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Physics Project Title: Presented by

This document distinguishes between angular velocity and angular acceleration. It defines angular velocity as the rate of change of angular displacement and is represented by ω. Angular velocity depends on the point of rotation. Angular acceleration is defined as the rate of change of angular velocity and is represented by α. Examples are given to illustrate angular velocity for particles and rigid bodies rotating about a center of mass. Angular acceleration occurs when the direction of velocity changes for an object moving in circular motion.

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Her Rios
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49 views

Physics Project Title: Presented by

This document distinguishes between angular velocity and angular acceleration. It defines angular velocity as the rate of change of angular displacement and is represented by ω. Angular velocity depends on the point of rotation. Angular acceleration is defined as the rate of change of angular velocity and is represented by α. Examples are given to illustrate angular velocity for particles and rigid bodies rotating about a center of mass. Angular acceleration occurs when the direction of velocity changes for an object moving in circular motion.

Uploaded by

Her Rios
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics Project

Title

Presented by:
Pia Angelica H. Dagaraga
Jireh Eve T. Barrios
Clodette Blessy Cantara
Angie Franco
Kevin Loid Arcano
Claire Ann Tomado
Distinguish between Angular
Velocity and Angular
Acceleration
Angular Velocity
 In physics, the angular velocity is defined as the
rate of change of angular displacement and is a
vector quantity (more precisely, a pseudovector)
which specifies the angular speed (rotational
speed) of an object and the axis about which the
object is rotating. The SI unit of angular velocity is
radians per second, although it may be measured
in other units such as degrees per second, degrees
per hour, etc. Angular velocity is usually
represented by the symbol omega (ω, rarely Ω).
 The direction of the angular velocity vector is
perpendicular to the plane of rotation, in a direction
which is usually specified by the right-hand rule.
Angular Velocity of a Particle
 Particle in two dimensions

 The angular velocity of the particle at P


with respect to the origin O is
determined by the perpendicular
component of the velocity vector v.
Angular Velocity of a Particle
 Particle in two dimensions

 The angular velocity describes the speed of


rotation and the orientation of the
instantaneous axis about which the rotation
occurs. The direction of the angular velocity
pseudovector will be along the axis of
rotation; in this case (counter-clockwise
rotation) the vector points up.
 As shown in the diagram (with angles ɸ and
θ in radians), if a line is drawn from the origin
(O) to the particle (P), then the velocity (v) of
the particle has a component along the radius
(radial component, v‖) and a component
perpendicular to the radius (cross-radial
component, v⊥).
 A radial motion produces no change in the
direction of the particle relative to the origin,
so for purposes of finding the angular velocity
the radial component can be ignored.
Therefore, the rotation is completely
produced by the perpendicular motion around
the origin, and the angular velocity is
completely determined by this component.
•As seen in the Angular Velocity of particle
section, angular velocity depends on the point
that we are measuring the rotation about. So
for a solid object, the angular velocity of all the
particles, from which it is composed, are
different.

If an object is moving in free space, with no


external forces or torques acting on it, then it
will rotate about its centre-of-mass. So we can
represent the total instantaneous motion of a
rigid body by a combination of the linear
velocity of its centre of mass and its rotation
about its centre of mass.
Angular Velocity with
Examples
 Look at the given picture. If the platform does one
rotation then points A and B also does one rotation.
We define angular velocity as “change of the angular
displacement in a unit of time”. the unit of angular
velocity is revolution per unit time or radians per
second. We show angular velocity with the Greek
letter “ω” omega.
 Average Velocity= Circumference of the
Circle/Time
 Average Speed/Velocity=2πr/T where, T is
the period of the system and r is the radius
of the revolution.
 ω=2π/T=2πf where, f is frequency and T is
the period

 Unlike tangential velocity, angular velocity of


all points on the platform doing circular
motion are equal to each other since the
number of rotations per unit time are equal.
Angular Acceleration
 Angular acceleration is the rate of
change of angular velocity. In SI units,
it is measured in radians per second
squared (rad/s2), and is usually
denoted by the Greek letter alpha (α).
Mathematical Definition
 The angular acceleration can be defined as
either:

 where is the angular velocity, is the linear


tangential acceleration, and , (usually defined as the
radius of the circular path of which a point moving
along), is the distance from the origin of the coordinate
system that defines and to the point of interest.
Equation of Motion
 For two-dimensional rotational motion
(constant ), Newton's second law
can be adapted to describe the relation
between torque and angular
acceleration:

 where is the total torque exerted on


the body, and is the mass moment of
inertia of the body.
Angular Acceleration with
Examples
 Angular Acceleration:

 Look at the given picture above. The speed of


the system is constant and we show it with “v”.
However, as you can see direction of the
speed changes as time passes and always
tangent to the circle. Change in the direction of
velocity means system has acceleration which
is called angular acceleration. Since the
acceleration is; a= (Vf-Vi)/t
THE END!

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