    Unpaired cartilage
    1. Epiglottis
    2. Thyroid cartilage
    3. Cricoid cartilage

    Paired cartilages:
    1. Arytenoids
    2. Corniculate
    3. Cuneiforms
    +
    NECK

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