PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

RHODORA M. BENIPAYO, RN.MAN.M.MIN.

 Unit 1: Self-Development

MODULE 1:
Knowing and Understanding
Oneself during Middle
and Late Adolescence

.
Big Question:

• How can understanding

yourself pave the way to self
acceptance and better
relationship with others?
Objectives:
At the end of this module, you will be able
to:
• 1. explain that knowing yourself can make
you accept your strengths and limitations
and dealing with others better;
• 2. share your unique characteristics,
habits and experiences; and,
• 3. start and maintain a journal.
Activity: SELF-CONCEPT
INVENTORY
Take a look at your own self-concept and
answer the following self-concept inventory in
your journal. Give yourself a rating using the
scale:
0 = very weak;
1 = weak;
2 = somewhat weak or somewhat strong;
3 = strong;
4 = very strong
 SELF CONCEPT
• Self-concept refers to your awareness of
yourself. It is the construct that negotiates
the Ideal self and the Actual self. In other
words, it connotes first the identification of
the ideal self as separate from others, and
second, it encompasses all the behaviors
evaluated in the actual self that you engage
in to reach the ideal self.
 Two broad categories of
SELF-CONCEPT.

• Ideal self is the self that you aspire to be.

It is the one that you hope will possess
characteristics similar to that of a mentor
or some other worldly figure.
• Actual self - is the one that you actually
see. It is the self that has characteristics
that you were nurtured or, in some cases,
born to have.
 ACTUAL SELF
• The actual self is built on self-knowledge.
Self-knowledge is derived from social
interactions that provide insight into how
others react to you. The actual self is who
we actually are. It is how we think, how we
feel, look, and act. The actual self can be
seen by others, but because we have no
way of truly knowing how others view us,
the actual self is our self-image.
 IDEAL SELF
• The ideal self, on the other hand, is how
we want to be. It is an idealized image that
we have developed over time, based on
what we have learned and experienced.
The ideal self could include components of
what our parents have taught us, what we
admire in others, what our society
promotes, and what we think is in our best
interest.
• There is negotiation that exists between
the two selves which is complex because
there are numerous exchanges between
the ideal and actual self.

• These exchanges are exemplified in

social roles that are adjusted and re-
adjusted, and are derived from outcomes
of social interactions from infant to adult
development.
Alignment:
If the way that I am (the actual self) is aligned
with the way that I want to be (the ideal self),
then I will feel a sense of mental well-being or
peace of mind.
If the way that I am is not aligned with how I
want to be, the incongruence, or lack of
alignment, will result in mental distress or
anxiety.
The greater the level of incongruence between
the ideal self and real self, the greater the level
of resulting distress.
• Personal development’ ultimate
aim is greater self-knowledge that
will lead to higher alignment
between these two personality
domains.
 Portfolio Output No. 1 –
Talent/Variety Show Presentation
• Your group shall have a presentation in front of the
class. The leaders of each group (including yours)
shall rate your group based on the following criteria:
a) originality (4 points),
b) creativity/resourcefulness (4 points),
c) teamwork (4 points), and
d) audience impact (4 points),
for a maximum of 16 points. Compute the average of
ratings for your group and write this average rating for
your presentation in your journal. Write about your
experience as a group leader/member in this activity.
PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS
• This means making use of all the personal
resources –talents, skills, energy and time, to
enable you to achieve life goals. Your
knowledge of yourself and how you manage
yourself impacts directly on your personal
effectiveness. Being self-aware, making the
most of your strengths, learning new skills
and techniques and behavioral flexibility are
all keys to improving your personal
performance.
PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS
• Our personal effectiveness depends on
our innate characteristics – talent and
experience accumulated in the process of
personal development. Talents first are
needed to be identified and then
developed to be used in a particular
subject area (science, literature, sports,
politics, etc.).
• Experience includes knowledge and skills
that we acquire in the process of cognitive
and practical activities.
• Knowledge is required for setting goals,
defining an action plan to achieve them and
risk assessment.
• Skills also determine whether real actions
are performed in accordance with the
plan
• If the same ability is used many times in the
same situation, then it becomes a habit that
runs automatically, subconsciously.
 POSITIVE SKILLS
1. Determination. It allows you to focus only on
achieving a specific goal without being distracted by less
important things or spontaneous desires. It may be
developed with the help of self-discipline exercise.

2. Self-confidence. a result of getting aware of yourself,

your actions and their consequences as manifested in
speech, appearance, dressing, gait, and physical
condition. To develop it, you need to learn yourself and
your capabilities, gain positive attitude and believe that
by performing right actions and achieving right goals you
will certainly reach success.
3. Persistence. It makes you keep moving
forward regardless of emerging obstacles –
problems, laziness, bad emotional state, etc. It
reduces the costs of overcoming obstacles. It
can also be developed with the help of self
discipline exercise.

4. Managing stress. It helps combat stress

that arises in daily life from the environment
and other people. Stress arises from the
uncertainty in an unknown situation when a
lack of information creates the risk of negative
consequences of your actions. It increases
efficiency in the actively changing environment.
5. Problem-solving skills. They help cope
with the problems encountered with a lack of
experience. It increases efficiency by
adopting new ways of achieving goals when
obtaining a new experience.

6. Creativity. It allows you to find

extraordinary ways to carry out a specific
action that no one has tried to use. It can
lead to a decrease or an increase of costs,
but usually the speed of action is greatly
increased when using creative
7. Generating ideas. It helps you achieve
goals using new, original, unconventional
ideas. Idea is a mental image of an object
formed by the human mind, which can be
changed before being implemented in the
real world.
For generating ideas you can use a method
of mental maps, which allows you to
materialize, visualize and scrutinize all your
ideas, which in turn contributes to the
emergence of new ideas.
 BUILD ON STRENGTHS AND
WORK ON WEAKNESSES
• Most failures emanate from weaknesses that
are not recognized or probably recognized but
not given appropriate attention or remedy. This
could be a weakness in communications,
personality or ability. Instead of giving up or
indulging in self-pity, take action. Go for
speech lessons, get skills upgrading, attend
personality development sessions or whatever
appropriate remedies to your perceived
weakness.
• Instead of simply focusing on your
weaknesses, recognize your own talents
and abilities, build on them, utilize them
to your greatest advantage. This is
where you can build your name and
popularity. Handicapped people like Jose
Feliciano and other blind singers did not
brood over their physical handicap. They
recognized that they have a golden voice
so they search for ways to enrich that
talent and now they have won international
fame in the field of music.
Portfolio Output No. 2: Journal
Reflection from My Banner
Write about your banner.
1. What do you consider as your
weaknesses, abilities and talents?
2. What are the remedies you will take to
improve or compensate for your weakness?
3. How can you further enrich your assets
and strengths?
4. Where and how do you use it to your best
advantage?
YOU NEED TO TAKE
CHARGE OF YOUR
FUTURE!
(3 kinds of People)
 THE MOVIEGOER
This person watches the movie of their
lives, admires some parts and criticizes
others. Aside from that, they do nothing
else. All she says the whole day is, “I like
this thing and but I don’t like that thing.”
The Moviegoer feels she has absolutely
no control of their lives --- except to
comment about it. Moviegoers are the
most pathetic, miserable people in the
world.
 THE ACTOR
This person does not only watch the movie of
her life. She actually realizes she’s the Actor
– and can control a big part of her life. She
can actually make or break the movie – by
how well she delivers her lines and how she
portrays her character. Actors are a happy
bunch, realizing they’re the start of the show
and enjoy some level of control. But many
times, they wish the movie would end in
another way – but realize that they have no
say in such things.
 THE SCRIPTWRITER
This person does not only watch, and she
doesn’t only act, but she actually creates
the entire movie from her mind. She
determines what she will say, what she will
do, and how the movie will end. She
realizes she has enormous control over
her life, and sees to it that the movie of her
life would turn out beautiful.
• Who are you among these three people?
• Do you merely watch your life go by?
• Or do you act out a script that you feel has
been handed to you?
• Or do you write the script and make your
life beautiful?
By the way, the Producer of the movie is
God. He tells you, “Make the movie
beautiful, and I will give you all that you
need for success.”
JOURNAL WRITING: UNFOLDING YOUR
PERSONAL JOURNEY
• The purpose of journal writing is to help you
become the Scriptwriter of your life. There
are four (4) practical reasons to maintain a
journal:
1. It is cost-efficient and available. Emotional
stress can be dealt in many ways like talking to
a friend over a cup of coffee, eating, travelling,
shopping, painting and many more but writing
is the most inexpensive. Notebook and pens
are easy to find, available and do not cost so
much.
• 2. It is preventive and pro-active. Writing yields
self-awareness. When you write, you can discover
your strengths and limitations. You will know what
your reactions are in different situations and what
better ways to prevent, avoid, or face your fears.
• 3. It is creative and productive. Journal writing
expounds your imagination. You can see various
dimensions of your problem, different points of
view and better solutions.
• 4. Lastly, it is personal and private. Unless you
want to share your stories, you have the choice to
keep them to yourself. Writing is your time alone. It
is your way of loving yourself. You will not be
judged by your writing.
• You just need one (1) notebook to maintain a
personal journal. You may use these questions as
you write in your journal:
• 1. How do you find this day? What are the positive
things that happened? What are those things that
made you irritated or upset?
• 2. As you reflect the ups and downs of your day,
what may be the greatest lesson you can learn from
them? What actions have you done well and what
actions you can do better?
• 3. What do you really want in life? What do you
want to achieve for yourself, your family, your
community, and your country?
• 4. As you close the day, what are the small and big
things you are thankful of? Who are the people that
made your day extra special?
• Write your answers in your personal
journal.
• 1. What have you discovered in yourself?
• 2. What are your core strengths?
• 3. What are the qualities you want to hone
and improve on?
• A pen is certainly an
excellent instrument to fix a
man’s attention and
inflame his ambition” –
John Adams