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    Supercritical Fluid Extraxction

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    MAHIMA BAID
    The document discusses supercritical fluid extraction, which uses supercritical fluids as solvents to separate components. It defines a supercritical fluid as a substance above its critical temperature and pressure so it can dissolve materials like a liquid but diffuse like a gas. Supercritical carbon dioxide is commonly used due to its low critical parameters and non-toxicity. The extraction process involves passing the supercritical fluid through a solid sample to dissolve components, then separating the extract from the fluid by changing conditions like pressure. Applications include decaffeination and extraction of compounds from foods, spices and plants.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Supercritical Fluid Extraxction

    Uploaded by

    MAHIMA BAID
    94 views17 pages
    The document discusses supercritical fluid extraction, which uses supercritical fluids as solvents to separate components. It defines a supercritical fluid as a substance above its critical temperature and pressure so it can dissolve materials like a liquid but diffuse like a gas. Supercritical carbon dioxide is commonly used due to its low critical parameters and non-toxicity. The extraction process involves passing the supercritical fluid through a solid sample to dissolve components, then separating the extract from the fluid by changing conditions like pressure. Applications include decaffeination and extraction of compounds from foods, spices and plants.

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    SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRAXCTION.pptx

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    The document discusses supercritical fluid extraction, which uses supercritical fluids as solvents to separate components. It defines a supercritical fluid as a substance above its critical temperature and pressure so it can dissolve materials like a liquid but diffuse like a gas. Supercritical carbon dioxide is commonly used due to its low critical parameters and non-toxicity. The extraction process involves passing the supercritical fluid through a solid sample to dissolve components, then separating the extract from the fluid by changing conditions like pressure. Applications include decaffeination and extraction of compounds from foods, spices and plants.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    94 views17 pages

    Supercritical Fluid Extraxction

    Uploaded by

    MAHIMA BAID
    The document discusses supercritical fluid extraction, which uses supercritical fluids as solvents to separate components. It defines a supercritical fluid as a substance above its critical temperature and pressure so it can dissolve materials like a liquid but diffuse like a gas. Supercritical carbon dioxide is commonly used due to its low critical parameters and non-toxicity. The extraction process involves passing the supercritical fluid through a solid sample to dissolve components, then separating the extract from the fluid by changing conditions like pressure. Applications include decaffeination and extraction of compounds from foods, spices and plants.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17
    At a glance
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    Supercritical fluids can diffuse like gases and dissolve materials like liquids. They are used in extraction processes to separate components using properties that can be varied with temperature and pressure.

    Supercritical fluids combine properties of gases and liquids, have good solvating power, and solubility increases with density. They can also lead to difficult reactions in conventional solvents.

    Carbon dioxide and some organic solvents are commonly used due to properties like cost, toxicity and density. Water is also becoming more popular as a solvent above its critical point.

    SUPERCRITICAL FLUID

    EXTRACTION
    PRESENTED BY : MAHIMA BAID
    ROLL NO :1655063
    DEPT : CHEMICAL
    1
    CONTENT
    • Supercritical fluid
    • Properties of supercritical fluid
    • Solvents
    • Supercritical fluid extraction
    • Sfe resembles solvent extraction
    • Flow sheet
    • Parts of sfe
    • Procedure
    • Modes of extraction
    • Applications
    • Advantages
    2
    • Disadvantages
    • Conclusion
    SUPERCRITICAL FLUID
    • It can diffuse like a gas and dissolve material like a liquid
    • A fluid is termed supercritical when the temperature and pressure are higher
    than the corresponding critical values.

    3
    PROPERTIES OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUID

    • Combine properties of gases and liquids


    • Lead to reactions, which are difficult to achieve in
    conventional solvents.
    • Good solvating power
    • Solubility increases with increasing density
    • Commonly miscible with permanent gases (e.G.
    N2 or H2).

    4
    SOLVENTS
    • Supercritical CO2 is most widely used solvent
    because of its :-
     Low critical parameters (31.1º C, 73.8 bar)
     Low cost and non- toxic

    • some organic solvents


    • Chlorofluorocarbons (cfcs) are good solvents
    because of their high density.
    • Water as scf has become quite popular because
    of unique properties of water above its critical
    point. (374º C, 218 atm)

    5
    SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION

    The process of separating one component (the


    extractant) from another (the matrix)
    using supercritical fluids as the extracting solvent.

    It is based on the principle -that solubility in a


    supercritical fluid increase dramatically with
    increasing density and different solutes have
    different solubility at the same condition.

    6
    SUPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION RESEMBLES SOLVENT EXTRACTION

    SOLVENT SUPERCRITICAL EXTRACTION


    EXTRACTION
    SOLVENT SUPERCRITICAL
    (PASS THROUGH) SOLVENT
    (PASS THROUGH)

    SOLIDS
    SOLIDS
    DISSOLVED SOLUTE
    DISSOLVED SOLUTE
    EXTRACT RAFFINATE
    EXTRACT 7

    RAFFINATE
    (SC
    FLOW SHEET

    4
    1. Solvent pump 3
    2. Modifier pump
    3. Extraction cell
    4. Fractionation cell 2 5
    5. Fractionation cell 6
    6. Valve
    7. Trapping vessel 1
    7

    8
    PARTS OF SFE

    • SOLVENT PUMP- Delivers the solvent throughout the system

    • MODIFIER PUMP-Increases the polarity of solvent

    • EXTRACTOR- Made up of stainless steel to withstand high pressure

    -Size ranges from 50-100 ml


    -Usually in an oven to control the temperature

    • SEPARATORS- One or more to collect the extract and the solvent is depressurized

    • VALVES- Helps in controlling process pressure , pumps flow rates , chiller , boiler and temperature in
    every section

    9
    PROCEDURE:
    INTRODUCTION OF FEED INTO EXTRACTOR (SOLID FEED) EITHER CO-CURRENTLY OR
    COUNTER CURRENTLY AND PRESSURIZED WITH SCF

    FORMATION OF MOBILE PHASE: MIXING OF SOLUTES WITH SUPERCRITICAL FLUID

    EXPOSURE TO (50-500) ATM AND TEMPERATURE NEAR OR ABOVE THE CRITICAL


    POINT FOR ENHANCING THE MOBILE PHASE SOLVATING POWER

    ISOLATION OF DISSOLVED SOLUTE BY PRECIPITATION

    10
    MODES OF SCF EXTRACTION
    • STATIC MODE (STEADY • DYNAMIC MODE (NON-STEADY STATE)
    STATE)
    • Sample soaked in a fixed amount • SCF continuously passes
    of supercritical fluid through the sample matrix
    • Can be compared to tea bag in cup • Analogous to a coffee
    of water maker

    11
    APPLICATIONS
    • Used in industries for the extraction of various natural
    products
    -Decaffeination of coffee
    -Extraction of hops used in beer extraction
    -Extraction of oleoresin from spices
    • Extraction of essential oils -from black pepper , jojoba
    • Flavonoids extraction
    • Rapid analysis for fat content
    • Rapid analysis for pesticides in foods 12
    ADVANTAGES

    ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT - Reduced product contamination And


    no extra emissions
    SELECTIVITY - Solvent strength can be varied by changing pressure and
    temperature
    SPEED -It is a diffusion-based process and diffusivities of scf are much
    higher than liquids so it is a faster process
    PURITY – Scf can be separated from analyte by releasing the pressure
    RECOVERY – Easily recoverable

    13
    DISADVANTAGES

    • Elevated pressure required


    • Phase equilibrium of the solvent/solute system is complex ,
    making design of extraction condition difficult
    • CO2 itself is non-polar and has somewhat limited dissolving
    power
    • Added solvents can complicate further downstream
    processing

    14
    CONCLUSION

    • Extraction by means of supercritical carbon FLUID can be expected to improve


    efficiency , including shorter extraction times and simplified procedures when
    compared with extraction techniques that employ organic solvents
    • Suitable for extraction and purification of compounds having low volatility
    • High B.P components are extracted at relatively low temperatures
    • Thermally liable compounds can be extracted
    • Low handling cost

    15
    REFERENCES
    • Bruno, t. J., Nieto de castro, c. A, hamel, J.-F. P. And palavra, A. F. (1993)
    • “Supercritical fluid extraction of biological products. In
    • Recovery processes for biological materials”,
    • Pp. 303-354 (editors kennedy, J. F. And cabral, J. M. S.).Wiley, chichester.Clifford, tony (1999).
    • Fundamentals of supercritical fluids”
    • . oxford:oxford science publications.Ekhtera, m.R., Mansoori, G.A., Mensinger, M.C., Rehmat, A. And deville,
    B."Supercritical fluid extraction for remediation of contaminated soil" in"supercritical fluids: extraction and
    pollution prevention" M. Abraham anda.Sunol (editors), ACSSS vol. # 670, pp. 280-298, american chemical
    society,washington, D.C., 1997.King, jerry W
    • . (2002). “Supercritical fluid technology for lipid extraction,fractionation and reactions”
    • . In tsung min kuo and harold gardner.
    • Lipid biotechnology
    • . new york: marcel dekker inc. Pp. 663
    • 687.Kwak, T.Y. And mansoori, G.A. "Van der waals mixing rules for cubic equationsof state - applications for
    supercritical fluid extraction modelling", chemicaleng. Science, 41, 5, pp.1303-1309, 1986.
    • Kwon, y.J. And. Mansoori, G.A. "Solubility modeling of solids insupercritical fluids using the kirkwood-b 16
    Thank you…
    STEPPING FORWARD TOWARDS GREEN
    CHEMISTRY…
    17

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