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Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Supercritical fluid extraction uses supercritical fluids that have properties between gases and liquids. It can selectively extract compounds. The density and solvent power of the supercritical fluid can be adjusted by changing the pressure. Common extracting fluids like carbon dioxide are non-toxic. Applications include separation, purification, fractionation of oils, flavors, polymers, and food/beverage processing like decaffeinating coffee or producing alcohol-free beer. Solubility depends on pressure which allows fine-tuning of the extraction process.

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srikanthdivi
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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41 views

Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Supercritical fluid extraction uses supercritical fluids that have properties between gases and liquids. It can selectively extract compounds. The density and solvent power of the supercritical fluid can be adjusted by changing the pressure. Common extracting fluids like carbon dioxide are non-toxic. Applications include separation, purification, fractionation of oils, flavors, polymers, and food/beverage processing like decaffeinating coffee or producing alcohol-free beer. Solubility depends on pressure which allows fine-tuning of the extraction process.

Uploaded by

srikanthdivi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Supercritical Fluid Extraction


• SF combines desirable properties of gases and liquids
– Solubility of liquids
– Penetration power of gases

• Process flexibility: Density of SF and solubility of a solute


in it can be changed in a continuous manner by change
of pressure

• Environmental perspective: Innocuous substances such


as water and carbon dioxide can be used as extracting
solvents instead of organics
Applications of SFE
• Separation and purification of oils, flavours and medicinal
components

• Removal of grease and other fouling material

• Removal of impurities from chemical products

• Breaking of azeotropes

• Fractionation and purification of polymers e.g. removal of


unchanged monomers from polymers

• Food and beverage processing e.g. production of ‘decaf’ coffee,


alcohol free beer
SFE: Solute solubility
• Density of a SF increases
with pressure i.e. more
solvent molecules per unit
volume
• Pressure packs the solvent
Solubility
of solute in
molecules closer and
SF
Mass/volume
facilitates the entrapment of
more solute molecules
• Dependence of solubility on
Pressure pressure can be utilized to
fine-tune the SFE process
SFE: Enhanced penetration
• Diffusivity of solvent molecules in a SF approach
gaseous state diffusivity
• Solute diffusivity within a SF approaches that shown in
gaseous phase
Solvent
(SF)

Solute
Density of SF

TR = 0.8
TR = 1.0
TR = 0.9

TR = 1.1

R
1

TR = 1.2

PR
SFE: Types
• Liquid-SF extraction
– Similar to liquid-liquid extraction
– Examples:
• Increasing ethanol concentration in aqueous solution
• Removal of alcohol from beer

• Solid-SF extraction
– Similar to solid-liquid extraction (leaching)
– Examples:
• Removal of caffeine from coffee beans
• Polymer fractionation
• Extraction of flavours from rose petals
Liquid-SF extraction: Ethanol
enrichment by supercritical CO2
Ethanol

Supercritical
Water
carbon dioxide

Probably not the best extracting fluid for ethanol


enrichment!
Production of supercritical fluid

Adiabatic compression

Adiabatic compression + heating


Enrichment of ethanol using
supercritical CO2

Pressure
Ethanol Separator
reduction
water valve
mixture
Extractor Recycled
carbon
Ethanol dioxide

Carbon
Compressor dioxide

Raffinate
SFE using membrane
• Efficient segregation of streams
• Compactness of apparatus
• Large interfacial area
• Constant interfacial area which is independent of the
fluid velocity

Feed Raffinate

Extract SF
Solid-SF extraction

Pressure
Separator
reduction
Coffee
valve
beans
Recycled
Extractor
carbon
Caffeine dioxide

Carbon
Compressor dioxide

Raffinate

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