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    Principles For Teaching Listening

    Uploaded by

    Ais Kosong
    This document discusses two techniques for teaching listening: bottom-up processing and top-down processing. Bottom-up processing involves paying close attention to every detail of the language input and building understanding from individual sounds and words. Top-down processing uses a listener's prior knowledge to make predictions about the incoming message and how parts fit into the whole. Effective listening instruction incorporates both bottom-up and top-down processing through interactive activities.

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    Principles For Teaching Listening

    Uploaded by

    Ais Kosong
    39 views4 pages
    This document discusses two techniques for teaching listening: bottom-up processing and top-down processing. Bottom-up processing involves paying close attention to every detail of the language input and building understanding from individual sounds and words. Top-down processing uses a listener's prior knowledge to make predictions about the incoming message and how parts fit into the whole. Effective listening instruction incorporates both bottom-up and top-down processing through interactive activities.

    Original Description:

    cognitive

    Original Title

    bottom-up

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    This document discusses two techniques for teaching listening: bottom-up processing and top-down processing. Bottom-up processing involves paying close attention to every detail of the language input and building understanding from individual sounds and words. Top-down processing uses a listener's prior knowledge to make predictions about the incoming message and how parts fit into the whole. Effective listening instruction incorporates both bottom-up and top-down processing through interactive activities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    39 views4 pages

    Principles For Teaching Listening

    Uploaded by

    Ais Kosong
    This document discusses two techniques for teaching listening: bottom-up processing and top-down processing. Bottom-up processing involves paying close attention to every detail of the language input and building understanding from individual sounds and words. Top-down processing uses a listener's prior knowledge to make predictions about the incoming message and how parts fit into the whole. Effective listening instruction incorporates both bottom-up and top-down processing through interactive activities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Principles

    for teaching
    listening
    2 techniques

    Bottom-up Top-down
    Bottom-up processing Top-down processing

    Externally based Internally based

    Involves the listener playing close Involves the listener’s ability to bring
    attention to every detail of the language prior information to bear on the task of
    input. understanding the ‘heard’ language.

    The understanding of the “heard” Used by the listener to make predictions


    language is worked out proceeding from about what the incoming message is
    sounds to words to grammatical expected to be at any point, and how
    relationships to lexical meaning. the pieces fit into whole.

    Example: students listen to a


    example: students listen to a pair of
    conversation and choose a picture
    words and circle If the words are or
    showing the correct location of the
    different.
    dialogue
    Bottom-
    up
    Interactive process
    The product of
    reader’s
    interaction with
    the info & prior
    knowledge
    Top-
    down

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