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    12 Cranial Nerves: Locations and Functions

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    Mike Calipayan
    The 12 cranial nerves control sensory and motor functions of the head and neck. Cranial Nerve I is the olfactory nerve, which provides smell sensation. Cranial Nerve II is the optic nerve, which provides vision. Cranial Nerve III is the oculomotor nerve, which controls most of the extrinsic eye muscles as well as pupil constriction. Common tests of cranial nerves include smell identification, visual acuity tests, and evaluation of eye movements.

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    12 Cranial Nerves: Locations and Functions

    Uploaded by

    Mike Calipayan
    126 views40 pages
    The 12 cranial nerves control sensory and motor functions of the head and neck. Cranial Nerve I is the olfactory nerve, which provides smell sensation. Cranial Nerve II is the optic nerve, which provides vision. Cranial Nerve III is the oculomotor nerve, which controls most of the extrinsic eye muscles as well as pupil constriction. Common tests of cranial nerves include smell identification, visual acuity tests, and evaluation of eye movements.

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    This is my report in Medical-Surgical Nursing: How to Assess every Cranial Nerves

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    Cranial Nerves

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    The 12 cranial nerves control sensory and motor functions of the head and neck. Cranial Nerve I is the olfactory nerve, which provides smell sensation. Cranial Nerve II is the optic nerve, which provides vision. Cranial Nerve III is the oculomotor nerve, which controls most of the extrinsic eye muscles as well as pupil constriction. Common tests of cranial nerves include smell identification, visual acuity tests, and evaluation of eye movements.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    126 views40 pages

    12 Cranial Nerves: Locations and Functions

    Uploaded by

    Mike Calipayan
    The 12 cranial nerves control sensory and motor functions of the head and neck. Cranial Nerve I is the olfactory nerve, which provides smell sensation. Cranial Nerve II is the optic nerve, which provides vision. Cranial Nerve III is the oculomotor nerve, which controls most of the extrinsic eye muscles as well as pupil constriction. Common tests of cranial nerves include smell identification, visual acuity tests, and evaluation of eye movements.

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    12 CRANIAL NERVES

    Locations and Functions



    . Olfactory:
    I

     Sensory
    nerves for smell
    II. Optic:
    Sensory
    nerve for vision.
    II - Optic
    Examine the Optic Fundi
    III. Oculomotor:
    Somatic &
    Parasympathetic:
     control of extrinsic eye
    muscles and pupil
    dilation.
    IV. TROCHLEAR:
    SOMATIC
    CONTROL OF MUSCLES THAT
    SURROUND THE EYE.
    V. Trigeminal:
    Sensory & Somatic
    control of facial
    nerves and muscles
    for chewing.
    VI. ABDUCENS:
     SOMATIC
    MUSCLE CONTROL OF LATERAL
    MOVEMENT OF THE EYEBALL.
    VII. FACIAL:
    SENSORY, SOMATIC &
    PARASYMPATHETIC
    CONTROL OVER FACIAL EXPRESSION
    AND TASTE.
    VIII. Vestibulocochlear or
    Auditory Nerve:
    Sensory
    nerve for hearing.
     
    Rinne Test:
    IX. Glossopharyngeal:
    Sensory, Somatic &
    Parasympathetic
    control over taste, the tongue
    and the pharynx.
     
    X. Vagus
    Primary Parasympathetic
     nerve with some Somatic and
    Sensory functions. Controls
    visceral organs.
    XI. Accessory:
     Somatic
    control over larynx,
    pharynx and
    sternocleidomastoid
    muscles
    XII. Hypoglossal:
    Somatic
    control over the
    tongue.
    Testing the hypoglossal nerve.
    Patient is instructed to stick out the tongue and then move it laterally
    against resistance.
    SUMMARY
    Cranial Nerve  Number Innervation(s) Primary Function(s)  Test(s)

    Olfactory I Sensory Smell Identify odors

    Visual acuity,
    Optic II Sensory Vision fields, color,
    nerve head

    Upper lid elevation,


    extraocular eye Physiologic "H"
    Oculomotor III Motor movement, pupil and near point
    constriction, response
    accommodation

    Trochlear IV Motor Superior oblique muscle Physiologic "H"

    Trigeminal V Motor Muscles of mastication Corneal reflex

    Clench
    Trigeminal V Sensory Scalp, conjunctiva, teeth jaw/palpate, light
    touch comparison

    Abduction,
    Abducens VI Motor Lateral rectus muscle
    physiologic "H"
    Smile, puff
    cheeks, wrinkle
    Facial VII Motor Muscles of facial expression
    forehead, pry open
    closed lids

    Facial VII Sensory Taste-anterior two thirds of tongue  

    Rinne test for


    Vestibulocochlear  VIII Sensory Hearing and balance hearing, Weber
    test for balance
    Glossopharyngeal  IX Motor Tongue and pharynx Gag reflex

    Glossopharyngeal IX Sensory Taste-posterior one third of tongue  

    Pharynx, tongue, larynx, thoracic


    Vagus X Motor Gag reflex
    and abdominal viscera

    Vagus X Sensory Larynx, trachea, esophagus  

    Sternomastoid and trapezius Shrug, head turn


    Accessory XI  Motor
    muscles against resistance

     Hypoglossal XII Motor Muscles of tongue Tongue deviation


    THE END

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