Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
482 views

The Problem and Its Background

This document outlines the key sections that should be included in a research paper, including an introduction that presents the problem statement and background, a theoretical framework, conceptual framework, statement of the problem, assumptions and hypotheses, scope and limitations, significance of the study, and definitions of terms. The introduction provides context around the research problem while the background of the study describes the history leading to the problem. The theoretical and conceptual frameworks establish the foundations and lens for the research. The statement of the problem clearly defines the research questions.

Uploaded by

Shane Villacorta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
482 views

The Problem and Its Background

This document outlines the key sections that should be included in a research paper, including an introduction that presents the problem statement and background, a theoretical framework, conceptual framework, statement of the problem, assumptions and hypotheses, scope and limitations, significance of the study, and definitions of terms. The introduction provides context around the research problem while the background of the study describes the history leading to the problem. The theoretical and conceptual frameworks establish the foundations and lens for the research. The statement of the problem clearly defines the research questions.

Uploaded by

Shane Villacorta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

THE PROBLEM

AND
ITS BACKGROUND
by:
Ernalyn N. Serna
Shane T. Villacorta
SYNOPSIS

 Introduction
 Background of the study
 Theoretical Framework
 Conceptual Framework
 Statement of the problem
 Assumptions and Hypotheses
 Scope and Limitations of the Study
 Significance or Importance of the
Study
 Definitions of Terms
INTRODUCTION
 Presents a general statement about
the study
 Presents support about the general
statement
 Last paragraph contains either the
aims or problems that would want to
achieve or solve
Guidelines in writing the
introduction
1. Presentation of the Problem

Example:
There is no other period in world history
when Science has been making its
greatest impact upon human kind than
it is today.
2. The existence of an unsatisfactory
condition, a felt problem that needs a
solution

Example:
The teaching of Science in the high schools
of Province A has been observed to be weak
as shown by the results of the survey tests
given to the students recently. The causes
must be found so that remedial measures
may be instituted.
3. Rationale of the study

Example:
One of the thrusts of the Department of
Education and of the government for
that matter is to strengthen the
teaching of Science. It is necessary to
conduct this inquiry to find out how to
strengthen the instruction of Science in
the province.
4. Historical Background of the
problem

Example:
The first satellite to orbit the Earth,
educational systems all over the world
including that the Philippines have
been trying hard to improve their
Science curricula and instruction.
5. A desire to have deeper and cleared
understanding of a situation,
circumstance, or phenomenon

6. A desire to find a better way of doing


something or of improving a product

7. A desire to discover something


8. Geographical conditions of the study
locale.

9. A link between the introduction and the


statement of the problem

Example:
The researcher got very much interested in
determining the status of teaching Science
in the high schools of Province A and so he
conducted this research.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
 This segment consists of statements
on what led the investigator to
launch the study

 Begin this section with a clear


description of the background of the
study and social, institutional
context which will frame the project.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

o This section describes the history of


the problem
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
 The foundation of the research
study
 Refers to the set of interrelated
construct, definitions, and
prepositions that presents a
systematic view of phenomena by
specifying relations among
variables
WHAT DATA MUST BE OBTAINED
FROM A THEORY?

1. The name/s of author/s of the theory


must be taken including the place
and the time / year when he or she
postulated such a principle or
generation
2. Copy exactly the part or parts of the
theory that are relevant to your study

3. Finally, you will have to make a


synthesis by relating to your findings
what the theory has to say about the
phenomenon being studied.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
 Consists of the investigator’s own position
on a problem after his exposure to various
theories that have bearing on the problem.

 Becomes the central theme, the focus,


the main thrust of the study.

 It serves as a guide in conducting


investigation.
PARADIGM
 Is a diagrammatic representation of
a conceptual framework.

 It depicts in a more vivid way what


the conceptual framework wants to
convey.
PARADIGM FOR SCIENCE TEACHING IN HIGH
SCHOOL
Inputs Process Outputs
Qualified
teachers Superior
Science Science
Effective knowledge
methods
Instructional
Adequate
facilities
And
Adequate Program skills
Supervisory Of…
assistance
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
 Describes the problems to be
investigated

 Contains a general problem written


in the form of a statement followed
by the specific questions or sub-
problems
ASSUMPTIONS AND
HYPOTHESES
 Historical and Descriptive
investigations do not need explicit
assumptions and hypotheses

 Only experimental studies need


expressly written assumptions
and hypotheses
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
OF THE STUDY
 Describes the extent of the study
GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE
SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS:
1. A brief statement of the general
purpose of the study.

2. The subject matter and topics


studied and discussed.

3. The locale of the study, where the


data were gathered or the entity to
which the data belong
4. The population or universe from
which the respondents were
selected.

5. The period of the study. This is the


time, either months or years, during
which the data were gathered.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

 Includes the weaknesses of the


study beyond the control of the
researcher
IMPORTANCE OR THE
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Guidelines in explaining the
importance of the study
1. The rationale, timeliness and/or
relevance of the study

2. Possible solutions to existing


problems or improvement to
unsatisfactory conditions
3. Who are to be benefited and how
they are going to be benefited.

4. Possible contribution to the fund of


knowledge.

5. Possible implications
DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Only terms, words or phrases
which have special or unique
meanings in the study are
defined.

2. Terms should be defined


operationally, that is how they
are used in the study
3. The researcher may develop his
own definition from the
characteristics of the term defined.

4. Definitions may be taken from


encyclopedias, books, magazines
and newspaper articles, dictionaries
and other publications but the
researcher must acknowledge his
sources
5. Definitions should a/be brief, clear,
and unequivocal as possible.

6. Acronyms should always be spelled


out fully especially if it is not
commonly known or if it is used for
the first time.
Thank you for
listening

You might also like