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    Unit2 Input Output

    Uploaded by

    Deepak Kumbhar
    Python provides built-in functions like input() and print() for standard input and output operations. Input() allows user input to be taken and stored as a string, while print() displays output to the screen. Formatted output can be achieved using print()’s formatting options like sep, end, and format specifiers. Modules can be imported using import to reuse code, and from to import specific attributes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Unit2 Input Output

    Uploaded by

    Deepak Kumbhar
    164 views10 pages
    Python provides built-in functions like input() and print() for standard input and output operations. Input() allows user input to be taken and stored as a string, while print() displays output to the screen. Formatted output can be achieved using print()’s formatting options like sep, end, and format specifiers. Modules can be imported using import to reuse code, and from to import specific attributes.

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    python programming

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    Python provides built-in functions like input() and print() for standard input and output operations. Input() allows user input to be taken and stored as a string, while print() displays output to the screen. Formatted output can be achieved using print()’s formatting options like sep, end, and format specifiers. Modules can be imported using import to reuse code, and from to import specific attributes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    164 views10 pages

    Unit2 Input Output

    Uploaded by

    Deepak Kumbhar
    Python provides built-in functions like input() and print() for standard input and output operations. Input() allows user input to be taken and stored as a string, while print() displays output to the screen. Formatted output can be achieved using print()’s formatting options like sep, end, and format specifiers. Modules can be imported using import to reuse code, and from to import specific attributes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Python Input and Output

    Python provides numerous built-in functions that are


    readily available to us at the Python prompt.

    Some of the functions like input() and print() are


    widely used for standard input and output operations
    respectively
    Python Input
    • In Python, we have the input() function to allow to take the input
    from the user. The syntax for input() is
    input([prompt])
    where prompt is the string we wish to display on the screen. It is
    optional.
    >>> num = input('Enter a number: ')
    Enter a number: 10
    >>> num
    '10'
    Here, we can see that the entered value 10 is a string, not a number. To
    convert this into a number we can use int() or float() functions.
    >>> int('10')
    10
    >>> float('10')
    10.0
    • This same operation can be performed using the eval() function. But
    it takes it further. It can evaluate even expressions, provided the input
    is a string
    >>> int('2+3')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<string>", line 301, in runcode
    File "<interactive input>", line 1, in <module>
    ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '2+3'
    >>> eval('2+3')
    5
    Python Output Using print() function
    The print() function to output data to the standard output device
    (screen).
    • We can also output data to a file, but this will be discussed later. An
    example use is given below.
    print('This sentence is output to the screen')
    # Output: This sentence is output to the screen
    a=5
    print('The value of a is', a)
    # Output: The value of a is 5
    • In the second print() statement, we can notice that a space was
    added between the string and the value of variable a. This is by
    default, but we can change it.
    • The actual syntax of the print() function is
    print(*objects, sep=' ', end='\n', file=sys.stdout, flush=False)
    • Here,
    • The sep separator is used between the values. It defaults into a space
    character.
    • After all values are printed, end is printed. It defaults into a new line.
    objects is the value(s) to be printed.
    • The file is the object where the values are printed and its default
    value is sys.stdout (screen).
    Here are an example to illustrate this
    print(1,2,3,4)
    # Output: 1 2 3 4
    print(1,2,3,4,sep='*')
    # Output: 1*2*3*4
    print(1,2,3,4,sep='#',end='&')
    # Output: 1#2#3#4&
    Output formatting

    • Sometimes we would like to format our output to make it look


    attractive. This can be done by using the str.format() method. This
    method is visible to any string object.
    >>> x = 5; y = 10
    >>> print('The value of x is {} and y is {}'.format(x,y))
    The value of x is 5 and y is 10
    • Here the curly braces {} are used as placeholders. We can specify the
    order in which it is printed by using numbers (tuple index).
    print('I love {0} and {1}'.format('bread','butter'))
    # Output: I love bread and butter
    print('I love {1} and {0}'.format('bread','butter'))
    # Output: I love butter and bread
    • We can even use keyword arguments to format the string.

    >>> print('Hello {name}, {greeting}'.format(greeting = 'Goodmorning', name =


    'John'))
    Hello John, Goodmorning
    We can even format strings like the old sprintf() style used in C
    programming language. We use the % operator to accomplish this.

    >>> x = 12.3456789
    >>> print('The value of x is %3.2f' %x)
    The value of x is 12.35
    >>> print('The value of x is %3.4f' %x)
    The value of x is 12.3457
    Python Import
    • When our program grows bigger, it is a good idea to break it into
    different modules.
    • A module is a file containing Python definitions and statements.
    Python modules have a filename and end with the extension .py.
    • Definitions inside a module can be imported to another module or
    the interactive interpreter in Python. We use the import keyword to
    do this.
    • For example, we can import the math module by typing in import
    math.
    import math
    print(math.pi)
    • Now all the definitions inside math module are available in our scope. We can also
    import some specific attributes and functions only, using the from keyword. For example:
    >>> from math import pi
    >>> pi
    3.141592653589793
    While importing a module, Python looks at several places defined in sys.path. It is a list of
    directory locations.
    >>> import sys
    >>> sys.path
    ['', 'C:\\Users\\Deepak\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37-32\\Lib\\idlelib',
    'C:\\Users\\Deepak\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37-32\\python37.zip',
    'C:\\Users\\Deepak\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37-32\\DLLs',
    'C:\\Users\\Deepak\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37-32\\lib',
    'C:\\Users\\Deepak\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37-32',
    'C:\\Users\\Deepak\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37-32\\lib\\site-packages']

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